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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Activin receptor type-2B''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ACVR2B'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8161782">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hildén K, Tuuri T, Erämaa M, Ritvos O | title = Expression of type II activin receptor genes during differentiation of human K562 cells and cDNA cloning of the human type IIB activin receptor | journal = Blood | volume = 83 | issue = 8 | pages = 2163–70  | date = May 1994 | pmid = 8161782 | pmc =  | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="pmid9621519">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ishikawa S, Kai M, Murata Y, Tamari M, Daigo Y, Murano T, Ogawa M, Nakamura Y | title = Genomic organization and mapping of the human activin receptor type IIB (hActR-IIB) gene | journal = J. Hum. Genet. | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 132–4  | date = July 1998 | pmid = 9621519 | pmc = | doi = 10.1007/s100380050054 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACVR2B activin A receptor, type IIB| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=93| accessdate = }}</ref>  ACVR2B is an [[activin type 2 receptor]].
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_ACVR2B_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1nys.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1nys}}, {{PDB2|1nyu}}, {{PDB2|1s4y}}, {{PDB2|2h62}}, {{PDB2|2h64}}
| Name = Activin A receptor, type IIB
| HGNCid = 174
| Symbol = ACVR2B
| AltSymbols =; ActR-IIB; MGC116908
| OMIM = 602730
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 863
| MGIid = 87912
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ACVR2B_220028_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000287 |text = magnesium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004702 |text = receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004712 |text = protein threonine/tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005024 |text = transforming growth factor beta receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016362 |text = activin receptor activity, type II}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019838 |text = growth factor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030145 |text = manganese ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048185 |text = activin binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009986 |text = cell surface}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007178 |text = transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007368 |text = determination of left/right symmetry}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007498 |text = mesoderm development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007507 |text = heart development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009952 |text = anterior/posterior pattern formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042475 |text = odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045449 |text = regulation of transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048276 |text = gastrulation (sensu Vertebrata)}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048617 |text = embryonic foregut morphogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 93
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000114739
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001097
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001106
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 38470814
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 38499869
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q13705
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 11481
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000061393
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007397
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031423
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 119251215
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 119282213
    | Mm_Uniprot = P27040
  }}
}}
{{Protbox
  |Name=Activin receptor type 2B
  |Domains= [[TS domain]], [[S/T domain]]
  |Taxa = ''[[Homo sapiens]]''; homologs: many [[metazoan]] [[phylum (biology)|phyla]]
  |Catalytic_activity=[[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] + (receptor-protein) = [[Adenosine diphosphate|ADP]] + (receptor-protein) phosphate
  |Cofactors=[[Magnesium]] or [[manganese]]
}}
'''Activin A receptor, type IIB''', also known as '''ACVR2B''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACVR2B activin A receptor, type IIB| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=93| accessdate = }}</ref>  ACVR2B is an [[activin type 2 receptor]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type II receptor.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ACVR2B activin A receptor, type IIB| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=93| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
[[Activin]]s are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the [[transforming growth factor-beta]] (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of [[receptor protein serine/threonine kinase|receptor serine kinases]] which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with [[cysteine]]-rich region, a [[transmembrane domain]], and a [[cytoplasmic]] domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in [[phosphorylation]] of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type II receptor.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
== Interactions ==
 
ACVR2B has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[ACVR1B]]<ref name = pmid8622651>{{cite journal | vauthors = Attisano L, Wrana JL, Montalvo E, Massagué J | title = Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 1066–73  | date = March 1996 | pmid = 8622651 | pmc = 231089 | doi =  }}</ref><ref name = pmid8612709>{{cite journal | vauthors = De Winter JP, De Vries CJ, Van Achterberg TA, Ameerun RF, Feijen A, Sugino H, De Waele P, Huylebroeck D, Verschueren K, Van Den Eijden-Van Raaij AJ | title = Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors | journal = Exp. Cell Res. | volume = 224 | issue = 2 | pages = 323–34  | date = May 1996 | pmid = 8612709 | doi = 10.1006/excr.1996.0142 }}</ref> and [[SYNJ2BP]].<ref name = pmid11882656>{{cite journal | vauthors = Matsuzaki T, Hanai S, Kishi H, Liu Z, Bao Y, Kikuchi A, Tsuchida K, Sugino H | title = Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent pathway | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 21 | pages = 19008–18  | date = May 2002 | pmid = 11882656 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M112472200 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{UCSC gene info|ACVR2B}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Burdine RD, Schier AF | title = Conserved and divergent mechanisms in left-right axis formation | journal = Genes Dev. | volume = 14 | issue = 7 | pages = 763–76 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10766733 | doi =  }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = De Winter JP, De Vries CJ, Van Achterberg TA, Ameerun RF, Feijen A, Sugino H, De Waele P, Huylebroeck D, Verschueren K, Van Den Eijden-Van Raaij AJ | title = Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors | journal = Exp. Cell Res. | volume = 224 | issue = 2 | pages = 323–34 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8612709 | doi = 10.1006/excr.1996.0142 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Burdine RD, Schier AF |title=Conserved and divergent mechanisms in left-right axis formation. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=14 |issue= 7 |pages= 763-76 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10766733 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Attisano L, Wrana JL, Montalvo E, Massagué J | title = Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 1066–73 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8622651 | pmc = 231089 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hildén K, Tuuri T, Erämaa M, Ritvos O |title=Expression of type II activin receptor genes during differentiation of human K562 cells and cDNA cloning of the human type IIB activin receptor. |journal=Blood |volume=83 |issue= 8 |pages= 2163-70 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8161782 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nishitoh H, Ichijo H, Kimura M, Matsumoto T, Makishima F, Yamaguchi A, Yamashita H, Enomoto S, Miyazono K | title = Identification of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors for growth/differentiation factor-5 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 35 | pages = 21345–52 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8702914 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.35.21345 }}
*{{cite journal | author=De Winter JP, De Vries CJ, Van Achterberg TA, ''et al.'' |title=Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=224 |issue= 2 |pages= 323-34 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8612709 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Martens JW, de Winter JP, Timmerman MA, McLuskey A, van Schaik RH, Themmen AP, de Jong FH | title = Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 138 | issue = 7 | pages = 2928–36 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9202237 | doi = 10.1210/endo.138.7.5250 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Attisano L, Wrana JL, Montalvo E, Massagué J |title=Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 3 |pages= 1066-73 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8622651 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Macías-Silva M, Hoodless PA, Tang SJ, Buchwald M, Wrana JL | title = Specific activation of Smad1 signaling pathways by the BMP7 type I receptor, ALK2 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 40 | pages = 25628–36 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9748228 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.40.25628 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nishitoh H, Ichijo H, Kimura M, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors for growth/differentiation factor-5. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 35 |pages= 21345-52 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8702914 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kosaki R, Gebbia M, Kosaki K, Lewin M, Bowers P, Towbin JA, Casey B | title = Left-right axis malformations associated with mutations in ACVR2B, the gene for human activin receptor type IIB | journal = Am. J. Med. Genet. | volume = 82 | issue = 1 | pages = 70–6 | year = 1999 | pmid = 9916847 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990101)82:1<70::AID-AJMG14>3.0.CO;2-Y }}
*{{cite journal | author=Martens JW, de Winter JP, Timmerman MA, ''et al.'' |title=Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=138 |issue= 7 |pages= 2928-36 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9202237 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lee S, Alexander J, Blowes R, Ingram D, Milner AD | title = Determination of resonance frequency of the respiratory system in respiratory distress syndrome | journal = Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. | volume = 80 | issue = 3 | pages = F198-202 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10212081 | pmc = 1720943 | doi = 10.1136/fn.80.3.F198 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ishikawa S, Kai M, Murata Y, ''et al.'' |title=Genomic organization and mapping of the human activin receptor type IIB (hActR-IIB) gene. |journal=J. Hum. Genet. |volume=43 |issue= 2 |pages= 132-4 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9621519 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ | title = Regulation of anterior/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth/differentiation factor 11 | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 260–4 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10391213 | doi = 10.1038/10320 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Macías-Silva M, Hoodless PA, Tang SJ, ''et al.'' |title=Specific activation of Smad1 signaling pathways by the BMP7 type I receptor, ALK2. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 40 |pages= 25628-36 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9748228 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bondestam J, Horelli-Kuitunen N, Hildén K, Ritvos O, Aaltonen J | title = Assignment of ACVR2 and ACVR2B the human activin receptor type II and IIB genes to chromosome bands 2q22.2-->q23.3 and 3p22 and the human follistatin gene (FST) to chromosome 5q11.2 by FISH | journal = Cytogenet. Cell Genet. | volume = 87 | issue = 3-4 | pages = 219–20 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10702675 | doi = 10.1159/000015429 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kosaki R, Gebbia M, Kosaki K, ''et al.'' |title=Left-right axis malformations associated with mutations in ACVR2B, the gene for human activin receptor type IIB. |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. |volume=82 |issue= 1 |pages= 70-6 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9916847 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chapman SC, Woodruff TK | title = Modulation of activin signal transduction by inhibin B and inhibin-binding protein (INhBP) | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 668–79 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11266516 | doi = 10.1210/me.15.4.668 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lee S, Alexander J, Blowes R, ''et al.'' |title=Determination of resonance frequency of the respiratory system in respiratory distress syndrome. |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. |volume=80 |issue= 3 |pages= F198-202 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10212081 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wurthner JU, Frank DB, Felici A, Green HM, Cao Z, Schneider MD, McNally JG, Lechleider RJ, Roberts AB | title = Transforming growth factor-beta receptor-associated protein 1 is a Smad4 chaperone | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 22 | pages = 19495–502 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11278302 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M006473200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ |title=Regulation of anterior/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth/differentiation factor 11. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=22 |issue= 3 |pages= 260-4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10391213 |doi= 10.1038/10320 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Parks WT, Frank DB, Huff C, Renfrew Haft C, Martin J, Meng X, de Caestecker MP, McNally JG, Reddi A, Taylor SI, Roberts AB, Wang T, Lechleider RJ | title = Sorting nexin 6, a novel SNX, interacts with the transforming growth factor-beta family of receptor serine-threonine kinases | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 22 | pages = 19332–9 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11279102 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M100606200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bondestam J, Horelli-Kuitunen N, Hildén K, ''et al.'' |title=Assignment of ACVR2 and ACVR2B the human activin receptor type II and IIB genes to chromosome bands 2q22.2-->q23.3 and 3p22 and the human follistatin gene (FST) to chromosome 5q11.2 by FISH. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=87 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 219-20 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10702675 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Choi KC, Kang SK, Nathwani PS, Cheng KW, Auersperg N, Leung PC | title = Differential expression of activin/inhibin subunit and activin receptor mRNAs in normal and neoplastic ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) | journal = Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | volume = 174 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 99–110 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11306176 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00447-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chapman SC, Woodruff TK |title=Modulation of activin signal transduction by inhibin B and inhibin-binding protein (INhBP). |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=15 |issue= 4 |pages= 668-79 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11266516 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lee SJ, McPherron AC | title = Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 98 | issue = 16 | pages = 9306–11 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11459935 | pmc = 55416 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.151270098 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wurthner JU, Frank DB, Felici A, ''et al.'' |title=Transforming growth factor-beta receptor-associated protein 1 is a Smad4 chaperone. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 22 |pages= 19495-502 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11278302 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M006473200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Matsuzaki T, Hanai S, Kishi H, Liu Z, Bao Y, Kikuchi A, Tsuchida K, Sugino H | title = Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent pathway | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 21 | pages = 19008–18 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11882656 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M112472200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Parks WT, Frank DB, Huff C, ''et al.'' |title=Sorting nexin 6, a novel SNX, interacts with the transforming growth factor-beta family of receptor serine-threonine kinases. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 22 |pages= 19332-9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11279102 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M100606200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schneider-Kolsky ME, Manuelpillai U, Waldron K, Dole A, Wallace EM | title = The distribution of activin and activin receptors in gestational tissues across human pregnancy and during labour | journal = Placenta | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 294–302 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11969340 | doi = 10.1053/plac.2002.0787 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Choi KC, Kang SK, Nathwani PS, ''et al.'' |title=Differential expression of activin/inhibin subunit and activin receptor mRNAs in normal and neoplastic ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=174 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 99-110 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11306176 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lee SJ, McPherron AC |title=Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 16 |pages= 9306-11 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11459935 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.151270098 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Matsuzaki T, Hanai S, Kishi H, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent pathway. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 21 |pages= 19008-18 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11882656 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M112472200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Schneider-Kolsky ME, Manuelpillai U, Waldron K, ''et al.'' |title=The distribution of activin and activin receptors in gestational tissues across human pregnancy and during labour. |journal=Placenta |volume=23 |issue= 4 |pages= 294-302 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11969340 |doi= 10.1053/plac.2002.0787 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 19:14, 5 July 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Activin receptor type-2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2B gene.[1][2][3] ACVR2B is an activin type 2 receptor.

Function

Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type II receptor.[3]

Interactions

ACVR2B has been shown to interact with ACVR1B[4][5] and SYNJ2BP.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Hildén K, Tuuri T, Erämaa M, Ritvos O (May 1994). "Expression of type II activin receptor genes during differentiation of human K562 cells and cDNA cloning of the human type IIB activin receptor". Blood. 83 (8): 2163–70. PMID 8161782.
  2. ↑ Ishikawa S, Kai M, Murata Y, Tamari M, Daigo Y, Murano T, Ogawa M, Nakamura Y (July 1998). "Genomic organization and mapping of the human activin receptor type IIB (hActR-IIB) gene". J. Hum. Genet. 43 (2): 132–4. doi:10.1007/s100380050054. PMID 9621519.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: ACVR2B activin A receptor, type IIB".
  4. ↑ Attisano L, Wrana JL, Montalvo E, Massagué J (March 1996). "Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (3): 1066–73. PMC 231089. PMID 8622651.
  5. ↑ De Winter JP, De Vries CJ, Van Achterberg TA, Ameerun RF, Feijen A, Sugino H, De Waele P, Huylebroeck D, Verschueren K, Van Den Eijden-Van Raaij AJ (May 1996). "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors". Exp. Cell Res. 224 (2): 323–34. doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0142. PMID 8612709.
  6. ↑ Matsuzaki T, Hanai S, Kishi H, Liu Z, Bao Y, Kikuchi A, Tsuchida K, Sugino H (May 2002). "Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (21): 19008–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112472200. PMID 11882656.

External links

Further reading

  • Burdine RD, Schier AF (2000). "Conserved and divergent mechanisms in left-right axis formation". Genes Dev. 14 (7): 763–76. PMID 10766733.
  • De Winter JP, De Vries CJ, Van Achterberg TA, Ameerun RF, Feijen A, Sugino H, De Waele P, Huylebroeck D, Verschueren K, Van Den Eijden-Van Raaij AJ (1996). "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. receptors". Exp. Cell Res. 224 (2): 323–34. doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0142. PMID 8612709.
  • Attisano L, Wrana JL, Montalvo E, Massagué J (1996). "Activation of signalling by the activin receptor complex". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (3): 1066–73. PMC 231089. PMID 8622651.
  • Nishitoh H, Ichijo H, Kimura M, Matsumoto T, Makishima F, Yamaguchi A, Yamashita H, Enomoto S, Miyazono K (1996). "Identification of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors for growth/differentiation factor-5". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (35): 21345–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.35.21345. PMID 8702914.
  • Martens JW, de Winter JP, Timmerman MA, McLuskey A, van Schaik RH, Themmen AP, de Jong FH (1997). "Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells". Endocrinology. 138 (7): 2928–36. doi:10.1210/endo.138.7.5250. PMID 9202237.
  • Macías-Silva M, Hoodless PA, Tang SJ, Buchwald M, Wrana JL (1998). "Specific activation of Smad1 signaling pathways by the BMP7 type I receptor, ALK2". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 25628–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.40.25628. PMID 9748228.
  • Kosaki R, Gebbia M, Kosaki K, Lewin M, Bowers P, Towbin JA, Casey B (1999). "Left-right axis malformations associated with mutations in ACVR2B, the gene for human activin receptor type IIB". Am. J. Med. Genet. 82 (1): 70–6. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990101)82:1<70::AID-AJMG14>3.0.CO;2-Y. PMID 9916847.
  • Lee S, Alexander J, Blowes R, Ingram D, Milner AD (1999). "Determination of resonance frequency of the respiratory system in respiratory distress syndrome". Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 80 (3): F198–202. doi:10.1136/fn.80.3.F198. PMC 1720943. PMID 10212081.
  • McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ (1999). "Regulation of anterior/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth/differentiation factor 11". Nat. Genet. 22 (3): 260–4. doi:10.1038/10320. PMID 10391213.
  • Bondestam J, Horelli-Kuitunen N, Hildén K, Ritvos O, Aaltonen J (1999). "Assignment of ACVR2 and ACVR2B the human activin receptor type II and IIB genes to chromosome bands 2q22.2-->q23.3 and 3p22 and the human follistatin gene (FST) to chromosome 5q11.2 by FISH". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 87 (3–4): 219–20. doi:10.1159/000015429. PMID 10702675.
  • Chapman SC, Woodruff TK (2001). "Modulation of activin signal transduction by inhibin B and inhibin-binding protein (INhBP)". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (4): 668–79. doi:10.1210/me.15.4.668. PMID 11266516.
  • Wurthner JU, Frank DB, Felici A, Green HM, Cao Z, Schneider MD, McNally JG, Lechleider RJ, Roberts AB (2001). "Transforming growth factor-beta receptor-associated protein 1 is a Smad4 chaperone". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19495–502. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006473200. PMID 11278302.
  • Parks WT, Frank DB, Huff C, Renfrew Haft C, Martin J, Meng X, de Caestecker MP, McNally JG, Reddi A, Taylor SI, Roberts AB, Wang T, Lechleider RJ (2001). "Sorting nexin 6, a novel SNX, interacts with the transforming growth factor-beta family of receptor serine-threonine kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19332–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100606200. PMID 11279102.
  • Choi KC, Kang SK, Nathwani PS, Cheng KW, Auersperg N, Leung PC (2001). "Differential expression of activin/inhibin subunit and activin receptor mRNAs in normal and neoplastic ovarian surface epithelium (OSE)". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 174 (1–2): 99–110. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00447-0. PMID 11306176.
  • Lee SJ, McPherron AC (2001). "Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (16): 9306–11. doi:10.1073/pnas.151270098. PMC 55416. PMID 11459935.
  • Matsuzaki T, Hanai S, Kishi H, Liu Z, Bao Y, Kikuchi A, Tsuchida K, Sugino H (2002). "Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (21): 19008–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112472200. PMID 11882656.
  • Schneider-Kolsky ME, Manuelpillai U, Waldron K, Dole A, Wallace EM (2002). "The distribution of activin and activin receptors in gestational tissues across human pregnancy and during labour". Placenta. 23 (4): 294–302. doi:10.1053/plac.2002.0787. PMID 11969340.


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