Runyon classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The Runyon classification of nontuberculous mycobacteria based on the rate of growth, production of yellow pigment and whether this pigment was produced in the dark or only after exposure to light.^[1] It was introduced by Ernest Runyon in 1959.^[2] On these bases, the nontuberculous mycobacteria are divided into four Runyon groups. The first three groups (Runyon I, II, and III) are classified as slowly growing mycobacteria.

Runyon I: Photochromogens

Runyon I organisms are slow growing, and produce a yellow-orange pigment when exposed to light.

Mycobacterium intermedium
Mycobacterium simiae
Mycobacterium szulgai (photochromogenic when grown at 24 degrees and scotochromogenic at 37 degrees)

Yellow and smooth

Yellow and rough

Mycobacterium kansasii

Runyon II: Scotochromogens

Runyon II organisms are slow-growing and produce a yellow-orange pigment regardless of whether they are grown in the dark or the light.

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
Mycobacterium szulgai (photochromogenic when grown at 24 degrees and scotochromogenic at 37 degrees)

Yellow

Yellow-Orange

Rose-Pink

Mycobacterium hiberniae

Runyon III: Nonchromogens

Runyon III organisms are slow-growing and never produce pigment, regardless of culture conditions.

Rough

Smooth

Smooth to rough

Small and Transparent

Runyon IV: Rapid Growers

Runyon IV organisms are rapid growing for mycobacteria (colonies in 5 days). They do not produce pigment. Some rapidly growing mycobacteria are considered "late-pigmenting".^[3]

References

↑ Rogall T, Wolters J, Flohr T, Böttger EC (October 1990). "Towards a phylogeny and definition of species at the molecular level within the genus Mycobacterium". International journal of systematic bacteriology. 40 (4): 323–30. doi:10.1099/00207713-40-4-323. PMID 2275850.
↑ Runyon EH (January 1959). "Anonymous mycobacteria in pulmonary disease". The Medical clinics of North America. 43 (1): 273–90. PMID 13612432.
↑ Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace RJ (October 2002). "Clinical and taxonomic status of pathogenic nonpigmented or late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15 (4): 716–46. doi:10.1128/cmr.15.4.716-746.2002. PMC 126856. PMID 12364376.

[pmid2275850-1] Rogall T, Wolters J, Flohr T, Böttger EC (October 1990). "Towards a phylogeny and definition of species at the molecular level within the genus Mycobacterium". International journal of systematic bacteriology. 40 (4): 323–30. doi:10.1099/00207713-40-4-323. PMID 2275850.

[pmid13612432-2] Runyon EH (January 1959). "Anonymous mycobacteria in pulmonary disease". The Medical clinics of North America. 43 (1): 273–90. PMID 13612432.

[3] Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace RJ (October 2002). "Clinical and taxonomic status of pathogenic nonpigmented or late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15 (4): 716–46. doi:10.1128/cmr.15.4.716-746.2002. PMC 126856. PMID 12364376.

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