The protein encoded by this gene is called MLK3 and it is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family. This kinase contains a SH3 domain and a leucine zipper-basic motif. This kinase preferentially activates MAPK8/JNK kinase, and functions as a positive regulator of JNK signaling pathway. This kinase can directly phosphorylate, and activates JNK and p38, and is found to be involved in the transcription activity of AP1 mediated by Rho family GTPases and CDC42.[3][4]
↑Ing YL, Leung IW, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Lassam NJ (June 1994). "MLK-3: identification of a widely-expressed protein kinase bearing an SH3 domain and a leucine zipper-basic region domain". Oncogene. 9 (6): 1745–50. PMID8183572.
↑Böck BC, Vacratsis PO, Qamirani E, Gallo KA (May 2000). "Cdc42-induced activation of the mixed-lineage kinase SPRK in vivo. Requirement of the Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motif and changes in phosphorylation". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (19): 14231–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.19.14231. PMID10799501.
↑Figueroa C, Tarras S, Taylor J, Vojtek AB (November 2003). "Akt2 negatively regulates assembly of the POSH-MLK-JNK signaling complex". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (48): 47922–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307357200. PMID14504284.
Further reading
van de Bovenkamp M, Nottet HS, Pereira CF (2003). "Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 proteins with neurons: possible role in the development of human immunodeficiency virus-1-associated dementia". Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 32 (8): 619–27. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.01029.x. PMID12190962.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID8125298.
Gallo KA, Mark MR, Scadden DT, Wang Z, Gu Q, Godowski PJ (1994). "Identification and characterization of SPRK, a novel src-homology 3 domain-containing proline-rich kinase with serine/threonine kinase activity". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (21): 15092–100. PMID8195146.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID9373149.
Tanaka S, Hanafusa H (1998). "Guanine-nucleotide exchange protein C3G activates JNK1 by a ras-independent mechanism. JNK1 activation inhibited by kinase negative forms of MLK3 and DLK mixed lineage kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (3): 1281–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.3.1281. PMID9430657.
Leung IW, Lassam N (1999). "Dimerization via tandem leucine zippers is essential for the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, MLK-3". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (49): 32408–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.49.32408. PMID9829970.
Merritt SE, Mata M, Nihalani D, Zhu C, Hu X, Holzman LB (1999). "The mixed lineage kinase DLK utilizes MKK7 and not MKK4 as substrate". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (15): 10195–202. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.15.10195. PMID10187804.
Böck BC, Vacratsis PO, Qamirani E, Gallo KA (2000). "Cdc42-induced activation of the mixed-lineage kinase SPRK in vivo. Requirement of the Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motif and changes in phosphorylation". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (19): 14231–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.19.14231. PMID10799501.
Leung IW, Lassam N (2001). "The kinase activation loop is the key to mixed lineage kinase-3 activation via both autophosphorylation and hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 phosphorylation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (3): 1961–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004092200. PMID11053428.
Svensson AC, Raudsepp T, Larsson C, Di Cristofano A, Chowdhary B, La Mantia G, Rask L, Andersson G (2001). "Chromosomal distribution, localization and expression of the human endogenous retrovirus ERV9". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 92 (1–2): 89–96. doi:10.1159/000056875. PMID11306803.
Zhang H, Gallo KA (2002). "Autoinhibition of mixed lineage kinase 3 through its Src homology 3 domain". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (49): 45598–603. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107176200. PMID11590155.
Lambert JM, Karnoub AE, Graves LM, Campbell SL, Der CJ (2002). "Role of MLK3-mediated activation of p70 S6 kinase in Rac1 transformation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (7): 4770–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109379200. PMID11713255.
Vacratsis PO, Phinney BS, Gage DA, Gallo KA (2002). "Identification of in vivo phosphorylation sites of MLK3 by mass spectrometry and phosphopeptide mapping". Biochemistry. 41 (17): 5613–24. doi:10.1021/bi016075c. PMID11969422.