Dermoid cyst CT
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Dermoid cyst CT |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]
Overview
CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of dermoid cyst. Findings on CT scan suggestive of ovarian dermoid cyst include low attenuating areas of fat and fat-fluid levels, rokitansky protuberance, soft tissue plugs, and cauliflower appearance with irregular borders.[1][2] Findings on CT scan suggestive of spinal dermoid cysts include well defined mass isodense to cerebrospinal fluid, often with hypodense components (fat) and calcification, widening of the spinal canal, flattening of the pedicles and laminae, and osseous erosions.[3] Findings on CT scan suggestive of intracranial dermoid cyst include well defined low attenuating (fat density) lobulated mass with calcifications in the wall.[4]
CT
Ovarian Dermoid Cyst
- Although dermoid cysts (composed only of epidermal elements) and teratomas (composed of mesodermal and endodermal elements) in the ovary have histological differences, the imaging findings are very similar.[5]
- CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of ovarian dermoid cyst. Findings on CT scan suggestive of ovarian dermoid cyst include:[1][2]
- Low attenuating areas of fat and fat-fluid levels
- Rokitansky protuberance (or a dermoid plug which is a protuberance arising from the tumor wall and contains hair follicles and often fragments of bone or teeth)
- Malignant transformation should be suspected when the cyst develops any of the following features:[5]
- Size greater than 10 cm
- Soft tissue plugs
- Cauliflower appearance with irregular borders
- Findings on CT scan suggestive of a ruptured ovarian dermoid cyst include:[6][5]
- Hypoattenuating fatty fluid below the right hemidiaphragm which is a pathognomonic finding
Spinal Dermoid Cyst
- CT scan is helpful in the diagnosis of spinal dermoid cyst. Findings on CT scan suggestive of spinal dermoid cyst includes:[3]
- Well defined mass
- Isodense to cerebrospinal fluid, often with hypodense components (fat)
- Calcification may be present
- Minimal enhancement may be demonstrated
- Widening of the spinal canal
- Flattening of the pedicles and laminae
- Osseous erosions may be demonstrated
Intracranial Dermoid Cyst
- CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of intracranial dermoid cyst. Findings on CT scan suggestive of intracranial dermoid cyst include:[4]
- Well defined low attenuating (fat density) lobulated mass
- Calcifications may be present in the wall
- Enhancement is uncommon. However, a thin peripheral rim enhancement may be present
- Rarely the dermoid cysts in the posterior fossa may appear hyperdense from a combination of saponification, microcalcification, and blood products
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sheth S, Fishman EK, Buck JL, Hamper UM, Sanders RC (1988). "The variable sonographic appearances of ovarian teratomas: correlation with CT". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 151 (2): 331–4. doi:10.2214/ajr.151.2.331. PMID 3293377.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Occhipinti KA, Frankel SD, Hricak H (1993). "The ovary. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging". Radiol Clin North Am. 31 (5): 1115–32. PMID 8362057.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Spinal dermoid cyst. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-dermoid-cyst. Accessed on February 18, 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Intracranial dermoid cyst. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1. Accessed on February 11, 2016.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma Radiopedia. Accessed on February 11, 2016
- ↑ Fibus TF (2000). "Intraperitoneal rupture of a benign cystic ovarian teratoma: findings at CT and MR imaging". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174 (1): 261–2. doi:10.2214/ajr.174.1.1740261. PMID 10628494.