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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Gap junction alpha-4 protein,''' also known as '''Connexin-37''' or '''Cx37,''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GJA4'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9843209">{{cite journal | vauthors = Richard G, Smith LE, Bailey RA, Itin P, Hohl D, Epstein EH, DiGiovanna JJ, Compton JG, Bale SJ | title = Mutations in the human connexin gene GJB3 cause erythrokeratodermia variabilis | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 366–9 | date = December 1998 | pmid = 9843209 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/3840 }}</ref><ref name="pmid7680674">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reed KE, Westphale EM, Larson DM, Wang HZ, Veenstra RD, Beyer EC | title = Molecular cloning and functional expression of human connexin37, an endothelial cell gap junction protein | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 997–1004 | date = March 1993 | pmid = 7680674 | pmc = 288052 | doi = 10.1172/JCI116321 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GJA4 gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kDa| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2701| access-date = }}</ref>  This protein, like other [[Connexin]] proteins, forms connections between cells known as [[Gap junction|gap junctions]]. Connexin 37 can be found in many tissues including the [[ovary]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Winterhager E, Kidder GM | title = Gap junction connexins in female reproductive organs: implications for women's reproductive health | journal = Human Reproduction Update | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 340–52 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25667189 | doi = 10.1093/humupd/dmv007 }}</ref>, [[heart]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Duffy HS, Fort AG, Spray DC | title = Cardiac connexins: genes to nexus | journal = Advances in Cardiology | volume = 42 | pages = 1–17 | date = 2006 | pmid = 16646581 | doi = 10.1159/000092550 }}</ref>, and [[kidney]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hanner F, Sorensen CM, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Peti-Peterdi J | title = Connexins and the kidney | journal = American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology | volume = 298 | issue = 5 | pages = R1143-55 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20164205 | pmc = 2867516 | doi = 10.1152/ajpregu.00808.2009 }}</ref>.
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== References ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
{{reflist}}
| image = 
| image_source = 
| PDB =
| Name = Gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kDa
| HGNCid = 4278
| Symbol = GJA4
| AltSymbols =; CX37
| OMIM = 121012
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 1556
| MGIid = 95715
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GJA4_40687_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_GJA4_204904_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015285 |text = gap-junction channel activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005922 |text = connexon complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001568 |text = blood vessel development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007043 |text = intercellular junction assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007154 |text = cell communication}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2701
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000187513
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002051
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002060
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 35031186
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 35033935
    | Hs_Uniprot = P35212
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14612
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000050234
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008120
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032146
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 4
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 126813725
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 126816282
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3UPZ2
  }}
}}
'''Gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kDa''', also known as '''GJA4''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GJA4 gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kDa| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2701| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Further reading ==
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the connexin gene family. The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a route for the diffusion of low molecular weight materials from cell to cell. Mutations in this gene have been associated with atherosclerosis and a higher risk of myocardial infarction.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GJA4 gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kDa| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2701| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
 
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite book|author1=Andrew L Harris |author2=Darren Locke | title = Connexins, A Guide | publisher = Springer | year = 2009 | location = New York | pages = 574 | url = https://www.springer.com/978-1-934115-46-6  | isbn = 978-1-934115-46-6}}
| citations =  
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Beyer EC, Paul DL, Goodenough DA | title = Connexin family of gap junction proteins | journal = The Journal of Membrane Biology | volume = 116 | issue = 3 | pages = 187–94 | date = July 1990 | pmid = 2167375 | doi = 10.1007/BF01868459 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beyer EC, Paul DL, Goodenough DA |title=Connexin family of gap junction proteins. |journal=J. Membr. Biol. |volume=116 |issue= 3 |pages= 187-94 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2167375 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Haefliger JA, Bruzzone R, Jenkins NA, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Paul DL | title = Four novel members of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosome mapping | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 3 | pages = 2057–64 | date = January 1992 | pmid = 1370487 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Haefliger JA, Bruzzone R, Jenkins NA, ''et al.'' |title=Four novel members of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosome mapping. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 3 |pages= 2057-64 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1370487 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Risek B, Guthrie S, Kumar N, Gilula NB | title = Modulation of gap junction transcript and protein expression during pregnancy in the rat | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 110 | issue = 2 | pages = 269–82 | date = February 1990 | pmid = 1688855 | pmc = 2116004 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.110.2.269 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Risek B, Guthrie S, Kumar N, Gilula NB |title=Modulation of gap junction transcript and protein expression during pregnancy in the rat. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=110 |issue= 2 |pages= 269-82 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1688855 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Willecke K, Jungbluth S, Dahl E, Hennemann H, Heynkes R, Grzeschik KH | title = Six genes of the human connexin gene family coding for gap junctional proteins are assigned to four different human chromosomes | journal = European Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 275–80 | date = December 1990 | pmid = 1964417 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Willecke K, Jungbluth S, Dahl E, ''et al.'' |title=Six genes of the human connexin gene family coding for gap junctional proteins are assigned to four different human chromosomes. |journal=Eur. J. Cell Biol. |volume=53 |issue= 2 |pages= 275-80 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1964417 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Van Camp G, Coucke P, Speleman F, Van Roy N, Beyer EC, Oostra BA, Willems PJ | title = The gene for human gap junction protein connexin37 (GJA4) maps to chromosome 1p35.1, in the vicinity of D1S195 | journal = Genomics | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 402–3 | date = November 1995 | pmid = 8586454 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reed KE, Westphale EM, Larson DM, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and functional expression of human connexin37, an endothelial cell gap junction protein. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=91 |issue= 3 |pages= 997-1004 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7680674 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Krutovskikh V, Mironov N, Yamasaki H | title = Human connexin 37 is polymorphic but not mutated in tumours | journal = Carcinogenesis | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 1761–3 | date = August 1996 | pmid = 8761439 | doi = 10.1093/carcin/17.8.1761 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Van Camp G, Coucke P, Speleman F, ''et al.'' |title=The gene for human gap junction protein connexin37 (GJA4) maps to chromosome 1p35.1, in the vicinity of D1S195. |journal=Genomics |volume=30 |issue= 2 |pages= 402-3 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8586454 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Simon AM, Goodenough DA, Li E, Paul DL | title = Female infertility in mice lacking connexin 37 | journal = Nature | volume = 385 | issue = 6616 | pages = 525–9 | date = February 1997 | pmid = 9020357 | doi = 10.1038/385525a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Krutovskikh V, Mironov N, Yamasaki H |title=Human connexin 37 is polymorphic but not mutated in tumours. |journal=Carcinogenesis |volume=17 |issue= 8 |pages= 1761-3 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8761439 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Krenacs T, Rosendaal M | title = Connexin43 gap junctions in normal, regenerating, and cultured mouse bone marrow and in human leukemias: their possible involvement in blood formation | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 152 | issue = 4 | pages = 993–1004 | date = April 1998 | pmid = 9546360 | pmc = 1858239 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Simon AM, Goodenough DA, Li E, Paul DL |title=Female infertility in mice lacking connexin 37. |journal=Nature |volume=385 |issue= 6616 |pages= 525-9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9020357 |doi= 10.1038/385525a0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = van Rijen HV, van Kempen MJ, Postma S, Jongsma HJ | title = Tumour necrosis factor alpha alters the expression of connexin43, connexin40, and connexin37 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells | journal = Cytokine | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 258–64 | date = April 1998 | pmid = 9617570 | doi = 10.1006/cyto.1997.0287 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Krenacs T, Rosendaal M |title=Connexin43 gap junctions in normal, regenerating, and cultured mouse bone marrow and in human leukemias: their possible involvement in blood formation. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=152 |issue= 4 |pages= 993-1004 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9546360 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Boerma M, Forsberg L, Van Zeijl L, Morgenstern R, De Faire U, Lemne C, Erlinge D, Thulin T, Hong Y, Cotgreave IA | title = A genetic polymorphism in connexin 37 as a prognostic marker for atherosclerotic plaque development | journal = Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 246 | issue = 2 | pages = 211–8 | date = August 1999 | pmid = 10447790 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00564.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=van Rijen HV, van Kempen MJ, Postma S, Jongsma HJ |title=Tumour necrosis factor alpha alters the expression of connexin43, connexin40, and connexin37 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. |journal=Cytokine |volume=10 |issue= 4 |pages= 258-64 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9617570 |doi= 10.1006/cyto.1997.0287 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Saito T, Krutovskikh V, Marion MJ, Ishak KG, Bennett WP, Yamasaki H | title = Human hemangiosarcomas have a common polymorphism but no mutations in the connexin37 gene | journal = International Journal of Cancer | volume = 86 | issue = 1 | pages = 67–70 | date = April 2000 | pmid = 10728596 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(20000401)86:1<67::AID-IJC10>3.0.CO;2-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Richard G, Smith LE, Bailey RA, ''et al.'' |title=Mutations in the human connexin gene GJB3 cause erythrokeratodermia variabilis. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=20 |issue= 4 |pages= 366-9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9843209 |doi= 10.1038/3840 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Taira H, Tsunoda T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Sese J, Hata H, Ota T, Isogai T, Tanaka T, Morishita S, Okubo K, Sakaki Y, Nakamura Y, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Diverse transcriptional initiation revealed by fine, large-scale mapping of mRNA start sites | journal = EMBO Reports | volume = 2 | issue = 5 | pages = 388–93 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11375929 | pmc = 1083880 | doi = 10.1093/embo-reports/kve085 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Boerma M, Forsberg L, Van Zeijl L, ''et al.'' |title=A genetic polymorphism in connexin 37 as a prognostic marker for atherosclerotic plaque development. |journal=J. Intern. Med. |volume=246 |issue= 2 |pages= 211-8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10447790 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tsai MY, Lan KC, Huang KE, Huang FJ, Kung FT, Chang SY | title = Significance of mRNA levels of connexin37, connexin43, and connexin45 in luteinized granulosa cells of controlled hyperstimulated follicles | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 80 | issue = 6 | pages = 1437–43 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 14667880 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.05.015 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Saito T, Krutovskikh V, Marion MJ, ''et al.'' |title=Human hemangiosarcomas have a common polymorphism but no mutations in the connexin37 gene. |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=86 |issue= 1 |pages= 67-70 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10728596 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Seul KH, Kang KY, Lee KS, Kim SH, Beyer EC | title = Adenoviral delivery of human connexin37 induces endothelial cell death through apoptosis | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 319 | issue = 4 | pages = 1144–51 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15194487 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.097 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Taira H, Tsunoda T, ''et al.'' |title=Diverse transcriptional initiation revealed by fine, large-scale mapping of mRNA start sites. |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=2 |issue= 5 |pages= 388-93 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11375929 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kve085 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kameritsch P, Khandoga N, Nagel W, Hundhausen C, Lidington D, Pohl U | title = Nitric oxide specifically reduces the permeability of Cx37-containing gap junctions to small molecules | journal = Journal of Cellular Physiology | volume = 203 | issue = 1 | pages = 233–42 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15481066 | doi = 10.1002/jcp.20218 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tsai MY, Lan KC, Huang KE, ''et al.'' |title=Significance of mRNA levels of connexin37, connexin43, and connexin45 in luteinized granulosa cells of controlled hyperstimulated follicles. |journal=Fertil. Steril. |volume=80 |issue= 6 |pages= 1437-43 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14667880 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Seul KH, Kang KY, Lee KS, ''et al.'' |title=Adenoviral delivery of human connexin37 induces endothelial cell death through apoptosis. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=319 |issue= 4 |pages= 1144-51 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15194487 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.097 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kameritsch P, Khandoga N, Nagel W, ''et al.'' |title=Nitric oxide specifically reduces the permeability of Cx37-containing gap junctions to small molecules. |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=203 |issue= 1 |pages= 233-42 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15481066 |doi= 10.1002/jcp.20218 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{Ion channels|g4}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
{{gene-1-stub}}
 
[[Category:Connexins]]

Latest revision as of 18:20, 19 October 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Gap junction alpha-4 protein, also known as Connexin-37 or Cx37, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJA4 gene.[1][2][3] This protein, like other Connexin proteins, forms connections between cells known as gap junctions. Connexin 37 can be found in many tissues including the ovary[4], heart[5], and kidney[6].

References

  1. ↑ Richard G, Smith LE, Bailey RA, Itin P, Hohl D, Epstein EH, DiGiovanna JJ, Compton JG, Bale SJ (December 1998). "Mutations in the human connexin gene GJB3 cause erythrokeratodermia variabilis". Nature Genetics. 20 (4): 366–9. doi:10.1038/3840. PMID 9843209.
  2. ↑ Reed KE, Westphale EM, Larson DM, Wang HZ, Veenstra RD, Beyer EC (March 1993). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of human connexin37, an endothelial cell gap junction protein". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 91 (3): 997–1004. doi:10.1172/JCI116321. PMC 288052. PMID 7680674.
  3. ↑ "Entrez Gene: GJA4 gap junction protein, alpha 4, 37kDa".
  4. ↑ Winterhager E, Kidder GM (May 2015). "Gap junction connexins in female reproductive organs: implications for women's reproductive health". Human Reproduction Update. 21 (3): 340–52. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv007. PMID 25667189.
  5. ↑ Duffy HS, Fort AG, Spray DC (2006). "Cardiac connexins: genes to nexus". Advances in Cardiology. 42: 1–17. doi:10.1159/000092550. PMID 16646581.
  6. ↑ Hanner F, Sorensen CM, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Peti-Peterdi J (May 2010). "Connexins and the kidney". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 298 (5): R1143–55. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00808.2009. PMC 2867516. PMID 20164205.

Further reading

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