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==Overview==
==Overview==
Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapment of the embryonal ectodermal cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, hair follicles, teeth and sebaceous glands.<ref name=bm>{{Citation |last=Joseph Schuetz |first=Maurice |last= Elsheikh |first=Tarik |year=2002 |title=Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum |publisher=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |publication-place= Muncie, IN |page=97-99 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0097%3ADCMCTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref> Acquired dermoid cysts may result from iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.<ref name="pmid21922020">{{cite journal| author=Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P| title=Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports. | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue=  | pages= 362170 | pmid=21922020 | doi=10.1155/2011/362170 | pmc=PMC3172983 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21922020  }} </ref><ref name=bm>Dermoid cyst.Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 22, 2016. </ref> On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.<ref name=bm>{{Citation |first=Maurice |last= Elsheikh |first=Tarik |last=Joseph Schuetz |year=2002 |title=Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum |publisher=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |publication-place= Muncie, IN |page=97-99 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0097%3ADCMCTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref> On microscopic histopathological analysis, fibro collagenous cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.<ref>Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.</ref><ref name="pmid23508636">{{cite journal| author=Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V| title=Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2013 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-4 | pmid=23508636 | doi=10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50 | pmc=PMC3596585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23508636  }} </ref>
Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapment of the [[embryonal]] [[ectoderm]]al cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, hair follicles, teeth and [[sebaceous gland]]s.<ref name=bm>{{Citation |last=Joseph Schuetz |first=Maurice |last= Elsheikh |first=Tarik |year=2002 |title=Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum |publisher=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |publication-place= Muncie, IN |page=97-99 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0097%3ADCMCTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref> Acquired dermoid cysts may result from [[iatrogenic]] or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.<ref name="pmid21922020">{{cite journal| author=Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P| title=Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports. | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue=  | pages= 362170 | pmid=21922020 | doi=10.1155/2011/362170 | pmc=PMC3172983 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21922020  }} </ref><ref name=bm>Dermoid cyst.Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 22, 2016. </ref> On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.<ref name=bm>{{Citation |first=Maurice |last= Elsheikh |first=Tarik |last=Joseph Schuetz |year=2002 |title=Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum |publisher=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |publication-place= Muncie, IN |page=97-99 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0097%3ADCMCTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref> On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[fibro collagenous cysts]] lined by [[stratified squamous epithelium]], with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and [[sebaceous gland]]s are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.<ref>Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.</ref><ref name="pmid23508636">{{cite journal| author=Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V| title=Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2013 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-4 | pmid=23508636 | doi=10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50 | pmc=PMC3596585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23508636  }} </ref>


==Pathogenesis==
==Pathogenesis==
*Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapment of the embryonal ectodermal cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, teeth and sebaceous glands.<ref name=bm>{{Citation |last=Joseph Schuetz |first=Maurice |last= Elsheikh |first=Tarik |year=2002 |title=Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum |publisher=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |publication-place= Muncie, IN |page=97-99 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0097%3ADCMCTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref>
*Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapment of the embryonal [[ectodermal]] cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, teeth and [[sebaceous gland]]s.<ref name=bm>{{Citation |last=Joseph Schuetz |first=Maurice |last= Elsheikh |first=Tarik |year=2002 |title=Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum |publisher=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |publication-place= Muncie, IN |page=97-99 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0097%3ADCMCTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref>
*Dermoid cysts occur in the embryonic lines of fusion. The majority of cases are reported in the midline of the body, particularly in the ovaries and testis.<ref name="pmid21922020">{{cite journal| author=Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P| title=Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports. | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue=  | pages= 362170 | pmid=21922020 | doi=10.1155/2011/362170 | pmc=PMC3172983 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21922020  }} </ref>
*Dermoid cysts occur in the embryonic lines of fusion. The majority of cases are reported in the midline of the body, particularly in the [[ovaries]] and [[testis]].<ref name="pmid21922020">{{cite journal| author=Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P| title=Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports. | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue=  | pages= 362170 | pmid=21922020 | doi=10.1155/2011/362170 | pmc=PMC3172983 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21922020  }} </ref>


===Spinal Dermoid Cysts===
===Spinal Dermoid Cysts===
*Spinal dermoid cysts arise from the embryonal ectodermal cells that are arrested within the spinal canal at the time of neural tube closure during development.<ref name="pmid23508636">{{cite journal| author=Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V| title=Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2013 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-4 | pmid=23508636 | doi=10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50 | pmc=PMC3596585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23508636  }} </ref>
*Spinal dermoid cysts arise from the embryonal [[ectodermal]] cells that are arrested within the spinal canal at the time of [[neural tube]] closure during development.<ref name="pmid23508636">{{cite journal| author=Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V| title=Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2013 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-4 | pmid=23508636 | doi=10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50 | pmc=PMC3596585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23508636  }} </ref>
*Spinal dermoid cysts are usually located in the lumbosacral region (60%) and rarely located in the upper thoracic (10%) and cervical regions (5%).<ref name="pmid17160798">{{cite journal| author=Altay H, Kitiş O, Calli C, Yünten N| title=A spinal dermoid tumor that ruptured into the subarachnoidal space and syrinx cavity. | journal=Diagn Interv Radiol | year= 2006 | volume= 12 | issue= 4 | pages= 171-3 | pmid=17160798 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17160798  }} </ref>  
*Spinal dermoid cysts are usually located in the lumbosacral region (60%) and rarely located in the upper thoracic (10%) and cervical regions (5%).<ref name="pmid17160798">{{cite journal| author=Altay H, Kitiş O, Calli C, Yünten N| title=A spinal dermoid tumor that ruptured into the subarachnoidal space and syrinx cavity. | journal=Diagn Interv Radiol | year= 2006 | volume= 12 | issue= 4 | pages= 171-3 | pmid=17160798 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17160798  }} </ref>  


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*Intracranial dermoid cysts are usually located in the midline, although they can occur on any side.  
*Intracranial dermoid cysts are usually located in the midline, although they can occur on any side.  
*The most common locations include:
*The most common locations include:
**Posterior fossa / vermis
**Posterior fossa / [[vermis]]
**Suprasellar / subfrontal
**Suprasellar / subfrontal


===Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth===
===Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth===
*The pathogenesis of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth is hypothesized into the following three theories:<ref name="pmid21922020">{{cite journal| author=Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P| title=Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports. | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue=  | pages= 362170 | pmid=21922020 | doi=10.1155/2011/362170 | pmc=PMC3172983 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21922020  }} </ref><ref name=bm>Dermoid cyst.Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 22, 2016. </ref>
*The pathogenesis of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth is hypothesized into the following three theories:<ref name="pmid21922020">{{cite journal| author=Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P| title=Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports. | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue=  | pages= 362170 | pmid=21922020 | doi=10.1155/2011/362170 | pmc=PMC3172983 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21922020  }} </ref><ref name=bm>Dermoid cyst.Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 22, 2016. </ref>
**Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth arise from the entrapped embryonic ectodermal cells in the third or fourth week of embryonic life during the midline fusion of the first and second branchial arches.
**Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth arise from the entrapped embryonic [[ectodermal]] cells in the third or fourth week of [[embryonic]] life during the midline fusion of the first and second [[branchial arch]]es.
**The second theory is that the acquired cysts may result from iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.  
**The second theory is that the acquired cysts may result from [[iatrogenic]] or traumatic implantation of the [[epithelial cell]]s that subsequently grow.  
**The last theory is that the cysts of the floor of the mouth are a thyroglossal anomaly with predominantly ectodermal components.  
**The last theory is that the cysts of the floor of the mouth are a [[thyroglossal]] anomaly with predominantly [[ectodermal]] components.  


==Gross pathology==
==Gross pathology==
*On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.<ref name=bm>{{Citation |first=Maurice |last= Elsheikh |first=Tarik |last=Joseph Schuetz |year=2002 |title=Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum |publisher=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |publication-place= Muncie, IN |page=97-99 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0097%3ADCMCTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref>
*On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing [[sebaceous gland]]s, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.<ref name=bm>{{Citation |first=Maurice |last= Elsheikh |first=Tarik |last=Joseph Schuetz |year=2002 |title=Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum |publisher=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |publication-place= Muncie, IN |page=97-99 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0097%3ADCMCTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref>


===Gallery===
===Gallery===
Line 40: Line 40:


==Microscopic Pathology==
==Microscopic Pathology==
On microscopic histopathological analysis, fibro collagenous cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.<ref>Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.</ref><ref name="pmid23508636">{{cite journal| author=Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V| title=Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2013 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-4 | pmid=23508636 | doi=10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50 | pmc=PMC3596585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23508636  }} </ref>
On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[fibro collagenous cyst]]s lined by [[stratified squamous epithelium]], with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and [[sebaceous gland]]s are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.<ref>Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.</ref><ref name="pmid23508636">{{cite journal| author=Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V| title=Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2013 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-4 | pmid=23508636 | doi=10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50 | pmc=PMC3596585 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23508636  }} </ref>


===Gallery===
===Gallery===

Revision as of 13:51, 23 February 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [3]

Overview

Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapment of the embryonal ectodermal cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, hair follicles, teeth and sebaceous glands.[1] Acquired dermoid cysts may result from iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.[2][1] On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[1] On microscopic histopathological analysis, fibro collagenous cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[3][4]

Pathogenesis

  • Dermoid cyst arises from the entrapment of the embryonal ectodermal cells during the fetal development and are generally formed of skin, hair follicles, teeth and sebaceous glands.[1]
  • Dermoid cysts occur in the embryonic lines of fusion. The majority of cases are reported in the midline of the body, particularly in the ovaries and testis.[2]

Spinal Dermoid Cysts

  • Spinal dermoid cysts arise from the embryonal ectodermal cells that are arrested within the spinal canal at the time of neural tube closure during development.[4]
  • Spinal dermoid cysts are usually located in the lumbosacral region (60%) and rarely located in the upper thoracic (10%) and cervical regions (5%).[5]

Intracranial Dermoid Cysts

  • Intracranial dermoid cysts are usually located in the midline, although they can occur on any side.
  • The most common locations include:
    • Posterior fossa / vermis
    • Suprasellar / subfrontal

Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth

  • The pathogenesis of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth is hypothesized into the following three theories:[2][1]
    • Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth arise from the entrapped embryonic ectodermal cells in the third or fourth week of embryonic life during the midline fusion of the first and second branchial arches.
    • The second theory is that the acquired cysts may result from iatrogenic or traumatic implantation of the epithelial cells that subsequently grow.
    • The last theory is that the cysts of the floor of the mouth are a thyroglossal anomaly with predominantly ectodermal components.

Gross pathology

  • On gross pathology, uniloculated cysts lined by skin, containing sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and teeth are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[1]

Gallery

  • Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.[6]

    Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.[6]

  • Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.[6]

    Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.[6]

  • The macroscopic image of the surgical extract of a submental dermoid cyst with clear evidence of cystic formation containing smegma and hair, indicative of a dermoid cyst.[2]

    The macroscopic image of the surgical extract of a submental dermoid cyst with clear evidence of cystic formation containing smegma and hair, indicative of a dermoid cyst.[2]

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, fibro collagenous cysts lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with epidermal appendages such as hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands are characteristic findings of dermoid cysts.[7][4]

Gallery

  • Cyst with keratinized squamous epithelium and adnexal structures in wall.[2]

    Cyst with keratinized squamous epithelium and adnexal structures in wall.[2]

  • Keratinizing squamous epithelium with distinct granular layer with a sebaceous gland in the cyst wall.[2]

    Keratinizing squamous epithelium with distinct granular layer with a sebaceous gland in the cyst wall.[2]

  • Pathology of a sublingual cyst showing orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with a flat epithelial-connective tissue interface lining the cystic cavity, sebaceous glands, and hair, along with copious sebaceous material.[8]

    Pathology of a sublingual cyst showing orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with a flat epithelial-connective tissue interface lining the cystic cavity, sebaceous glands, and hair, along with copious sebaceous material.[8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Elsheikh, Tarik (2002), Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma) of the Cecum, Muncie, IN: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, p. 97-99, retrieved February 2, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P (2011). "Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports". Case Rep Med. 2011: 362170. doi:10.1155/2011/362170. PMC 3172983. PMID 21922020.
  3. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V (2013). "Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]". Asian Spine J. 7 (1): 50–4. doi:10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50. PMC 3596585. PMID 23508636.
  5. ↑ Altay H, Kitiş O, Calli C, Yünten N (2006). "A spinal dermoid tumor that ruptured into the subarachnoidal space and syrinx cavity". Diagn Interv Radiol. 12 (4): 171–3. PMID 17160798.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Image courtesy of Frank GaillardRadiopaedia (original filehere). [1] CreativeCommons BY-SANC
  7. ↑ Intracranial dermoid cyst. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1 Accessed on February 18, 2016.
  8. ↑ Ohta N, Watanabe T, Ito T, Kubota T, Suzuki Y, Ishida A; et al. (2012). "A case of sublingual dermoid cyst: extending the limits of the oral approach". Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2012: 634949. doi:10.1155/2012/634949. PMC 3465894. PMID 23056976.


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