The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conservedcyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK2, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein accumulates at the G1-S phase boundary and is degraded as cells progress through S phase. Overexpression of this gene has been observed in many tumors, which results in chromosome instability, and thus may contribute to tumorigenesis. This protein was found to associate with, and be involved in, the phosphorylation of NPAT protein (nuclear protein mapped to the ATM locus), which participates in cell-cycle regulated histone gene expression and plays a critical role in promoting cell-cycle progression in the absence of pRB. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been described. Two additional splice variants were reported but detailed nucleotide sequence information is not yet available.[2]
↑Lew DJ, Dulić V, Reed SI (October 1991). "Isolation of three novel human cyclins by rescue of G1 cyclin (Cln) function in yeast". Cell. 66 (6): 1197–206. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90042-W. PMID1833066.
↑Xu X, Burke SP (March 1996). "Roles of active site residues and the NH2-terminal domain in the catalysis and substrate binding of human Cdc25". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (9): 5118–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.9.5118. PMID8617791.
↑ 7.07.1Koff A, Giordano A, Desai D, Yamashita K, Harper JW, Elledge S, Nishimoto T, Morgan DO, Franza BR, Roberts JM (September 1992). "Formation and activation of a cyclin E-cdk2 complex during the G1 phase of the human cell cycle". Science. 257 (5077): 1689–94. doi:10.1126/science.1388288. PMID1388288.
↑ 8.08.1McKenzie PP, Danks MK, Kriwacki RW, Harris LC (July 2003). "P21Waf1/Cip1 dysfunction in neuroblastoma: a novel mechanism of attenuating G0-G1 cell cycle arrest". Cancer Res. 63 (13): 3840–4. PMID12839982.
↑Boudrez A, Beullens M, Groenen P, Van Eynde A, Vulsteke V, Jagiello I, Murray M, Krainer AR, Stalmans W, Bollen M (August 2000). "NIPP1-mediated interaction of protein phosphatase-1 with CDC5L, a regulator of pre-mRNA splicing and mitotic entry". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25411–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001676200. PMID10827081.
↑Mitsui K, Nakanishi M, Ohtsuka S, Norwood TH, Okabayashi K, Miyamoto C, Tanaka K, Yoshimura A, Ohtsubo M (December 1999). "A novel human gene encoding HECT domain and RCC1-like repeats interacts with cyclins and is potentially regulated by the tumor suppressor proteins". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 266 (1): 115–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1777. PMID10581175.
↑Li Y, Graham C, Lacy S, Duncan AM, Whyte P (December 1993). "The adenovirus E1A-associated 130-kD protein is encoded by a member of the retinoblastoma gene family and physically interacts with cyclins A and E". Genes Dev. 7 (12A): 2366–77. doi:10.1101/gad.7.12a.2366. PMID8253383.
↑Wong AK, Shanahan F, Chen Y, Lian L, Ha P, Hendricks K, Ghaffari S, Iliev D, Penn B, Woodland AM, Smith R, Salada G, Carillo A, Laity K, Gupte J, Swedlund B, Tavtigian SV, Teng DH, Lees E (November 2000). "BRG1, a component of the SWI-SNF complex, is mutated in multiple human tumor cell lines". Cancer Res. 60 (21): 6171–7. PMID11085541.
Further reading
Akita H (2003). "[Prognostic importance of altered expression of cell cycle regulators in lung cancer]". Nippon Rinsho. 60. Suppl 5: 267–71. PMID12101670.
Hinds PW, Mittnacht S, Dulic V, Arnold A, Reed SI, Weinberg RA (1992). "Regulation of retinoblastoma protein functions by ectopic expression of human cyclins". Cell. 70 (6): 993–1006. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90249-C. PMID1388095.
Koff A, Giordano A, Desai D, Yamashita K, Harper JW, Elledge S, Nishimoto T, Morgan DO, Franza BR, Roberts JM (1992). "Formation and activation of a cyclin E-cdk2 complex during the G1 phase of the human cell cycle". Science. 257 (5077): 1689–94. doi:10.1126/science.1388288. PMID1388288.
Koff A, Cross F, Fisher A, Schumacher J, Leguellec K, Philippe M, Roberts JM (1991). "Human cyclin E, a new cyclin that interacts with two members of the CDC2 gene family". Cell. 66 (6): 1217–28. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90044-Y. PMID1833068.
Demetrick DJ, Matsumoto S, Hannon GJ, Okamoto K, Xiong Y, Zhang H, Beach DH (1995). "Chromosomal mapping of the genes for the human cell cycle proteins cyclin C (CCNC), cyclin E (CCNE), p21 (CDKN1) and KAP (CDKN3)". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 69 (3–4): 190–2. doi:10.1159/000133960. PMID7698009.
Li Y, Graham C, Lacy S, Duncan AM, Whyte P (1994). "The adenovirus E1A-associated 130-kD protein is encoded by a member of the retinoblastoma gene family and physically interacts with cyclins A and E.". Genes Dev. 7 (12A): 2366–77. doi:10.1101/gad.7.12a.2366. PMID8253383.
Xu X, Burke SP (1996). "Roles of active site residues and the NH2-terminal domain in the catalysis and substrate binding of human Cdc25". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (9): 5118–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.9.5118. PMID8617791.
Geng Y, Eaton EN, Picón M, Roberts JM, Lundberg AS, Gifford A, Sardet C, Weinberg RA (1996). "Regulation of cyclin E transcription by E2Fs and retinoblastoma protein". Oncogene. 12 (6): 1173–80. PMID8649818.
Poon RY, Jiang W, Toyoshima H, Hunter T (1996). "Cyclin-dependent kinases are inactivated by a combination of p21 and Thr-14/Tyr-15 phosphorylation after UV-induced DNA damage". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (22): 13283–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.22.13283. PMID8662825.
Li H, Lahti JM, Valentine M, Saito M, Reed SI, Look AT, Kidd VJ (1997). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of the human cyclin C (CCNC) and cyclin E (CCNE) genes: deletion of the CCNC gene in human tumors". Genomics. 32 (2): 253–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0112. PMID8833152.
