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==2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Post-procedural Antiplatelet Therapy <ref name="pmid22070837">{{cite journal |author=Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH |title=2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=58 |issue=24 |pages=2550–83 |year=2011 |month=December|pmid=22070837 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.006 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(11)02875-0 |accessdate=2011-12-08|url=http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/reprint/58/24/2550.pdf|PDF}}</ref>== | ==2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Post-procedural Antiplatelet Therapy <ref name="pmid22070837">{{cite journal |author=Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH |title=2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=58 |issue=24 |pages=2550–83 |year=2011 |month=December|pmid=22070837 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.006 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(11)02875-0 |accessdate=2011-12-08|url=http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/reprint/58/24/2550.pdf|PDF}}</ref>== | ||
===Post-procedural Antiplatelet Therapy=== | |||
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Revision as of 16:56, 19 December 2011
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Guidelines Microchapters |
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PCI Approaches: |
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CAD Revascularization: |
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Pre-procedural Considerations: |
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Procedural Considerations: |
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Post-Procedural Considerations: |
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Quality and Performance Considerations: |
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Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) |
For patient information click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Approximately 850,000 PCIs are performed each year in the United States.
Classification of Recommendations and Level of Evidence
Classification of Recommendations:
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Level of Evidence:
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2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: CAD Revascularization [1]
Heart Team Approach to Revascularization Decisions
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Class I1. A Heart Team approach to revascularization is recommended in patients with unprotected left main or complex CAD. [2][3][4] (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIa1. Calculation of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and SYNTAX (Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery) scores is reasonable in patients with unprotected left main and complex CAD. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] (Level of Evidence: B) |
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Revascularization to Improve Survival: Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
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Class I1. CABG to improve survival is recommended for patients with significant (greater than or equal to 50% diameter stenosis) left main coronary artery stenosis. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIa1. PCI to improve survival is reasonable as an alternative to CABG in selected stable patients with significant (greater than or equal to 50% diameter stenosis) unprotected left main CAD with:
2. PCI to improve survival is reasonable in patients with UA/NSTEMI when an unprotected left main coronary artery is the culprit lesion and the patient is not a candidate for CABG. [8][25][37][27][28][33][34][35][36][38] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. PCI to improve survival is reasonable in patients with acute STEMI when an unprotected left main coronary artery is the culprit lesion, distal coronary flow is less than TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) grade 3, and PCI can be performed more rapidly and safely than CABG. [22][39][40] (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIb1. PCI to improve survival may be reasonable as an alternative to CABG in selected stable patients with significant (greater than or equal to 50% diameter stenosis) unprotected left main CAD with:
Class III1. PCI to improve survival should not be performed in stable patients with significant (greater than or equal to 50% diameter stenosis) unprotected left main CAD who have unfavorable anatomy for PCI and who are good candidates for CABG. [5][7][8][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] (Level of Evidence: B) |
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Revascularization to Improve Survival: Non-Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
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Class I1. CABG to improve survival is beneficial in patients with significant (greater than or equal to 70% diameter) stenoses in 3 major coronary arteries (with or without involvement of the proximal left anterior descending LAD) or in the proximal LAD plus 1 other major coronary artery. [14][18][42][43][44][45] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. CABG or PCI to improve survival is beneficial in survivors of sudden cardiac death with presumed ischemia-mediated ventricular tachycardia caused by significant (greater than or equal to 70% diameter) stenosis in a major coronary artery. (CABG (Level of Evidence: B) [46][47][48]; PCI (Level of Evidence: C) [46]) Class IIa1. CABG to improve survival is reasonable in patients with significant (greater than or equal to 70% diameter) stenoses in 2 major coronary arteries with severe or extensive myocardial ischemia (e.g., high-risk criteria on stress testing, abnormal intra-coronary hemodynamic evaluation, or greater than 20% perfusion defect by myocardial perfusion stress imaging) or target vessels supplying a large area of viable myocardium. [49][50][51][52] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. CABG to improve survival is reasonable in patients with mild-moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction 35% to 50%) and significant (greater than or equal to 70% diameter stenosis) multivessel CAD or proximal LAD coronary artery stenosis, when viable myocardium is present in the region of intended revascularization. [18][53][54][55][56][57] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. CABG with a left internal mammary artery graft to improve survival is reasonable in patients with significant (greater than or equal to 70% diameter) stenosis in the proximal LAD artery and evidence of extensive ischemia. [18][45][58][59] (Level of Evidence: B) 4. It is reasonable to choose CABG over PCI to improve survival in patients with complex 3-vessel CAD (e.g., SYNTAX score greater than 22) with or without involvement of the proximal LAD artery who are good candidates for CABG. [45][60][21][19][61] (Level of Evidence: B) 5. CABG is probably recommended in preference to PCI to improve survival in patients with multivessel CAD and diabetes mellitus, particularly if a left internal mammary artery graft can be anastomosed to the LAD artery. [51][62][63][64][61][65][66][67][68] (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb1. The usefulness of CABG to improve survival is uncertain in patients with significant (greater than or equal to 70%) stenoses in 2 major coronary arteries not involving the proximal LAD artery and without extensive ischemia. [45] (Level of Evidence: C) 2. The usefulness of PCI to improve survival is uncertain in patients with 2- or 3-vessel CAD (with or without involvement of the proximal LAD artery) or 1-vessel proximal LAD disease. [14][42][45][69] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. CABG might be considered with the primary or sole intent of improving survival in patients with stable ischemic heart disease with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction less than 35%) whether or not viable myocardium is present. [18][53][54][55][56][57][70][71] (Level of Evidence: B) 4. The usefulness of CABG or PCI to improve survival is uncertain in patients with previous CABG and extensive anterior wall ischemia on noninvasive testing. [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. CABG or PCI should not be performed with the primary or sole intent to improve survival in patients with stable ischemic heart disease with 1 or more coronary stenoses that are not anatomically or functionally significant (e.g., greater than 70% diameter non–left main coronary artery stenosis, fractional flow reserve 0.80, no or only mild ischemia on noninvasive testing), involve only the left circumflex or right coronary artery, or subtend only a small area of viable myocardium. [18][42][49][50][81][82][83][84][85] (Level of Evidence: B) |
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Revascularization to Improve Symptoms
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Class I1. CABG or PCI to improve symptoms is beneficial in patients with 1 or more significant (greater than 70% diameter) coronary artery stenoses amenable to revascularization and unacceptable angina despite guideline-directed medical therapy. [69][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] (Level of Evidence: A) Class IIa1. CABG or PCI to improve symptoms is reasonable in patients with 1 or more significant (greater than 70% diameter) coronary artery stenoses and unacceptable angina for whom guideline-directed medical therapy cannot be implemented because of medication contraindications, adverse effects, or patient preferences. (Level of Evidence: C) 2. PCI to improve symptoms is reasonable in patients with previous CABG, 1 or more significant (greater than 70% diameter) coronary artery stenoses associated with ischemia, and unacceptable angina despite guideline-directed medical therapy. [73][76][79] (Level of Evidence: C) 3. It is reasonable to choose CABG over PCI to improve symptoms in patients with complex 3-vessel CAD (e.g., SYNTAX score greater than 22), with or without involvement of the proximal LAD artery who are good candidates for CABG. [21][19][60][61] (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb1. CABG to improve symptoms might be reasonable for patients with previous CABG, 1 or more significant (greater than 70% diameter) coronary artery stenoses not amenable to PCI, and unacceptable angina despite guideline-directed medical therapy. [80] (Level of Evidence: C) 2. Transmyocardial laser revascularization performed as an adjunct to CABG to improve symptoms may be reasonable in patients with viable ischemic myocardium that is perfused by arteries that are not amenable to grafting. [96][97][98][99][100] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. CABG or PCI to improve symptoms should not be performed in patients who do not meet anatomic (greater than 50% left main or greater than 70% non–left main stenosis) or physiological (e.g., abnormal fractional flow reserve) criteria for revascularization. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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Clinical factors that may influence the choice of revascularization: Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Compliance and Stent Thrombosis
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Class III1. PCI with coronary stenting (BMS or DES) should not be performed if the patient is not likely to be able to tolerate and comply with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for the appropriate duration of treatment based on the type of stent implanted. [101][102][103][104] (Level of Evidence: B) |
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Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
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Class IIa1. Hybrid coronary revascularization (defined as the planned combination of left internal mammary artery-to-LAD artery grafting and PCI of ≥1 non-LAD coronary arteries) is reasonable in patients with 1 or more of the following: [105][106][107][108][109][110][111]
Class IIb1. Hybrid coronary revascularization (defined as the planned combination of left internal mammary artery-to-LAD artery grafting and PCI of ≥1 non-LAD coronary arteries) may be reasonable as an alternative to multivessel PCI or CABG in an attempt to improve the overall risk-benefit ratio of the procedures. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Pre-procedural Considerations [1]
Radiation Safety
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Class I1. Cardiac catheterization laboratories should routinely record relevant available patient procedural radiation dose data (e.g., total air kerma at the international reference point [Ka,r], air kerma air product [PKA], fluoroscopy time, number of cine images), and should define thresholds with corresponding follow-up protocols for patients who receive a high procedural radiation dose. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
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Class I1. 1. Patients should be assessed for risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury before PCI.[112][113] (Level of Evidence: C) 2. Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization with contrast media should receive adequate preparatory hydration.[114][115][116][117] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (creatinine clearance ≤60 mL/min), the volume of contrast media should be minimized.[118][119][120] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. Administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine is not useful for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.[121][122][123][124][125] (Level of Evidence: A) |
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Anaphylactoid Reactions
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Class I1. Patients with prior evidence of an anaphylactoid reaction to contrast media should receive appropriate steroid and antihistamine prophylaxis before repeat contrast administration.[126][127][128][129] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. In patients with a prior history of allergic reactions to shellfish or seafood, anaphylactoid prophylaxis for contrast reaction is not beneficial.[130][131][132] (Level of Evidence: C) |
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Statin Treatment
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Class IIa1. Administration of a high-dose statin is reasonable before PCI to reduce the risk of peri-procedural myocardial infarction. (Level of Evidence: A for statin-naïve patients) [133][134][135][136][137][138][139]; (Level of Evidence: B for those on chronic statin therapy) [140] |
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Bleeding Risk
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Class I1. All patients should be evaluated for risk of bleeding before PCI. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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Role of Onsite Surgical Backup
Primary PCI in Hospitals Without On-Site Surgical Backup
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Class IIa1. Primary PCI is reasonable in hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery, provided that appropriate planning for program development has been accomplished.[141][142] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. Primary or elective PCI should not be performed in hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery capabilities without a proven plan for rapid transport to a cardiac surgery operating room in a nearby hospital or without appropriate hemodynamic support capability for transfer. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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Elective PCI in Hospitals Without On-Site Surgical Backup
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Class IIb1. Elective PCI might be considered in hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery, provided that appropriate planning for program development has been accomplished and rigorous clinical and angiographic criteria are used for proper patient selection.[142][143][144] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. Primary or elective PCI should not be performed in hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery capabilities without a proven plan for rapid transport to a cardiac surgery operating room in a nearby hospital or without appropriate hemodynamic support capability for transfer. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Procedural Considerations [1]
Vascular Access
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Class IIa1. The use of radial artery access can be useful to decrease access site complications.[145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153] (Level of Evidence: A) |
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PCI in patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (SIHD)
Patients With Asymptomatic Ischemia or CCS Class I or II Angina
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Class IIa1. PCI is reasonable in patients with asymptomatic ischemia or CCS class I or II angina and with 1 or more significant lesions in 1 or 2 coronary arteries suitable for PCI with a high likelihood of success and a low risk of morbidity and mortality. The vessels to be dilated must subtend a moderate to large area of viable myocardium or be associated with a moderate to severe degree of ischemia on noninvasive testing. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. PCI is reasonable for patients with asymptomatic ischemia or CCS class I or II angina, and recurrent stenosis after PCI with a large area of viable myocardium or high-risk criteria on noninvasive testing. (Level of Evidence: C) 3. Use of PCI is reasonable in patients with asymptomatic ischemia or CCS class I or II angina with significant left main CAD (greater than 50% diameter stenosis) who are candidates for revascularization but are not eligible for CABG. (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb1. The effectiveness of PCI for patients with asymptomatic ischemia or CCS class I or II angina who have 2- or 3-vessel disease with significant proximal LAD CAD who are otherwise eligible for CABG with 1 arterial conduit and who have treated diabetes or abnormal LV function is not well established. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. PCI might be considered for patients with asymptomatic ischemia or CCS class I or II angina with non-proximal LAD CAD that subtends a moderate area of viable myocardium and demonstrates ischemia on noninvasive testing. (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. PCI is not recommended in patients with asymptomatic ischemia or CCS class I or II angina who do not meet the criteria as listed under the class II recommendations or who have 1 or more of the following:
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Patients With CCS Class III Angina
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Class IIa1. It is reasonable that PCI be performed in patients with CCS class III angina and single-vessel or multi-vessel CAD who are undergoing medical therapy and who have 1 or more significant lesions in 1 or more coronary arteries suitable for PCI with a high likelihood of success and low risk of morbidity or mortality. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. It is reasonable that PCI be performed in patients with CCS class III angina with single-vessel or multi-vessel CAD who are undergoing medical therapy with focal saphenous vein graft lesions or multiple stenoses who are poor candidates for reoperative surgery. (Level of Evidence: C) 3. Use of PCI is reasonable in patients with CCS class III angina with significant left main CAD (greater than 50% diameter stenosis) who are candidates for revascularization but are not eligible for CABG. (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb1. PCI may be considered in patients with CCS class III angina with single-vessel or multivessel CAD who are undergoing medical therapy and who have 1 or more lesions to be dilated with a reduced likelihood of success. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. PCI may be considered in patients with CCS class III angina and no evidence of ischemia on noninvasive testing or who are undergoing medical therapy and have 2- or 3-vessel CAD with significant proximal LAD CAD and treated diabetes or abnormal LV function. (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. PCI is not recommended for patients with CCS class III angina with single-vessel or multivessel CAD, no evidence of myocardial injury or ischemia on objective testing, and no trial of medical therapy, or who have 1 of the following:
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PCI in patients with Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
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Class I1. An early invasive strategy (i.e., diagnostic angiography with intent to perform revascularization) is indicated in UA/NSTEMI patients who have refractory angina or hemodynamic or electrical instability (without serious comorbidities or contraindications to such procedures).[155][156][157] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. An early invasive strategy (i.e., diagnostic angiography with intent to perform revascularization) is indicated in initially stabilized UA/NSTEMI patients (without serious comorbidities or contraindications to such procedures) who have an elevated risk for clinical events.[156][157][158][159] (Level of Evidence: A) 3. The selection of PCI or CABG as the means of revascularization in the patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) should generally be based on the same considerations as those without ACS.[42][157][160][161] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. An early invasive strategy (i.e., diagnostic angiography with intent to perform revascularization) is not recommended in patients with extensive co-morbidities (e.g., liver or pulmonary failure, cancer) in whom:
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PCI in patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Coronary Angiography Strategies in STEMI
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Class I1. A strategy of immediate coronary angiography with intent to perform PCI (or emergency CABG) in patients with STEMI is recommended for:
Class IIa1. A strategy of immediate coronary angiography (or transfer for immediate coronary angiography) with intent to perform PCI is reasonable for patients with STEMI, a moderate to large area of myocardium at risk, and evidence of failed fibrinolysis.[168][169] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. A strategy of coronary angiography (or transfer for coronary angiography) 3 to 24 hours after initiating fibrinolytic therapy with intent to perform PCI is reasonable for hemodynamically stable patients with STEMI and evidence for successful fibrinolysis when angiography and revascularization can be performed as soon as logistically feasible in this time frame.[170][171][172][173][174] (Level of Evidence: A) Class IIb1. A strategy of coronary angiography performed before hospital discharge might be reasonable in stable patients with STEMI who did not undergo cardiac catheterization within 24 hours of STEMI onset. (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. A strategy of coronary angiography with intent to perform PCI is not recommended in patients with STEMI in whom the risks of revascularization are likely to outweigh the benefits or when the patient or designee does not want invasive care. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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Primary PCI of the Infarct Artery
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Class I1. Primary PCI should be performed in patients within 12 hours of onset of STEMI.[162][163][164][165] (Level of Evidence: A) 2. Primary PCI should be performed in patients with STEMI presenting to a hospital with Primary PCI capability within 90 minutes of first medical contact as a systems goal.[175][176] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. Primary PCI should be performed in patients with STEMI presenting to a hospital without Primary PCI capability within 120 minutes of first medical contact as a systems goal.[177][178][179] (Level of Evidence: B) 4. Primary PCI should be performed in patients with STEMI who develop severe heart failure or cardiogenic shock and are suitable candidates for revascularization as soon as possible, irrespective of time delay.[166][167] (Level of Evidence: B) 5. Primary PCI should be performed as soon as possible in patients with STEMI and contraindications to fibrinolytic therapy with ischemic symptoms for less than 12 hours.[180][181] (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIa1. Primary PCI is reasonable in patients with STEMI if there is clinical and/or electrocardiographic evidence of ongoing ischemia between 12 and 24 hours after symptom onset.[182][183][184] (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb1. Primary PCI might be considered in asymptomatic patients with STEMI and higher risk presenting between 12 and 24 hours after symptom onset. (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Primary PCI should not be performed in a non-infarct artery at the time of Primary PCI in patients with STEMI without hemodynamic compromise.[185][184][186][187][188] (Level of Evidence: B) |
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Delayed or Elective PCI in Patients with STEMI
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Class IIa1. PCI is reasonable in patients with STEMI and clinical evidence for fibrinolytic failure or infarct artery reocclusion.[168][169] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. PCI is reasonable in patients with STEMI and a patent infarct artery 3 to 24 hours after fibrinolytic therapy.[173][174] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. PCI is reasonable in patients with STEMI who demonstrate ischemia on noninvasive testing.[189][190] (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb1. PCI of a hemodynamically significant stenosis in a patent infarct artery greater than 24 hours after STEMI may be considered as part of an invasive strategy.[191][192][193][194][195] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. PCI of a totally occluded infarct artery greater than 24 hours after STEMI should not be performed in asymptomatic patients with 1- or 2-vessel disease if patients are hemodynamically and electrically stable and do not have evidence of severe ischemia.[196][197][198] (Level of Evidence: B) |
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Patients With STEMI: General and Specific Considerations
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Class I1. If immediately available, primary PCI should be performed in patients with STEMI (including true posterior MI) or MI with new or presumably new left bundle-branch block who can undergo PCI of the infarct artery within 12 hours of symptom onset, if performed in a timely fashion (balloon inflation goal within 90 minutes of presentation) by persons skilled in the procedure (individuals who perform more than 75 PCI procedures per year, ideally at least 11 PCIs per year for STEMI). The procedure should be supported by experienced personnel in an appropriate laboratory environment (one that performs more than 200 PCI procedures per year, of which at least 36 are primary PCI for STEMI, and that has cardiac surgery capability). (Level of Evidence: A) Primary PCI should be performed as quickly as possible, with a goal of a medical contact-to-balloon or door-to-balloon time within 90 minutes. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. Primary PCI should be performed for patients less than 75 years old with ST elevation or presumably new left bundle-branch block who develop shock within 36 hours of MI and are suitable for revascularization that can be performed within 18 hours of shock, unless further support is futile because of the patient’s wishes or contraindications/unsuitability for further invasive care. (Level of Evidence: A) 3. Primary PCI should be performed in patients with severe congestive heart failure and/or pulmonary edema (Killip class 3) and onset of symptoms within 12 hours. The medical contact-to-balloon or door-to balloon time should be as short as possible (i.e., goal within 90 minutes). (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIa1. Primary PCI is reasonable for selected patients 75 years or older with ST elevation or left bundle-branch block or who develop shock within 36 hours of MI and are suitable for revascularization that can be performed within 18 hours of shock. Patients with good prior functional status who are suitable for revascularization and agree to invasive care may be selected for such an invasive strategy. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. It is reasonable to perform primary PCI for patients with onset of symptoms within the prior 12 to 24 hours and 1 or more of the following:
Class IIb1. The benefit of primary PCI for STEMI patients eligible for fibrinolysis when performed by an operator who performs fewer than 75 PCI procedures per year (or fewer than 11 PCIs for STEMI per year) is not well established. (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Elective PCI should not be performed in a non-infarct-related artery at the time of primary PCI of the infarct related artery in patients without hemodynamic compromise. (Level of Evidence: C) 2. Primary PCI should not be performed in asymptomatic patients more than 12 hours after onset of STEMI who are hemodynamically and electrically stable. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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PCI in Fibrinolytic-Ineligible Patients
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Class I1. Primary PCI should be performed in fibrinolytic-ineligible patients who present with STEMI within 12 hours of symptom onset. (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIa1. It is reasonable to perform primary PCI for fibrinolytic-ineligible patients with onset of symptoms within the prior 12 to 24 hours and 1 or more of the following:
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Facilitated PCI
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Class IIb1. Facilitated PCI might be performed as a reperfusion strategy in higher-risk patients when PCI is not immediately available and bleeding risk is low. (Level of Evidence: B) |
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Rescue PCI (PCI After Failed Fibrinolysis)
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Class I1. Rescue PCI should be performed in patients less than 75 years old with ST elevation or left bundle-branch block who develop shock within 36 hours of MI and are suitable for revascularization that can be performed within 18 hours of shock, unless further support is futile because of the patient’s wishes or contraindications/unsuitability for further invasive care. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. Rescue PCI should be performed in patients with severe congestive heart failure and/or pulmonary edema (Killip class 3) and onset of symptoms within 12 hours. (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIa1. Rescue PCI is reasonable for selected patients 75 years or older with ST elevation or left bundle-branch block or who develop shock within 36 hours of MI and are suitable for revascularization that can be performed within 18 hours of shock. Patients with good prior functional status who are suitable for revascularization and agree to invasive care may be selected for such an invasive strategy. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. It is reasonable to perform rescue PCI for patients with 1 or more of the following:
Class III1. Rescue PCI in the absence of 1 or more of the above class I or IIa indications is not recommended. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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PCI After Successful Fibrinolysis or for Patients Not Undergoing Primary Reperfusion
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Class I1. In patients whose anatomy is suitable, PCI should be performed when there is objective evidence of recurrent MI. (Level of Evidence: C) 2. In patients whose anatomy is suitable, PCI should be performed for moderate or severe spontaneous or provocable myocardial ischemia during recovery from STEMI. (Level of Evidence: B) 3. In patients whose anatomy is suitable, PCI should be performed for cardiogenic shock or hemodynamic instability. (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIa1. It is reasonable to perform routine PCI in patients with LV ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.40, heart failure, or serious ventricular arrhythmias. (Level of Evidence: C) 2. It is reasonable to perform PCI when there is documented clinical heart failure during the acute episode, even though subsequent evaluation shows preserved LV function (LV ejection fraction greater than 0.40). (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIb1. PCI might be considered as part of an invasive strategy after fibrinolytic therapy. (Level of Evidence: C) |
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PCI in patients with Cardiogenic Shock
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Class I1. PCI is recommended for patients with acute myocardial infarction who develop cardiogenic shock and are suitable candidates.[167][199][200][201] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. A hemodynamic support device is recommended for patients with cardiogenic shock after STEMI who do not quickly stabilize with pharmacological therapy.[167][202][203][204][205] (Level of Evidence: B) |
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PCI in patients with Prior Coronary Bypass Surgery
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Class I1. When technically feasible, PCI should be performed in patients with early ischemia (usually within 30 days) after CABG. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. It is recommended that distal embolic protection devices be used when technically feasible in patients undergoing PCI to saphenous vein grafts. (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIa1. PCI is reasonable in patients with ischemia that occurs 1 to 3 years after CABG and who have preserved LV function with discrete lesions in graft conduits. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. PCI is reasonable in patients with disabling angina secondary to new disease in a native coronary circulation after CABG. (If angina is not typical, objective evidence of ischemia should be obtained.) (Level of Evidence: B) 3. PCI is reasonable in patients with diseased vein grafts more than 3 years after CABG. (Level of Evidence: B) 4. PCI is reasonable when technically feasible in patients with a patent left internal mammary artery graft who have clinically significant obstructions in other vessels. (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. PCI is not recommended in patients with prior CABG for chronic total vein graft occlusions. (Level of Evidence: B) 2. PCI is not recommended in patients who have multiple target lesions with prior CABG and who have multi-vessel disease, failure of multiple SVGs, and impaired LV function unless repeat CABG poses excessive risk due to severe comorbid conditions. (Level of Evidence: B) |
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Revascularization Before Non-cardiac Surgery
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Class IIa1. 1. For patients who require PCI and are scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery in the subsequent 12 months, a strategy of balloon angioplasty, or BMS implantation followed by 4 to 6 weeks of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), is reasonable.[206][207][208][209][210][211][212] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. For patients with drug eluting stent (DES) who must undergo urgent surgical procedures that mandate the discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), it is reasonable to continue aspirin if possible and restart the P2Y12 inhibitor as soon as possible in the immediate postoperative period.[208][213] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Routine prophylactic coronary revascularization should not be performed in patients with stable CAD before noncardiac surgery.[214][215] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. Elective non-cardiac surgery should not be performed in the 4 to 6 weeks after balloon angioplasty or BMS implantation or the 12 months after DES implantation in patients in whom the P2Y12 inhibitor will need to be discontinued peri-operatively.[101][211][209][216] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Coronary Stents
| “ |
Class I1. Before implantation of drug eluting stent (DES), the interventional cardiologist should discuss with the patient the need for and duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and the ability of the patient to comply with and tolerate DAPT.[217] (Level of Evidence: C) 2. Drug eluting stent (DES) are useful as an alternative to BMS to reduce the risk of restenosis in cases in which the risk of restenosis is increased and the patient is likely to be able to tolerate and comply with prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). For elective PCI [218][219][220][221][222] (Level of Evidence: A); for UA/NSTEMI [220] (Level of Evidence: C); for STEMI [220][221][223][224][225] (Level of Evidence: A). 3. Balloon angioplasty or BMS should be used in patients with high bleeding risk, inability to comply with 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), or anticipated invasive or surgical procedures within the next 12 months, during which time dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) may be interrupted.[101][226][227][228] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. PCI with coronary stenting should not be performed if the patient is not likely to be able to tolerate and comply with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).[101][102][103] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. Drug eluting stent (DES) should not be implanted if the patient is not likely to be able to tolerate and comply with prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) or this cannot be determined before stent implantation.[101][226][227][228] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Adjunctive Diagnostic Devices [1]
Fractional Flow Reserve
| “ |
Class IIa1. Fractional flow reserve is reasonable to assess angiographic intermediate coronary lesions (50% to 70% diameter stenosis) and can be useful for guiding revascularization decisions in patients with Sudden ischemic heart disease (SIHD).[84][229][230][231][232] (Level of Evidence: A) |
” |
Intravascular Ultrasound
| “ |
Class IIa1. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is reasonable for the assessment of angiographically indeterminant left main CAD.[233][234][235] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. IVUS and coronary angiography are reasonable 4 to 6 weeks and 1 year after cardiac transplantation to exclude donor CAD, detect rapidly progressive cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and provide prognostic information.[236][237][238] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. IVUS is reasonable to determine the mechanism of stent restenosis. [239] (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIb1. IVUS may be reasonable for the assessment of non–left main coronary arteries with angiographically intermediate coronary stenoses (50% to 70% diameter stenosis).[233][240][241] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. IVUS may be considered for guidance of coronary stent implantation, particularly in cases of left main coronary artery stenting.[234][239][242] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. IVUS may be reasonable to determine the mechanism of stent thrombosis.[239] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. IVUS for routine lesion assessment is not recommended when revascularization with PCI or CABG is not being contemplated. (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Adjunctive Therapeutic Devices [1]
Coronary Atherectomy
| “ |
Class IIa1. Rotational atherectomy is reasonable for fibrotic or heavily calcified lesions that might not be crossed by a balloon catheter or adequately dilated before stent implantation. [243][244] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Rotational atherectomy should not be performed routinely for de-novo lesions or in-stent restenosis. [245][246][247][248] (Level of Evidence: A) |
” |
Thrombectomy
| “ |
Class IIa1. Aspiration thrombectomy is reasonable for patients undergoing primary PCI. [249][250][251] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Laser Angioplasty
| “ |
Class IIb1. Laser angioplasty might be considered for fibrotic or moderately calcified lesions that cannot be crossed or dilated with conventional balloon angioplasty. [252] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Laser angioplasty should not be used routinely during PCI. [245][247][253] (Level of Evidence: A) |
” |
Cutting Balloon Angioplasty
| “ |
Class IIb1. Cutting balloon angioplasty might be considered to avoid slippage induced coronary artery trauma during PCI for in-stent restenosis or ostial lesions in side branches. [254] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Cutting balloon angioplasty should not be performed routinely during PCI. [245][254][255] (Level of Evidence: A) |
” |
Embolic Protection Devices
| “ |
Class IIb1. Embolic protection devices should be used during saphenous vein graft PCI when technically feasible.[256][257][258][259] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Percutaneous Hemodynamic Support Devices [1]
| “ |
Class IIb1. Elective insertion of an appropriate hemodynamic support device as an adjunct to PCI may be reasonable in carefully selected high-risk patients. (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Antiplatelet Therapy [1]
Oral Antiplatelet Therapy
| “ |
Class I1. Patients already taking daily aspirin therapy should take 81 mg to 325 mg before PCI.[260][261][262] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. Patients not on aspirin therapy should be given non-enteric aspirin 325 mg before PCI.[260][262] (Level of Evidence: B) 3. After PCI, use of aspirin should be continued indefinitely.[263][264][265][266] (Level of Evidence: A) 4. A loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor should be given to patients undergoing PCI with stenting.[267][268][269][270][271] (Level of Evidence: A) Options include:
5. The loading dose of clopidogrel for patients undergoing PCI after fibrinolytic therapy should be 300 mg within 24 hours and 600 mg more than 24 hours after receiving fibrinolytic therapy.[268][272] (Level of Evidence: C) 6. Patients should be counseled on the need for and risks of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) before placement of intra-coronary stents, especially drug eluting stents (DES), and alternative therapies should be pursued if patients are unwilling or unable to comply with the recommended duration of dual antiplatelet therapy.[101] (Level of Evidence: C) 7. The duration of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor therapy after stent implantation should generally be as follows:
Class IIa1. After PCI, it is reasonable to use aspirin 81 mg per day in preference to higher maintenance doses.[261][276][277][278][279] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. If the risk of morbidity from bleeding outweighs the anticipated benefit afforded by a recommended duration of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor therapy after stent implantation, earlier discontinuation (e.g.,less than 12 months) of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor therapy is reasonable. (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIb1. Continuation of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 12 months may be considered in patients undergoing drug eluting stent (DES) implantation.[270][271] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Prasugrel should not be administered to patients with a prior history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.[270] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Intravenous Antiplatelet Therapy: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
Intravenous Antiplatelet Therapy: Unstable Angina / Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (UA/NSTEMI)
| “ |
Class I1. In UA/NSTEMI patients with high-risk features (e.g., elevated troponin level) not treated with bivalirudin and not adequately pre-treated with clopidogrel, it is useful at the time of PCI to administer a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab, double-bolus eptifibatide, or high-bolus dose tirofiban) in patients treated with unfractionated heparin therapy (UFH).[309][310][311][312][313][314] (Level of Evidence: A) Class IIa1. In UA/NSTEMI patients with high-risk features (e.g., elevated troponin level) treated with unfractionated heparin therapy (UFH) and adequately pretreated with clopidogrel, it is reasonable at the time of PCI to administer a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab, double-bolus eptifibatide, or high-bolus dose tirofiban).[312][315] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Intravenous Antiplatelet Therapy: Sudden Ischemia Heart Disease (SIHD)
| “ |
Class IIa1. In patients undergoing elective PCI treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and not pretreated with clopidogrel, it is reasonable to administer a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab, double-bolus eptifibatide, or high-bolus dose tirofiban).[315][316][317] (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb1. In patients undergoing elective PCI with stent implantation treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and adequately pretreated with clopidogrel, it might be reasonable to administer a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab, double-bolus eptifibatide, or high-bolus dose tirofiban).[315][318][319][320] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Anticoagulant Therapy [1]
Use of Parenteral Anticoagulants during PCI
| “ |
Class I1. An anticoagulant should be administered to patients undergoing PCI. (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Unfractionated Heparin
| “ |
Class I1. Administration of intravenous UFH is useful in patients undergoing PCI. (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Enoxaparin
| “ |
Class I1. An additional dose of 0.3 mg/kg intravenous enoxaparin should be administered at the time of PCI to patients who have received fewer than 2 therapeutic subcutaneous doses (e.g., 1 mg/kg) or received the last subcutaneous enoxaparin dose 8 to 12 hours before PCI.[321][322][323][324][325] (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb1. Performance of PCI with enoxaparin may be reasonable in patients either treated with upstream subcutaneous enoxaparin for UA/NSTEMI or who have not received prior antithrombin therapy and are administered intravenous enoxaparin at the time of PCI.[326][327][321][328] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) should not be given to patients already receiving therapeutic subcutaneous enoxaparin.[321][329] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Bivalirudin and Argatoban
| “ |
Class I1. For patients undergoing PCI, bivalirudin is useful as an anticoagulant with or without prior treatment with unfractionated heparin (UFH).[330][331][332][333][334][335][336][337][338] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. For patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, it is recommended that bivalirudin or argatroban be used to replace unfractionated heparin (UFH).[339][340] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Fondaparinux
| “ |
Class III1. Fondaparinux should not be used as the sole anticoagulant to support PCI. An additional anticoagulant with anti-IIa activity should be administered because of the risk of catheter thrombosis.[341][342] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
No-Reflow Pharmacological Therapies
| “ |
Class IIa1. Administration of an intracoronary vasodilator (adenosine, calcium channel blocker, or nitroprusside) is reasonable to treat PCI-related no-reflow that occurs during primary or elective PCI.[343][344][345][346][347][348][349][350][351][352][353][354][355][356][357][358] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: PCI in Specific Anatomic Situations [1]
Chronic Total Occlusions
| “ |
Class IIa1. PCI of a chronic total occlusion in patients with appropriate clinical indications and suitable anatomy is reasonable when performed by operators with appropriate expertise.[359][360][361][362][363] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Saphenous Vein Grafts
| “ |
Class I1. Embolic protection devices should be used during saphenous vein graft PCI when technically feasible.[256][257][258][259] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. Platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors are not beneficial as adjunctive therapy during saphenous vein graft PCI.[217][274][364][365] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. PCI is not recommended for chronic saphenous vein graft occlusions.[366][367][368] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Bifurcation Lesions
| “ |
Class I1. Provisional side-branch stenting should be the initial approach in patients with bifurcation lesions when the side branch is not large and has only mild or moderate focal disease at the ostium.[369][370][371][372] (Level of Evidence: A) Class IIa1. It is reasonable to use elective double stenting in patients with complex bifurcation morphology involving a large side branch where the risk of side-branch occlusion is high and the likelihood of successful side-branch reaccess is low.[373][374][375][376] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Aorto-Ostial Stenoses
| “ |
Class IIa1. IVUS is reasonable for the assessment of angiographically indeterminant left main CAD.[377][378] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. Use of DES is reasonable when PCI is indicated in patients with an aorto-ostial stenosis.[379][380] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
Calcified Lesions
| “ |
Class IIa1. Rotational atherectomy is reasonable for fibrotic or heavily calcified lesions that might not be crossed by a balloon catheter or adequately dilated before stent implantation.[243][244][381] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: PCI in Specific Patient Population [1]
Chronic Kidney Disease
| “ |
Class I1. In patients undergoing PCI, the glomerular filtration rate should be estimated and the dosage of renally cleared medications should be adjusted.[382][383][384] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Peri-procedural Myocardial Infarction Assessment [1]
Peri-procedural Myocardial Infarction Assessment
| “ |
Class I1. In patients who have signs or symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction during or after PCI or in asymptomatic patients with significant persistent angiographic complications (e.g., large side-branch occlusion, flow-limiting dissection, no reflow phenomenon, or coronary thrombosis), creatinine kinase-MB and troponin I or T should be measured. (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIb1. Routine measurement of cardiac biomarkers (creatinine kinase-MB and/or troponin I or T). (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Vascular Closure Devices [1]
Vascular Closure Devices
| “ |
Class I1. Patients considered for vascular closure devices should undergo a femoral angiogram to ensure their anatomic suitability for deployment. (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIa1. The use of vascular closure devices is reasonable for the purposes of achieving faster hemostasis and earlier ambulation compared with the use of manual compression.[385][386][387][388] (Level of Evidence: B) Class III1. The routine use of vascular closure devices is not recommended for the purpose of decreasing vascular complications, including bleeding.[385][386][387][388][389][390] (Level of Evidence: B) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Post-procedural Antiplatelet Therapy [1]
Post-procedural Antiplatelet Therapy
| “ |
Class I1. After PCI, use of aspirin should be continued indefinitely.[263][264][266][265] (Level of Evidence: A) 2. The duration of P2Y12 inhibitor therapy after stent implantation should generally be as follows:
P2Y12 inhibitor therapy should be given for at least 12 months. Options include clopidogrel 75 mg daily [273], prasugrel 10 mg daily [270], and ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily.[271] (Level of Evidence: B)
3. Patients should be counseled on the importance of compliance with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and that therapy should not be discontinued before discussion with their cardiologist.[101] (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIa1. After PCI, it is reasonable to use aspirin 81 mg per day in preference to higher maintenance doses.[261][276][277][278][279] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. If the risk of morbidity from bleeding outweighs the anticipated benefit afforded by a recommended duration of P2Y12 inhibitor therapy after stent implantation, earlier discontinuation (e.g., less than 12 months) of P2Y12 inhibitor therapy is reasonable. (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Continuation of clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor beyond 12 months may be considered in patients undergoing placement of drug eluting stent (DES).[270][271] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Anti-platelet Therapy
| “ |
Class I1. Proton pump inhibitors should be used in patients with a history of prior gastrointestinal bleeding who require dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).[391] (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIa1. Use of proton pump inhibitors is reasonable in patients with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (e.g., advanced age, concomitant use of warfarin, steroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, Helicobacter pylori infection) who require dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).[391] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Routine use of a proton pump inhibitor is not recommended for patients at low risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, who have much less potential to benefit from prophylactic therapy.[391] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Clopidogrel Genetic Testing
| “ |
Class IIb1. Genetic testing might be considered to identify whether a patient at high risk for poor clinical outcomes is predisposed to inadequate platelet inhibition with clopidogrel.[392] (Level of Evidence: C) 2. When a patient predisposed to inadequate platelet inhibition with clopidogrel is identified by genetic testing, treatment with an alternate P2Y12 inhibitor (e.g., prasugrel or ticagrelor) might be considered.[392] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. The routine clinical use of genetic testing to screen patients treated with clopidogrel who are undergoing PCI is not recommended.[392] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Platelet Function Testing
| “ |
Class IIb1. Platelet function testing may be considered in patients at high risk for poor clinical outcomes.[392] (Level of Evidence: C) 2. In patients treated with clopidogrel with high platelet reactivity, alternative agents, such as prasugrel or ticagrelor, might be considered.[392] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. The routine clinical use of platelet function testing to screen patients treated with clopidogrel who are undergoing PCI is not recommended.[392] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Restenosis [1]
| “ |
Class I1. Patients who develop clinical restenosis after balloon angioplasty should be treated with bare metal stent (BMS) or drug eluting stent (DES) if anatomic factors are appropriate and if the patient is able to comply with and tolerate dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).[393] (Level of Evidence: B) 2. Patients who develop clinical restenosis after bare metal stent (BMS) should be treated with drug eluting stent (DES) if anatomic factors are appropriate and the patient is able to comply with and tolerate dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).[394][395][396] (Level of Evidence: A) Class IIa1. IVUS is reasonable to determine the mechanism of stent restenosis.[239] (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Patients who develop clinical restenosis after drug eluting stent (DES) may be considered for repeat PCI with balloon angioplasty, bare metal stent (BMS), or drug eluting stent (DES) containing the same drug or an alternative antiproliferative drug if anatomic factors are appropriate and the patient is able to comply with and tolerate dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).[239] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Exercise Testing
| “ |
Class IIa1. In patients entering a formal cardiac rehabilitation program after PCI, treadmill exercise testing is reasonable. (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. Routine periodic stress testing of asymptomatic patients after PCI without specific clinical indications should not be performed.[397] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Cardiac Rehabilitation
| “ |
Class I1. Medically supervised exercise programs (cardiac rehabilitation) should be recommended to patients after PCI, particularly for moderate- to high-risk patients for whom supervised exercise training is warranted.[398][399][400][401][402][403][404][405][406] (Level of Evidence: A) |
” |
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline Recommendations: Quality and Performance Considerations [1]
Quality and Performance
| “ |
Class I1. Every PCI program should operate a quality-improvement program that routinely
2. Every PCI program should participate in a regional or national PCI registry for the purpose of benchmarking its outcomes against current national norms. (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Certification and Maintenance of Certification
| “ |
Class IIa1. It is reasonable for all physicians who perform PCI to participate in the American Board of Internal Medicine interventional cardiology board certification and maintenance of certification program. (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Operator and Institutional Competency and Volume
| “ |
Class I1. Elective/urgent PCI should be performed by operators with an acceptable annual volume (greater than or equal to 75 procedures) at high-volume centers (more than 400 procedures) with on-site cardiac surgery.[407][408] (Level of Evidence: C) 2. Elective/urgent PCI should be performed by operators and institutions whose current risk-adjusted outcomes statistics are comparable to those reported in contemporary national data registries. (Level of Evidence: C) 3. Primary PCI for STEMI should be performed by experienced operators who perform more than 75 elective PCI procedures per year and, ideally, at least 11 PCI procedures for STEMI per year. Ideally, these procedures should be performed in institutions that perform more than 400 elective PCIs per year and more than 36 Primary PCI procedures for STEMI per year.[407][409][410][411][412] (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIa1. It is reasonable that operators with acceptable volume (75 PCI procedures per year) perform elective/urgent PCI at low-volume centers (200 to 400 PCI procedures per year) with on-site cardiac surgery.[407] (Level of Evidence: C) 2. It is reasonable that low-volume operators (75 PCI procedures per year) perform elective/urgent PCI at high-volume centers (more than 400 PCI procedures per year) with on-site cardiac surgery. Ideally, operators with an annual procedure volume of fewer than 75 procedures per year should only work at institutions with an activity level of more than 600 procedures per year. Operators who perform fewer than 75 procedures per year should develop a defined mentoring relationship with a highly experienced operator who has an annual procedural volume of at least 150 procedures. (Level of Evidence: C) Class IIb1. The benefit of primary PCI for STEMI patients eligible for fibrinolysis when performed by an operator who performs fewer than 75 procedures per year (11 PCIs for STEMI per year) is not well established. (Level of Evidence: C) Class III1. It is not recommended that elective/urgent PCI be performed by low-volume operators (75 procedures per year) at low-volume centers (200 to 400 procedures per year) with or without on-site cardiac surgery. An institution with a volume of fewer than 200 procedures per year, unless in a region that is underserved because of geography, should carefully consider whether it should continue to offer this service.[407] (Level of Evidence: C) |
” |
Guideline Resources
- 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions[1]
- 2009 Focused Updates: ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2004 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Updating the 2005 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update)[154]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH (2011). "2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions" (PDF). Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 58 (24): 2550–83. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.006. PMID 22070837. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Text "PDF" ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Feit F, Brooks MM, Sopko G, Keller NM, Rosen A, Krone R et al. (2000) Long-term clinical outcome in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Registry: comparison with the randomized trial. BARI Investigators. Circulation 101 (24):2795-802. PMID: 10859284
- ↑ King SB, Barnhart HX, Kosinski AS, Weintraub WS, Lembo NJ, Petersen JY et al. (1997) Angioplasty or surgery for multivessel coronary artery disease: comparison of eligible registry and randomized patients in the EAST trial and influence of treatment selection on outcomes. Emory Angioplasty versus Surgery Trial Investigators. Am J Cardiol 79 (11):1453-9. PMID: 9185632
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ et al. (2009) Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 360 (10):961-72. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0804626 PMID: 19228612
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Chakravarty T, Buch MH, Naik H, White AJ, Doctor N, Schapira J et al. (2011) Predictive accuracy of SYNTAX score for predicting long-term outcomes of unprotected left main coronary artery revascularization. Am J Cardiol 107 (3):360-6. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.09.029 PMID: 21256999
- ↑ Grover FL, Shroyer AL, Hammermeister K, Edwards FH, Ferguson TB, Dziuban SW et al. (2001) A decade's experience with quality improvement in cardiac surgery using the Veterans Affairs and Society of Thoracic Surgeons national databases. Ann Surg 234 (4):464-72; discussion 472-4. PMID: 11573040
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Kim YH, Park DW, Kim WJ, Lee JY, Yun SC, Kang SJ et al. (2010) Validation of SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score for prediction of outcomes after unprotected left main coronary revascularization. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 3 (6):612-23. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2010.04.004 PMID: 20630454
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Morice MC, Serruys PW, Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Ståhle E, Colombo A et al. (2010) Outcomes in patients with de novo left main disease treated with either percutaneous coronary intervention using paclitaxel-eluting stents or coronary artery bypass graft treatment in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial. Circulation 121 (24):2645-53. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.899211 PMID: 20530001
- ↑ Shahian DM, O'Brien SM, Filardo G, Ferraris VA, Haan CK, Rich JB et al. (2009) The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk models: part 1--coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 88 (1 Suppl):S2-22. DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.05.053 PMID: 19559822
- ↑ Shahian DM, O'Brien SM, Normand SL, Peterson ED, Edwards FH (2010) Association of hospital coronary artery bypass volume with processes of care, mortality, morbidity, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons composite quality score. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 139 (2):273-82. DOI:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.007 PMID: 20022608
- ↑ Welke KF, Peterson ED, Vaughan-Sarrazin MS, O'Brien SM, Rosenthal GE, Shook GJ et al. (2007) Comparison of cardiac surgery volumes and mortality rates between the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and Medicare databases from 1993 through 2001. Ann Thorac Surg 84 (5):1538-46. DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.06.022 PMID: 17954059
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Caracciolo EA, Davis KB, Sopko G, Kaiser GC, Corley SD, Schaff H et al. (1995) Comparison of surgical and medical group survival in patients with left main coronary artery disease. Long-term CASS experience. Circulation 91 (9):2325-34. PMID: 7729018
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Chaitman BR, Fisher LD, Bourassa MG, Davis K, Rogers WJ, Maynard C et al. (1981) Effect of coronary bypass surgery on survival patterns in subsets of patients with left main coronary artery disease. Report of the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS). Am J Cardiol 48 (4):765-77. PMID: 7025604
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Dzavik V, Ghali WA, Norris C, Mitchell LB, Koshal A, Saunders LD et al. (2001) Long-term survival in 11,661 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease in the era of stenting: a report from the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) Investigators. Am Heart J 142 (1):119-26. DOI:10.1067/mhj.2001.116072 PMID: 11431667
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Takaro T, Hultgren HN, Lipton MJ, Detre KM (1976) The VA cooperative randomized study of surgery for coronary arterial occlusive disease II. Subgroup with significant left main lesions. Circulation 54 (6 Suppl):III107-17. PMID: 791537
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Takaro T, Peduzzi P, Detre KM, Hultgren HN, Murphy ML, van der Bel-Kahn J et al. (1982) Survival in subgroups of patients with left main coronary artery disease. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Surgery for Coronary Arterial Occlusive Disease. Circulation 66 (1):14-22. PMID: 6979435
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Taylor HA, Deumite NJ, Chaitman BR, Davis KB, Killip T, Rogers WJ (1989) Asymptomatic left main coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry. Circulation 79 (6):1171-9. PMID: 2785870
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi P, Fisher LD, Takaro T, Kennedy JW et al. (1994) Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration. Lancet 344 (8922):563-70. PMID: 7914958
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Mack MJ, Morice MC, Holmes DR, Ståhle E et al. (2011) Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of left main and/or three-vessel disease: 3-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial. Eur Heart J 32 (17):2125-34. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr213 PMID: 21697170
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Capodanno D, Caggegi A, Miano M, Cincotta G, Dipasqua F, Giacchi G et al. (2011) Global risk classification and clinical SYNTAX (synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXUS and cardiac surgery) score in patients undergoing percutaneous or surgical left main revascularization. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 4 (3):287-97. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2010.10.013 PMID: 21435606
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Hannan EL, Wu C, Walford G, Culliford AT, Gold JP, Smith CR et al. (2008) Drug-eluting stents vs. coronary-artery bypass grafting in multivessel coronary disease. N Engl J Med 358 (4):331-41. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa071804 PMID: 18216353
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Ellis SG, Tamai H, Nobuyoshi M, Kosuga K, Colombo A, Holmes DR et al. (1997) Contemporary percutaneous treatment of unprotected left main coronary stenoses: initial results from a multicenter registry analysis 1994-1996. Circulation 96 (11):3867-72. PMID: 9403609
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Biondi-Zoccai GG, Lotrionte M, Moretti C, Meliga E, Agostoni P, Valgimigli M et al. (2008) A collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis on 1278 patients undergoing percutaneous drug-eluting stenting for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 155 (2):274-83. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.10.009 PMID: 18215597
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Boudriot E, Thiele H, Walther T, Liebetrau C, Boeckstegers P, Pohl T et al. (2011) Randomized comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with sirolimus-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting in unprotected left main stem stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 57 (5):538-45. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.038 PMID: 21272743
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Brener SJ, Galla JM, Bryant R, Sabik JF, Ellis SG (2008) Comparison of percutaneous versus surgical revascularization of severe unprotected left main coronary stenosis in matched patients. Am J Cardiol 101 (2):169-72. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.08.054 PMID: 18178401
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Buszman PE, Kiesz SR, Bochenek A, Peszek-Przybyla E, Szkrobka I, Debinski M et al. (2008) Acute and late outcomes of unprotected left main stenting in comparison with surgical revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 51 (5):538-45. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.054 PMID: 18237682
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Chieffo A, Morici N, Maisano F, Bonizzoni E, Cosgrave J, Montorfano M et al. (2006) Percutaneous treatment with drug-eluting stent implantation versus bypass surgery for unprotected left main stenosis: a single-center experience. Circulation 113 (21):2542-7. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595694 PMID: 16717151
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Lee MS, Kapoor N, Jamal F, Czer L, Aragon J, Forrester J et al. (2006) Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery with percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 47 (4):864-70. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.072 PMID: 16487857
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Mäkikallio TH, Niemelä M, Kervinen K, Jokinen V, Laukkanen J, Ylitalo I et al. (2008) Coronary angioplasty in drug eluting stent era for the treatment of unprotected left main stenosis compared to coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Med 40 (6):437-43. DOI:10.1080/07853890701879790 PMID: 18608116
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Naik H, White AJ, Chakravarty T, Forrester J, Fontana G, Kar S et al. (2009) A meta-analysis of 3,773 patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention or surgery for unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2 (8):739-47. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2009.05.020 PMID: 19695542
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Palmerini T, Marzocchi A, Marrozzini C, Ortolani P, Saia F, Savini C et al. (2006) Comparison between coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery for the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis (the Bologna Registry). Am J Cardiol 98 (1):54-9. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.070 PMID: 16784920
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Park DW, Seung KB, Kim YH, Lee JY, Kim WJ, Kang SJ et al. (2010) Long-term safety and efficacy of stenting versus coronary artery bypass grafting for unprotected left main coronary artery disease: 5-year results from the MAIN-COMPARE (Revascularization for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty Versus Surgical Revascularization) registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 56 (2):117-24. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.04.004 PMID: 20451344
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Rodés-Cabau J, Deblois J, Bertrand OF, Mohammadi S, Courtis J, Larose E et al. (2008) Nonrandomized comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery disease in octogenarians. Circulation 118 (23):2374-81. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.727099 PMID: 19029471
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Sanmartín M, Baz JA, Claro R, Asorey V, Durán D, Pradas G et al. (2007) Comparison of drug-eluting stents versus surgery for unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 100 (6):970-3. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.037 PMID: 17826380
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Seung KB, Park DW, Kim YH, Lee SW, Lee CW, Hong MK et al. (2008) Stents versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for left main coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 358 (17):1781-92. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0801441 PMID: 18378517
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 White AJ, Kedia G, Mirocha JM, Lee MS, Forrester JS, Morales WC et al. (2008) Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous drug-eluting stent implantation for treatment of left main coronary artery stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 1 (3):236-45. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2008.02.007 PMID: 19463306
- ↑ Chieffo A, Magni V, Latib A, Maisano F, Ielasi A, Montorfano M et al. (2010) 5-year outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation versus coronary artery bypass graft for unprotected left main coronary artery lesions the Milan experience. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 3 (6):595-601. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2010.03.014 PMID: 20630452
- ↑ Montalescot G, Brieger D, Eagle KA, Anderson FA, FitzGerald G, Lee MS et al. (2009) Unprotected left main revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 30 (19):2308-17. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp353 PMID: 19720640
- ↑ Lee MS, Tseng CH, Barker CM, Menon V, Steckman D, Shemin R et al. (2008) Outcome after surgery and percutaneous intervention for cardiogenic shock and left main disease. Ann Thorac Surg 86 (1):29-34. DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.03.019 PMID: 18573394
- ↑ Lee MS, Bokhoor P, Park SJ, Kim YH, Stone GW, Sheiban I et al. (2010) Unprotected left main coronary disease and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a contemporary review and argument for percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 3 (8):791-5. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2010.06.005 PMID: 20723848
- ↑ Park SJ, Kim YH, Park DW, Yun SC, Ahn JM, Song HG et al. (2011) Randomized trial of stents versus bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 364 (18):1718-27.DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1100452 PMID: [1]
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Jones RH, Kesler K, Phillips HR, Mark DB, Smith PK, Nelson CL, Newman MF, Reves JG, Anderson RW, Califf RM (1996). "Long-term survival benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 111 (5): 1013–25. PMID 8622299. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Myers WO, Schaff HV, Gersh BJ, Fisher LD, Kosinski AS, Mock MB, Holmes DR, Ryan TJ, Kaiser GC (1989). "Improved survival of surgically treated patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease and severe angina pectoris. A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 97 (4): 487–95. PMID 2648078. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Varnauskas E (1988). "Twelve-year follow-up of survival in the randomized European Coronary Surgery Study". The New England Journal of Medicine. 319 (6): 332–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM198808113190603. PMID 3260659. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 Smith PK, Califf RM, Tuttle RH, Shaw LK, Lee KL, Delong ER, Lilly RE, Sketch MH, Peterson ED, Jones RH (2006). "Selection of surgical or percutaneous coronary intervention provides differential longevity benefit". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 82 (4): 1420–8, discussion 1428–9. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.04.044. PMID 16996946. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 46.0 46.1 Borger van der Burg AE, Bax JJ, Boersma E, Bootsma M, van Erven L, van der Wall EE, Schalij MJ (2003). "Impact of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting on outcome after nonfatal cardiac arrest outside the hospital". The American Journal of Cardiology. 91 (7): 785–9. PMID 12667561. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Every NR, Fahrenbruch CE, Hallstrom AP, Weaver WD, Cobb LA (1992). "Influence of coronary bypass surgery on subsequent outcome of patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 19 (7): 1435–9. PMID 1593036. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kaiser GA, Ghahramani A, Bolooki H, Vargas A, Thurer RJ, Williams WH, Myerburg RJ (1975). "Role of coronary artery surgery in patients surviving unexpected cardiac arrest". Surgery. 78 (6): 749–54. PMID 1081278. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ 49.0 49.1 Di Carli MF, Maddahi J, Rokhsar S, Schelbert HR, Bianco-Batlles D, Brunken RC, Fromm B (1998). "Long-term survival of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: implications for the role of myocardial viability assessment in management decisions". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 116 (6): 997–1004. PMID 9832692. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 50.0 50.1 Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Berman DS (2003). "Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography". Circulation. 107 (23): 2900–7. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000072790.23090.41. PMID 12771008. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 51.0 51.1 Sorajja P, Chareonthaitawee P, Rajagopalan N, Miller TD, Frye RL, Hodge DO, Gibbons RJ (2005). "Improved survival in asymptomatic diabetic patients with high-risk SPECT imaging treated with coronary artery bypass grafting". Circulation. 112 (9 Suppl): I311–6. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.525022. PMID 16159837. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Davies RF, Goldberg AD, Forman S, Pepine CJ, Knatterud GL, Geller N, Sopko G, Pratt C, Deanfield J, Conti CR (1997). "Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study two-year follow-up: outcomes of patients randomized to initial strategies of medical therapy versus revascularization". Circulation. 95 (8): 2037–43. PMID 9133513. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 53.0 53.1 Alderman EL, Fisher LD, Litwin P, Kaiser GC, Myers WO, Maynard C, Levine F, Schloss M (1983). "Results of coronary artery surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function (CASS)". Circulation. 68 (4): 785–95. PMID 6352078. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 54.0 54.1 O'Connor CM, Velazquez EJ, Gardner LH, Smith PK, Newman MF, Landolfo KP, Lee KL, Califf RM, Jones RH (2002). "Comparison of coronary artery bypass grafting versus medical therapy on long-term outcome in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (a 25-year experience from the Duke Cardiovascular Disease Databank)". The American Journal of Cardiology. 90 (2): 101–7. PMID 12106836. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 55.0 55.1 Phillips HR, O'Connor CM, Rogers J (2007). "Revascularization for heart failure". American Heart Journal. 153 (4 Suppl): 65–73. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.01.026. PMID 17394905. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 56.0 56.1 Tarakji KG, Brunken R, McCarthy PM, Al-Chekakie MO, Abdel-Latif A, Pothier CE, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS (2006). "Myocardial viability testing and the effect of early intervention in patients with advanced left ventricular systolic dysfunction". Circulation. 113 (2): 230–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.541664. PMID 16391157. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 57.0 57.1 Tsuyuki RT, Shrive FM, Galbraith PD, Knudtson ML, Graham MM (2006). "Revascularization in patients with heart failure". CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne. 175 (4): 361–5. doi:10.1503/cmaj.060108. PMC 1534111. PMID 16908896. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Cameron A, Davis KB, Green G, Schaff HV (1996). "Coronary bypass surgery with internal-thoracic-artery grafts--effects on survival over a 15-year period". The New England Journal of Medicine. 334 (4): 216–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199601253340402. PMID 8531997. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, Stewart RW, Goormastic M, Williams GW, Golding LA, Gill CC, Taylor PC, Sheldon WC (1986). "Influence of the internal-mammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events". The New England Journal of Medicine. 314 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1056/NEJM198601023140101. PMID 3484393. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 60.0 60.1 Brener SJ, Lytle BW, Casserly IP, Schneider JP, Topol EJ, Lauer MS (2004). "Propensity analysis of long-term survival after surgical or percutaneous revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and high-risk features". Circulation. 109 (19): 2290–5. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000126826.58526.14. PMID 15117846. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 Hannan EL, Racz MJ, Walford G, Jones RH, Ryan TJ, Bennett E, Culliford AT, Isom OW, Gold JP, Rose EA (2005). "Long-term outcomes of coronary-artery bypass grafting versus stent implantation". The New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (21): 2174–83. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040316. PMID 15917382. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Influence of diabetes on 5-year mortality and morbidity in a randomized trial comparing CABG and PTCA in patients with multivessel disease: the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI)". Circulation. 96 (6): 1761–9. 1997. PMID 9323059. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "The final 10-year follow-up results from the BARI randomized trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49 (15): 1600–6. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.11.048. PMID 17433949. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Banning AP, Westaby S, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Mohr FW, Berti S, Glauber M, Kellett MA, Kramer RS, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Serruys PW (2010). "Diabetic and nondiabetic patients with left main and/or 3-vessel coronary artery disease: comparison of outcomes with cardiac surgery and paclitaxel-eluting stents". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 55 (11): 1067–75. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.057. PMID 20079596. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hueb W, Lopes NH, Gersh BJ, Soares P, Machado LA, Jatene FB, Oliveira SA, Ramires JA (2007). "Five-year follow-up of the Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS II): a randomized controlled clinical trial of 3 therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease". Circulation. 115 (9): 1082–9. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.625475. PMID 17339566. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Malenka DJ, Leavitt BJ, Hearne MJ, Robb JF, Baribeau YR, Ryan TJ, Helm RE, Kellett MA, Dauerman HL, Dacey LJ, Silver MT, VerLee PN, Weldner PW, Hettleman BD, Olmstead EM, Piper WD, O'Connor GT (2005). "Comparing long-term survival of patients with multivessel coronary disease after CABG or PCI: analysis of BARI-like patients in northern New England". Circulation. 112 (9 Suppl): I371–6. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.526392. PMID 16159849. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Niles NW, McGrath PD, Malenka D, Quinton H, Wennberg D, Shubrooks SJ, Tryzelaar JF, Clough R, Hearne MJ, Hernandez F, Watkins MW, O'Connor GT (2001). "Survival of patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease after surgical or percutaneous coronary revascularization: results of a large regional prospective study. Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 37 (4): 1008–15. PMID 11263600. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Weintraub WS, Stein B, Kosinski A, Douglas JS, Ghazzal ZM, Jones EL, Morris DC, Guyton RA, Craver JM, King SB (1998). "Outcome of coronary bypass surgery versus coronary angioplasty in diabetic patients with multivessel coronary artery disease". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 31 (1): 10–9. PMID 9426011. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 69.0 69.1 Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk WJ, Knudtson M, Dada M, Casperson P, Harris CL, Chaitman BR, Shaw L, Gosselin G, Nawaz S, Title LM, Gau G, Blaustein AS, Booth DC, Bates ER, Spertus JA, Berman DS, Mancini GB, Weintraub WS (2007). "Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (15): 1503–16. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa070829. PMID 17387127. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bonow RO, Maurer G, Lee KL, Holly TA, Binkley PF, Desvigne-Nickens P, Drozdz J, Farsky PS, Feldman AM, Doenst T, Michler RE, Berman DS, Nicolau JC, Pellikka PA, Wrobel K, Alotti N, Asch FM, Favaloro LE, She L, Velazquez EJ, Jones RH, Panza JA (2011). "Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 364 (17): 1617–25. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1100358. PMID 21463153. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Deja MA, Jain A, Sopko G, Marchenko A, Ali IS, Pohost G, Gradinac S, Abraham WT, Yii M, Prabhakaran D, Szwed H, Ferrazzi P, Petrie MC, O'Connor CM, Panchavinnin P, She L, Bonow RO, Rankin GR, Jones RH, Rouleau JL (2011). "Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 364 (17): 1607–16. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1100356. PMID 21463150. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Brener SJ, Lytle BW, Casserly IP, Ellis SG, Topol EJ, Lauer MS (2006). "Predictors of revascularization method and long-term outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention or repeat coronary bypass surgery in patients with multivessel coronary disease and previous coronary bypass surgery". European Heart Journal. 27 (4): 413–8. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi646. PMID 16272211. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 73.0 73.1 Gurfinkel EP, Perez de la Hoz R, Brito VM, Duronto E, Dabbous OH, Gore JM, Anderson FA (2007). "Invasive vs non-invasive treatment in acute coronary syndromes and prior bypass surgery". International Journal of Cardiology. 119 (1): 65–72. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.058. PMID 17045681. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Lytle BW, Loop FD, Taylor PC, Goormastic M, Stewart RW, Novoa R, McCarthy P, Cosgrove DM (1993). "The effect of coronary reoperation on the survival of patients with stenoses in saphenous vein bypass grafts to coronary arteries". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 105 (4): 605–12, discussion 612–4. PMID 8468995. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Morrison DA, Sethi G, Sacks J, Henderson W, Grover F, Sedlis S, Esposito R, Ramanathan K, Weiman D, Saucedo J, Antakli T, Paramesh V, Pett S, Vernon S, Birjiniuk V, Welt F, Krucoff M, Wolfe W, Lucke JC, Mediratta S, Booth D, Barbiere C, Lewis D (2001). "Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery for patients with medically refractory myocardial ischemia and risk factors for adverse outcomes with bypass: a multicenter, randomized trial. Investigators of the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #385, the Angina With Extremely Serious Operative Mortality Evaluation (AWESOME)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 38 (1): 143–9. PMID 11451264. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 76.0 76.1 Pfautsch P, Frantz E, Ellmer A, Sauer HU, Fleck E (1999). "[Long-term outcome of therapy of recurrent myocardial ischemia after surgical revascularization]". Zeitschrift Für Kardiologie (in German). 88 (7): 489–97. PMID 10467648. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sergeant P, Blackstone E, Meyns B, Stockman B, Jashari R (1998). "First cardiological or cardiosurgical reintervention for ischemic heart disease after primary coronary artery bypass grafting". European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. 14 (5): 480–7. PMID 9860204. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stephan WJ, O'Keefe JH, Piehler JM, McCallister BD, Dahiya RS, Shimshak TM, Ligon RW, Hartzler GO (1996). "Coronary angioplasty versus repeat coronary artery bypass grafting for patients with previous bypass surgery". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 28 (5): 1140–6. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(96)00286-0. PMID 8890807. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 79.0 79.1 Subramanian S, Sabik JF, Houghtaling PL, Nowicki ER, Blackstone EH, Lytle BW (2009). "Decision-making for patients with patent left internal thoracic artery grafts to left anterior descending". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 87 (5): 1392–8, discussion 1400. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.02.032. PMID 19379872. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 80.0 80.1 Weintraub WS, Jones EL, Morris DC, King SB, Guyton RA, Craver JM (1997). "Outcome of reoperative coronary bypass surgery versus coronary angioplasty after previous bypass surgery". Circulation. 95 (4): 868–77. PMID 9054744. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Maron DJ, Mancini GB, Hayes SW, Hartigan PM, Weintraub WS, O'Rourke RA, Dada M, Spertus JA, Chaitman BR, Friedman J, Slomka P, Heller GV, Germano G, Gosselin G, Berger P, Kostuk WJ, Schwartz RG, Knudtson M, Veledar E, Bates ER, McCallister B, Teo KK, Boden WE (2008). "Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention to reduce ischemic burden: results from the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial nuclear substudy". Circulation. 117 (10): 1283–91. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743963. PMID 18268144. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Cashin WL, Sanmarco ME, Nessim SA, Blankenhorn DH (1984). "Accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in coronary vessels with minimal lesions that are bypassed". The New England Journal of Medicine. 311 (13): 824–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM198409273111304. PMID 6332274. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pijls NH, De Bruyne B, Peels K, Van Der Voort PH, Bonnier HJ, Bartunek J Koolen JJ, Koolen JJ (1996). "Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess the functional severity of coronary-artery stenoses". The New England Journal of Medicine. 334 (26): 1703–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199606273342604. PMID 8637515. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 84.0 84.1 Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van' t Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstrøm T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, Fearon WF (2009). "Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention". The New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (3): 213–24. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0807611. PMID 19144937. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sawada S, Bapat A, Vaz D, Weksler J, Fineberg N, Greene A, Gradus-Pizlo I, Feigenbaum H (2003). "Incremental value of myocardial viability for prediction of long-term prognosis in surgically revascularized patients with left ventricular dysfunction". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (12): 2099–105. PMID 14680734. Retrieved 2011-12-04. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Trial of invasive versus medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary-artery disease (TIME): a randomised trial". Lancet. 358 (9286): 951–7. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06100-1. PMID 11583747. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Benzer W, Höfer S, Oldridge NB (2003). "Health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease after different treatments for angina in routine clinical practice". Herz. 28 (5): 421–8. doi:10.1007/s00059-003-2388-9. PMID 12928741. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bonaros N, Schachner T, Ohlinger A, Friedrich G, Laufer G, Bonatti J (2005). "Assessment of health-related quality of life after coronary revascularization". The Heart Surgery Forum. 8 (5): E380–5. doi:10.1532/HSF98.20051139. PMID 16174598. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
- ↑ Bucher HC, Hengstler P, Schindler C, Guyatt GH (2000). "Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus medical treatment for non-acute coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 321 (7253): 73–7. PMC 27425. PMID 10884254. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Favarato ME, Hueb W, Boden WE, Lopes N, Nogueira CR, Takiuti M, Góis AF, Borges JC, Favarato D, Aldrighi JM, Oliveira SA, Ramires JA (2007). "Quality of life in patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease: a comparative post hoc analyses of medical, angioplasty or surgical strategies-MASS II trial". International Journal of Cardiology. 116 (3): 364–70. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.06.001. PMID 16876891. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hueb W, Lopes N, Gersh BJ, Soares PR, Ribeiro EE, Pereira AC, Favarato D, Rocha AS, Hueb AC, Ramires JA (2010). "Ten-year follow-up survival of the Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS II): a randomized controlled clinical trial of 3 therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease". Circulation. 122 (10): 949–57. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.911669. PMID 20733102. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pocock SJ, Henderson RA, Seed P, Treasure T, Hampton JR (1996). "Quality of life, employment status, and anginal symptoms after coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery. 3-year follow-up in the Randomized Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA) Trial". Circulation. 94 (2): 135–42. PMID 8674171. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pocock SJ, Henderson RA, Clayton T, Lyman GH, Chamberlain DA (2000). "Quality of life after coronary angioplasty or continued medical treatment for angina: three-year follow-up in the RITA-2 trial. Randomized Intervention Treatment of Angina". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 35 (4): 907–14. PMID 10732887. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Weintraub WS, Spertus JA, Kolm P, Maron DJ, Zhang Z, Jurkovitz C, Zhang W, Hartigan PM, Lewis C, Veledar E, Bowen J, Dunbar SB, Deaton C, Kaufman S, O'Rourke RA, Goeree R, Barnett PG, Teo KK, Boden WE, Mancini GB (2008). "Effect of PCI on quality of life in patients with stable coronary disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (7): 677–87. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa072771. PMID 18703470. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wijeysundera HC, Nallamothu BK, Krumholz HM, Tu JV, Ko DT (2010). "Meta-analysis: effects of percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical therapy on angina relief". Annals of Internal Medicine. 152 (6): 370–9. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00007. PMID 20231568. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Schofield PM, Sharples LD, Caine N, Burns S, Tait S, Wistow T, Buxton M, Wallwork J (1999). "Transmyocardial laser revascularisation in patients with refractory angina: a randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 353 (9152): 519–24. PMID 10028979. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Aaberge L, Nordstrand K, Dragsund M, Saatvedt K, Endresen K, Golf S, Geiran O, Abdelnoor M, Forfang K (2000). "Transmyocardial revascularization with CO2 laser in patients with refractory angina pectoris. Clinical results from the Norwegian randomized trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 35 (5): 1170–7. PMID 10758957. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Burkhoff D, Schmidt S, Schulman SP, Myers J, Resar J, Becker LC, Weiss J, Jones JW (1999). "Transmyocardial laser revascularisation compared with continued medical therapy for treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a prospective randomised trial. ATLANTIC Investigators. Angina Treatments-Lasers and Normal Therapies in Comparison". Lancet. 354 (9182): 885–90. PMID 10489946. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Allen KB, Dowling RD, DelRossi AJ, Realyvasques F, Lefrak EA, Pfeffer TA, Fudge TL, Mostovych M, Schuch D, Szentpetery S, Shaar CJ (2000). "Transmyocardial laser revascularization combined with coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter, blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled trial". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 119 (3): 540–9. PMID 10694615. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stamou SC, Boyce SW, Cooke RH, Carlos BD, Sweet LC, Corso PJ (2002). "One-year outcome after combined coronary artery bypass grafting and transmyocardial laser revascularization for refractory angina pectoris". The American Journal of Cardiology. 89 (12): 1365–8. PMID 12062729. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 101.3 101.4 101.5 101.6 101.7 101.8 101.9 Grines CL, Bonow RO, Casey DE, Gardner TJ, Lockhart PB, Moliterno DJ, O'Gara P, Whitlow P (2007). "Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49 (6): 734–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.003. PMID 17291948. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 102.0 102.1 Leon MB, Baim DS, Popma JJ, Gordon PC, Cutlip DE, Ho KK, Giambartolomei A, Diver DJ, Lasorda DM, Williams DO, Pocock SJ, Kuntz RE (1998). "A clinical trial comparing three antithrombotic-drug regimens after coronary-artery stenting. Stent Anticoagulation Restenosis Study Investigators". The New England Journal of Medicine. 339 (23): 1665–71. doi:10.1056/NEJM199812033392303. PMID 9834303. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 103.0 103.1 Mauri L, Hsieh WH, Massaro JM, Ho KK, D'Agostino R, Cutlip DE (2007). "Stent thrombosis in randomized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents". The New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (10): 1020–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa067731. PMID 17296821. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, Cheneau E, Ong AT, Kinnaird T, Suddath WO, Weissman NJ, Torguson R, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Waksman R, Serruys PW (2004). "Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy". Lancet. 364 (9444): 1519–21. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17275-9. PMID 15500897. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
- ↑ Zhao DX, Leacche M, Balaguer JM, Boudoulas KD, Damp JA, Greelish JP, Byrne JG, Ahmad RM, Ball SK, Cleator JH, Deegan RJ, Eagle SS, Fong PP, Fredi JL, Hoff SJ, Jennings HS, McPherson JA, Piana RN, Pretorius M, Robbins MA, Slosky DA, Thompson A (2009). "Routine intraoperative completion angiography after coronary artery bypass grafting and 1-stop hybrid revascularization results from a fully integrated hybrid catheterization laboratory/operating room". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 53 (3): 232–41. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.011. PMID 19147039. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Vassiliades TA, Douglas JS, Morris DC, Block PC, Ghazzal Z, Rab ST, Cates CU (2006). "Integrated coronary revascularization with drug-eluting stents: immediate and seven-month outcome". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 131 (5): 956–62. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.10.058. PMID 16678575. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bonatti J, Schachner T, Bonaros N, Jonetzko P, Ohlinger A, Ruetzler E, Kolbitsch C, Feuchtner G, Laufer G, Pachinger O, Friedrich G (2008). "Simultaneous hybrid coronary revascularization using totally endoscopic left internal mammary artery bypass grafting and placement of rapamycin eluting stents in the same interventional session. The COMBINATION pilot study". Cardiology. 110 (2): 92–5. doi:10.1159/000110486. PMID 17971657. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
- ↑ Gilard M, Bezon E, Cornily JC, Mansourati J, Mondine P, Barra JA, Boschat J (2007). "Same-day combined percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery surgery". Cardiology. 108 (4): 363–7. doi:10.1159/000099110. PMID 17308384. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
- ↑ Holzhey DM, Jacobs S, Mochalski M, Merk D, Walther T, Mohr FW, Falk V (2008). "Minimally invasive hybrid coronary artery revascularization". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 86 (6): 1856–60. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.08.034. PMID 19021994. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kon ZN, Brown EN, Tran R, Joshi A, Reicher B, Grant MC, Kallam S, Burris N, Connerney I, Zimrin D, Poston RS (2008). "Simultaneous hybrid coronary revascularization reduces postoperative morbidity compared with results from conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 135 (2): 367–75. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.025. PMC 2962576. PMID 18242270. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Reicher B, Poston RS, Mehra MR, Joshi A, Odonkor P, Kon Z, Reyes PA, Zimrin DA (2008). "Simultaneous "hybrid" percutaneous coronary intervention and minimally invasive surgical bypass grafting: feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes". American Heart Journal. 155 (4): 661–7. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.12.032. PMC 2636970. PMID 18371473. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mehran R, Aymong ED, Nikolsky E, Lasic Z, Iakovou I, Fahy M, Mintz GS, Lansky AJ, Moses JW, Stone GW, Leon MB, Dangas G (2004). "A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: development and initial validation". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 44 (7): 1393–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.068. PMID 15464318. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Moscucci M, Rogers EK, Montoye C, Smith DE, Share D, O'Donnell M, Maxwell-Eward A, Meengs WL, De Franco AC, Patel K, McNamara R, McGinnity JG, Jani SM, Khanal S, Eagle KA (2006). "Association of a continuous quality improvement initiative with practice and outcome variations of contemporary percutaneous coronary interventions". Circulation. 113 (6): 814–22. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.541995. PMID 16461821. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bader BD, Berger ED, Heede MB, Silberbaur I, Duda S, Risler T, Erley CM (2004). "What is the best hydration regimen to prevent contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity?". Clinical Nephrology. 62 (1): 1–7. PMID 15267006. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Mueller C, Buerkle G, Buettner HJ, Petersen J, Perruchoud AP, Eriksson U, Marsch S, Roskamm H (2002). "Prevention of contrast media-associated nephropathy: randomized comparison of 2 hydration regimens in 1620 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty". Archives of Internal Medicine. 162 (3): 329–36. PMID 11822926. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Solomon R, Werner C, Mann D, D'Elia J, Silva P (1994). "Effects of saline, mannitol, and furosemide to prevent acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents". The New England Journal of Medicine. 331 (21): 1416–20. doi:10.1056/NEJM199411243312104. PMID 7969280. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Trivedi HS, Moore H, Nasr S, Aggarwal K, Agrawal A, Goel P, Hewett J (2003). "A randomized prospective trial to assess the role of saline hydration on the development of contrast nephrotoxicity". Nephron. Clinical Practice. 93 (1): C29–34. PMID 12411756. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Campodonico J, Lauri G, Marana I, De Metrio M, Moltrasio M, Grazi M, Rubino M, Veglia F, Fabbiocchi F, Bartorelli AL (2009). "Contrast volume during primary percutaneous coronary intervention and subsequent contrast-induced nephropathy and mortality". Annals of Internal Medicine. 150 (3): 170–7. PMID 19189906. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ McCullough PA, Wolyn R, Rocher LL, Levin RN, O'Neill WW (1997). "Acute renal failure after coronary intervention: incidence, risk factors, and relationship to mortality". The American Journal of Medicine. 103 (5): 368–75. PMID 9375704. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Russo D, Minutolo R, Cianciaruso B, Memoli B, Conte G, De Nicola L (1995). "Early effects of contrast media on renal hemodynamics and tubular function in chronic renal failure". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 6 (5): 1451–8. PMID 8589322. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Gonzales DA, Norsworthy KJ, Kern SJ, Banks S, Sieving PC, Star RA, Natanson C, Danner RL (2007). "A meta-analysis of N-acetylcysteine in contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: unsupervised clustering to resolve heterogeneity". BMC Medicine. 5: 32. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-5-32. PMC 2200657. PMID 18001477. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
- ↑ Ozcan EE, Guneri S, Akdeniz B, Akyildiz IZ, Senaslan O, Baris N, Aslan O, Badak O (2007). "Sodium bicarbonate, N-acetylcysteine, and saline for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. A comparison of 3 regimens for protecting contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary procedures. A single-center prospective controlled trial". American Heart Journal. 154 (3): 539–44. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.05.012. PMID 17719303. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Thiele H, Hildebrand L, Schirdewahn C, Eitel I, Adams V, Fuernau G, Erbs S, Linke A, Diederich KW, Nowak M, Desch S, Gutberlet M, Schuler G (2010). "Impact of high-dose N-acetylcysteine versus placebo on contrast-induced nephropathy and myocardial reperfusion injury in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The LIPSIA-N-ACC (Prospective, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Leipzig Immediate PercutaneouS Coronary Intervention Acute Myocardial Infarction N-ACC) Trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 55 (20): 2201–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.091. PMID 20466200. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Webb JG, Pate GE, Humphries KH, Buller CE, Shalansky S, Al Shamari A, Sutander A, Williams T, Fox RS, Levin A (2004). "A randomized controlled trial of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization: lack of effect". American Heart Journal. 148 (3): 422–9. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.03.041. PMID 15389228. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Acetylcysteine for prevention of renal outcomes in patients undergoing coronary and peripheral vascular angiography: main results from the randomized Acetylcysteine for Contrast-induced nephropathy Trial (ACT)". Circulation. 124 (11): 1250–9. 2011. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.038943. PMID 21859972. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Klein LW, Sheldon MW, Brinker J, Mixon TA, Skelding K, Strunk AO, Tommaso CL, Weiner B, Bailey SR, Uretsky B, Kern M, Laskey W (2009). "The use of radiographic contrast media during PCI: a focused review: a position statement of the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 74 (5): 728–46. doi:10.1002/ccd.22113. PMID 19830793. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Levine GN, Kern MJ, Berger PB, Brown DL, Klein LW, Kereiakes DJ, Sanborn TA, Jacobs AK (2003). "Management of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization". Annals of Internal Medicine. 139 (2): 123–36. PMID 12859162. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Tramèr MR, von Elm E, Loubeyre P, Hauser C (2006). "Pharmacological prevention of serious anaphylactic reactions due to iodinated contrast media: systematic review". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 333 (7570): 675. doi:10.1136/bmj.38905.634132.AE. PMC 1584363. PMID 16880193. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Greenberger PA, Patterson R, Tapio CM (1985). "Prophylaxis against repeated radiocontrast media reactions in 857 cases. Adverse experience with cimetidine and safety of beta-adrenergic antagonists". Archives of Internal Medicine. 145 (12): 2197–200. PMID 2866755. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Shehadi WH (1975). "Adverse reactions to intravascularly administered contrast media. A comprehensive study based on a prospective survey". The American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine. 124 (1): 145–52. PMID 1170768. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Gill BV, Rice TR, Cartier A, Gautrin D, Neis B, Horth-Susin L, Jong M, Swanson M, Lehrer SB (2009). "Identification of crab proteins that elicit IgE reactivity in snow crab-processing workers". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 124 (5): 1055–61. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.06.030. PMID 19665776. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Verdino P, Keller W, Sperr WR, Valent P, Valenta R, Spitzauer S (2002). "Recombinant carp parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen: a tool for diagnosis and therapy of fish allergy". Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 168 (9): 4576–84. PMID 11971005. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Briguori C, Colombo A, Airoldi F, Violante A, Focaccio A, Balestrieri P, Paolo Elia P, Golia B, Lepore S, Riviezzo G, Scarpato P, Librera M, Bonizzoni E, Ricciardelli B (2004). "Statin administration before percutaneous coronary intervention: impact on periprocedural myocardial infarction". European Heart Journal. 25 (20): 1822–8. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.07.017. PMID 15474697. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Briguori C, Visconti G, Focaccio A, Golia B, Chieffo A, Castelli A, Mussardo M, Montorfano M, Ricciardelli B, Colombo A (2009). "Novel approaches for preventing or limiting events (Naples) II trial: impact of a single high loading dose of atorvastatin on periprocedural myocardial infarction". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 54 (23): 2157–63. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.005. PMID 19664895. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pasceri V, Patti G, Nusca A, Pristipino C, Richichi G, Di Sciascio G (2004). "Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of myocardial damage during coronary intervention: results from the ARMYDA (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty) study". Circulation. 110 (6): 674–8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000137828.06205.87. PMID 15277322. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Patti G, Pasceri V, Colonna G, Miglionico M, Fischetti D, Sardella G, Montinaro A, Di Sciascio G (2007). "Atorvastatin pretreatment improves outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the ARMYDA-ACS randomized trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49 (12): 1272–8. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.025. PMID 17394957. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Yun KH, Jeong MH, Oh SK, Rhee SJ, Park EM, Lee EM, Yoo NJ, Kim NH, Ahn YK, Jeong JW (2009). "The beneficial effect of high loading dose of rosuvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome". International Journal of Cardiology. 137 (3): 246–51. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.06.055. PMID 18706705. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Zhang F, Dong L, Ge J (2010). "Effect of statins pretreatment on periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis". Annals of Medicine. 42 (3): 171–7. doi:10.3109/07853890903463976. PMID 20384433. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Winchester DE, Wen X, Xie L, Bavry AA (2010). "Evidence of pre-procedural statin therapy a meta-analysis of randomized trials". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 56 (14): 1099–109. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.04.023. PMID 20825761. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Di Sciascio G, Patti G, Pasceri V, Gaspardone A, Colonna G, Montinaro A (2009). "Efficacy of atorvastatin reload in patients on chronic statin therapy undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the ARMYDA-RECAPTURE (Atorvastatin for Reduction of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty) Randomized Trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 54 (6): 558–65. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.028. PMID 19643320. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 141.0 141.1 Aversano T, Aversano LT, Passamani E, Knatterud GL, Terrin ML, Williams DO, Forman SA (2002). "Thrombolytic therapy vs primary percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction in patients presenting to hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 287 (15): 1943–51. PMID 11960536. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 142.0 142.1 Dehmer GJ, Blankenship J, Wharton TP, Seth A, Morrison DA, Dimario C, Muller D, Kellett M, Uretsky BF (2007). "The current status and future direction of percutaneous coronary intervention without on-site surgical backup: an expert consensus document from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 69 (4): 471–8. doi:10.1002/ccd.21097. PMID 17278155. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Melberg T, Nilsen DW, Larsen AI, Barvik S, Bonarjee V, Kuiper KK, Nordrehaug JE (2006). "Nonemergent coronary angioplasty without on-site surgical backup: a randomized study evaluating outcomes in low-risk patients". American Heart Journal. 152 (5): 888–95. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2006.06.026. PMID 17070152. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Singh PP, Singh M, Bedi US, Adigopula S, Singh S, Kodumuri V, Molnar J, Ahmed A, Arora R, Khosla S (2011). "Outcomes of nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention with and without on-site surgical backup: a meta-analysis". American Journal of Therapeutics. 18 (2): e22–8. doi:10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181bc0f5a. PMID 19918168. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
- ↑ Brueck M, Bandorski D, Kramer W, Wieczorek M, Höltgen R, Tillmanns H (2009) A randomized comparison of transradial versus transfemoral approach for coronary angiography and angioplasty. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2 (11):1047-54. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2009.07.016 PMID: 19926042
- ↑ Jaffe R, Hong T, Sharieff W, Chisholm RJ, Kutryk MJ, Charron T et al. (2007) Comparison of radial versus femoral approach for percutaneous coronary interventions in octogenarians. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 69 (6):815-20. DOI:10.1002/ccd.21021 PMID: 17191214
- ↑ Jolly SS, Amlani S, Hamon M, Yusuf S, Mehta SR (2009) Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography or intervention and the impact on major bleeding and ischemic events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am Heart J 157 (1):132-40. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2008.08.023 PMID: 19081409
- ↑ Louvard Y, Benamer H, Garot P, Hildick-Smith D, Loubeyre C, Rigattieri S et al. (2004) Comparison of transradial and transfemoral approaches for coronary angiography and angioplasty in octogenarians (the OCTOPLUS study). Am J Cardiol 94 (9):1177-80. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.07.089 PMID: 15518616
- ↑ Pristipino C, Trani C, Nazzaro MS, Berni A, Patti G, Patrizi R et al. (2009) Major improvement of percutaneous cardiovascular procedure outcomes with radial artery catheterisation: results from the PREVAIL study. Heart 95 (6):476-82. DOI:10.1136/hrt.2008.150714 PMID: 19036757
- ↑ Rao SV, Ou FS, Wang TY, Roe MT, Brindis R, Rumsfeld JS et al. (2008) Trends in the prevalence and outcomes of radial and femoral approaches to percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 1 (4):379-86. DOI:10.1016/j.jcin.2008.05.007 PMID: 19463333
- ↑ Rao SV, Cohen MG, Kandzari DE, Bertrand OF, Gilchrist IC (2010) The transradial approach to percutaneous coronary intervention: historical perspective, current concepts, and future directions. J Am Coll Cardiol 55 (20):2187-95. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.039 PMID: 20466199
- ↑ Hamon M, Rasmussen LH, Manoukian SV, Cequier A, Lincoff MA, Rupprecht HJ et al. (2009) Choice of arterial access site and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes managed with an early invasive strategy: the ACUITY trial. EuroIntervention 5 (1):115-20. PMID: 19577992
- ↑ Jolly SS, Yusuf S, Cairns J, Niemelä K, Xavier D, Widimsky P et al. (2011) Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes (RIVAL): a randomised, parallel group, multicentre trial. Lancet 377 (9775):1409-20. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60404-2 PMID: 21470671
- ↑ 154.0 154.1 154.2 154.3 154.4 154.5 154.6 154.7 154.8 Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC, King SB, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Bailey SR, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Casey DE, Green LA, Hochman JS, Jacobs AK, Krumholz HM, Morrison DA, Ornato JP, Pearle DL, Peterson ED, Sloan MA, Whitlow PL, Williams DO (2009). "2009 focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guideline and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guideline and 2007 focused update) a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 54 (23): 2205–41. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.015. PMID 19942100. Retrieved 2011-12-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bavry AA, Kumbhani DJ, Rassi AN, Bhatt DL, Askari AT (2006) Benefit of early invasive therapy in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of contemporary randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 48 (7):1319-25. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.050 PMID: 17010789
- ↑ 156.0 156.1 Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopoulos LA, Vicari R, Frey MJ, Lakkis N et al. (2001) Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med 344 (25):1879-87. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200106213442501 PMID: 11419424
- ↑ 157.0 157.1 157.2 Fox KA, Clayton TC, Damman P, Pocock SJ, de Winter RJ, Tijssen JG et al. (2010) Long-term outcome of a routine versus selective invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome a meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Am Coll Cardiol 55 (22):2435-45. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.007 PMID: 20359842
- ↑ (1999) Invasive compared with non-invasive treatment in unstable coronary-artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre study. FRagmin and Fast Revascularisation during InStability in Coronary artery disease Investigators. Lancet 354 (9180):708-15. PMID: 10475181
- ↑ Mehta SR, Granger CB, Boden WE, Steg PG, Bassand JP, Faxon DP et al. (2009) Early versus delayed invasive intervention in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 360 (21):2165-75. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0807986 PMID: 19458363
- ↑ Rodriguez AE, Baldi J, Fernández Pereira C, Navia J, Rodriguez Alemparte M, Delacasa A et al. (2005) Five-year follow-up of the Argentine randomized trial of coronary angioplasty with stenting versus coronary bypass surgery in patients with multiple vessel disease (ERACI II). J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (4):582-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.081 PMID: 16098419
- ↑ Valgimigli M, Dawkins K, Macaya C, de Bruyne B, Teiger E, Fajadet J et al. (2007) Impact of stable versus unstable coronary artery disease on 1-year outcome in elective patients undergoing multivessel revascularization with sirolimus-eluting stents: a subanalysis of the ARTS II trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (4):431-41. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.081 PMID: 17258088
- ↑ 162.0 162.1 Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2003). "Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials". Lancet. 361 (9351): 13–20. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12113-7. PMID 12517460. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 163.0 163.1 Zijlstra F, de Boer MJ, Hoorntje JC, Reiffers S, Reiber JH, Suryapranata H (1993). "A comparison of immediate coronary angioplasty with intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 328 (10): 680–4. doi:10.1056/NEJM199303113281002. PMID 8433726. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 164.0 164.1 Keeley EC, Grines CL (2004). "Primary coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 291 (6): 736–9. doi:10.1001/jama.291.6.736. PMID 14871919. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 165.0 165.1 Keeley EC, Hillis LD (2007). "Primary PCI for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation". The New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1056/NEJMct063503. PMID 17202455. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 166.0 166.1 Wu AH, Parsons L, Every NR, Bates ER (2002). "Hospital outcomes in patients presenting with congestive heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction: a report from the Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 40 (8): 1389–94. PMID 12392826. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 167.0 167.1 167.2 167.3 Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, Sanborn TA, White HD, Talley JD, Buller CE, Jacobs AK, Slater JN, Col J, McKinlay SM, LeJemtel TH (1999). "Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock". The New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (9): 625–34. doi:10.1056/NEJM199908263410901. PMID 10460813. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 168.0 168.1 Gershlick AH, Stephens-Lloyd A, Hughes S, Abrams KR, Stevens SE, Uren NG, de Belder A, Davis J, Pitt M, Banning A, Baumbach A, Shiu MF, Schofield P, Dawkins KD, Henderson RA, Oldroyd KG, Wilcox R (2005). "Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (26): 2758–68. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050849. PMID 16382062. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 169.0 169.1 Wijeysundera HC, Vijayaraghavan R, Nallamothu BK, Foody JM, Krumholz HM, Phillips CO, Kashani A, You JJ, Tu JV, Ko DT (2007). "Rescue angioplasty or repeat fibrinolysis after failed fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49 (4): 422–30. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.033. PMID 17258087. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bøhmer E, Hoffmann P, Abdelnoor M, Arnesen H, Halvorsen S (2010). "Efficacy and safety of immediate angioplasty versus ischemia-guided management after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction in areas with very long transfer distances results of the NORDISTEMI (NORwegian study on DIstrict treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 55 (2): 102–10. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.007. PMID 19747792. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Di Mario C, Dudek D, Piscione F, Mielecki W, Savonitto S, Murena E, Dimopoulos K, Manari A, Gaspardone A, Ochala A, Zmudka K, Bolognese L, Steg PG, Flather M (2008). "Immediate angioplasty versus standard therapy with rescue angioplasty after thrombolysis in the Combined Abciximab REteplase Stent Study in Acute Myocardial Infarction (CARESS-in-AMI): an open, prospective, randomised, multicentre trial". Lancet. 371 (9612): 559–68. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60268-8. PMID 18280326. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Fernandez-Avilés F, Alonso JJ, Castro-Beiras A, Vázquez N, Blanco J, Alonso-Briales J, López-Mesa J, Fernández-Vazquez F, Calvo I, Martínez-Elbal L, San Román JA, Ramos B (2004). "Routine invasive strategy within 24 hours of thrombolysis versus ischaemia-guided conservative approach for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (GRACIA-1): a randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 364 (9439): 1045–53. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17059-1. PMID 15380963. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ↑ 173.0 173.1 Borgia F, Goodman SG, Halvorsen S, Cantor WJ, Piscione F, Le May MR, Fernández-Avilés F, Sánchez PL, Dimopoulos K, Scheller B, Armstrong PW, Di Mario C (2010). "Early routine percutaneous coronary intervention after fibrinolysis vs. standard therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis". European Heart Journal. 31 (17): 2156–69. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq204. PMID 20601393. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 174.0 174.1 Cantor WJ, Fitchett D, Borgundvaag B, Ducas J, Heffernan M, Cohen EA, Morrison LJ, Langer A, Dzavik V, Mehta SR, Lazzam C, Schwartz B, Casanova A, Goodman SG (2009). "Routine early angioplasty after fibrinolysis for acute myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (26): 2705–18. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0808276. PMID 19553646. Retrieved 2011-12-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Lambert L, Brown K, Segal E, Brophy J, Rodes-Cabau J, Bogaty P (2010). "Association between timeliness of reperfusion therapy and clinical outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 303 (21): 2148–55. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.712. PMID 20516415. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Terkelsen CJ, Sørensen JT, Maeng M, Jensen LO, Tilsted HH, Trautner S, Vach W, Johnsen SP, Thuesen L, Lassen JF (2010). "System delay and mortality among patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 304 (7): 763–71. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1139. PMID 20716739. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Aguirre FV, Varghese JJ, Kelley MP, Lam W, Lucore CL, Gill JB, Page L, Turner L, Davis C, Mikell FL (2008). "Rural interhospital transfer of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients for percutaneous coronary revascularization: the Stat Heart Program". Circulation. 117 (9): 1145–52. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.728519. PMID 18268151. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Blankenship JC, Scott TD, Skelding KA, Haldis TA, Tompkins-Weber K, Sledgen MY, Donegan MA, Buckley JW, Sartorius JA, Hodgson JM, Berger PB (2011). "Door-to-balloon times under 90 min can be routinely achieved for patients transferred for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction percutaneous coronary intervention in a rural setting". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 57 (3): 272–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.06.056. PMID 21232663. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Henry TD, Sharkey SW, Burke MN, Chavez IJ, Graham KJ, Henry CR, Lips DL, Madison JD, Menssen KM, Mooney MR, Newell MC, Pedersen WR, Poulose AK, Traverse JH, Unger BT, Wang YL, Larson DM (2007). "A regional system to provide timely access to percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction". Circulation. 116 (7): 721–8. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.694141. PMID 17673457. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Zahn R, Schuster S, Schiele R, Seidl K, Voigtländer T, Meyer J, Hauptmann KE, Gottwik M, Berg G, Kunz T, Gieseler U, Jakob M, Senges J (1999). "Comparison of primary angioplasty with conservative therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and contraindications for thrombolytic therapy. Maximal Individual Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction (MITRA) Study Group". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 46 (2): 127–33. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1522-726X(199902)46:2<127::AID-CCD2>3.0.CO;2-G. PMID 10348528. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Grzybowski M, Clements EA, Parsons L, Welch R, Tintinalli AT, Ross MA, Zalenski RJ (2003). "Mortality benefit of immediate revascularization of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy: a propensity analysis". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 290 (14): 1891–8. doi:10.1001/jama.290.14.1891. PMID 14532318. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists' (FTT) Collaborative Group". Lancet. 343 (8893): 311–22. 1994. PMID 7905143. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Schömig A, Mehilli J, Antoniucci D, Ndrepepa G, Markwardt C, Di Pede F, Nekolla SG, Schlotterbeck K, Schühlen H, Pache J, Seyfarth M, Martinoff S, Benzer W, Schmitt C, Dirschinger J, Schwaiger M, Kastrati A (2005). "Mechanical reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting more than 12 hours from symptom onset: a randomized controlled trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 293 (23): 2865–72. doi:10.1001/jama.293.23.2865. PMID 15956631. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 184.0 184.1 Gierlotka M, Gasior M, Wilczek K, Hawranek M, Szkodzinski J, Paczek P, Lekston A, Kalarus Z, Zembala M, Polonski L (2011). "Reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction within 12 to 24 hours of the onset of symptoms (from a prospective national observational study [PL-ACS])". The American Journal of Cardiology. 107 (4): 501–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.10.008. PMID 21195380. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Toma M, Buller CE, Westerhout CM, Fu Y, O'Neill WW, Holmes DR, Hamm CW, Granger CB, Armstrong PW (2010). "Non-culprit coronary artery percutaneous coronary intervention during acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from the APEX-AMI trial". European Heart Journal. 31 (14): 1701–7. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq129. PMID 20530505. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Politi L, Sgura F, Rossi R, Monopoli D, Guerri E, Leuzzi C, Bursi F, Sangiorgi GM, Modena MG (2010). "A randomised trial of target-vessel versus multi-vessel revascularisation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: major adverse cardiac events during long-term follow-up". Heart (British Cardiac Society). 96 (9): 662–7. doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.177162. PMID 19778920. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Vlaar PJ, Mahmoud KD, Holmes DR, van Valkenhoef G, Hillege HL, van der Horst IC, Zijlstra F, de Smet BJ (2011). "Culprit vessel only versus multivessel and staged percutaneous coronary intervention for multivessel disease in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a pairwise and network meta-analysis". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 58 (7): 692–703. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.046. PMID 21816304. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kornowski R, Mehran R, Dangas G, Nikolsky E, Assali A, Claessen BE, Gersh BJ, Wong SC, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, Dudek D, Fahy M, Lansky AJ, Stone GW (2011). "Prognostic impact of staged versus "one-time" multivessel percutaneous intervention in acute myocardial infarction: analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI (harmonizing outcomes with revascularization and stents in acute myocardial infarction) trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 58 (7): 704–11. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.071. PMID 21816305. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Erne P, Schoenenberger AW, Burckhardt D, Zuber M, Kiowski W, Buser PT, Dubach P, Resink TJ, Pfisterer M (2007). "Effects of percutaneous coronary interventions in silent ischemia after myocardial infarction: the SWISSI II randomized controlled trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 297 (18): 1985–91. doi:10.1001/jama.297.18.1985. PMID 17488963. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Madsen JK, Grande P, Saunamäki K, Thayssen P, Kassis E, Eriksen U, Rasmussen K, Haunsø S, Nielsen TT, Haghfelt T, Fritz-Hansen P, Hjelms E, Paulsen PK, Alstrup P, Arendrup H, Niebuhr-Jørgensen U, Andersen LI (1997). "Danish multicenter randomized study of invasive versus conservative treatment in patients with inducible ischemia after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (DANAMI). DANish trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction". Circulation. 96 (3): 748–55. PMID 9264478. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stenestrand U, Wallentin L (2002). "Early revascularisation and 1-year survival in 14-day survivors of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study". Lancet. 359 (9320): 1805–11. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08710-X. PMID 12044375. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Alter DA, Tu JV, Austin PC, Naylor CD (2003). "Waiting times, revascularization modality, and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction at hospitals with and without on-site revascularization facilities in Canada". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (3): 410–9. PMID 12906964. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Zeymer U, Uebis R, Vogt A, Glunz HG, Vöhringer HF, Harmjanz D, Neuhaus KL (2003). "Randomized comparison of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and medical therapy in stable survivors of acute myocardial infarction with single vessel disease: a study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte". Circulation. 108 (11): 1324–8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000087605.09362.0E. PMID 12939210. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Gupta M, Chang WC, Van de Werf F, Granger CB, Midodzi W, Barbash G, Pehrson K, Oto A, Toutouzas P, Jansky P, Armstrong PW (2003). "International differences in in-hospital revascularization and outcomes following acute myocardial infarction: a multilevel analysis of patients in ASSENT-2". European Heart Journal. 24 (18): 1640–50. PMID 14499226. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Gibson CM, Karha J, Murphy SA, James D, Morrow DA, Cannon CP, Giugliano RP, Antman EM, Braunwald E (2003). "Early and long-term clinical outcomes associated with reinfarction following fibrinolytic administration in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trials". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (1): 7–16. PMID 12849652. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ioannidis JP, Katritsis DG (2007). "Percutaneous coronary intervention for late reperfusion after myocardial infarction in stable patients". American Heart Journal. 154 (6): 1065–71. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.07.049. PMID 18035076. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Steg PG, Thuaire C, Himbert D, Carrié D, Champagne S, Coisne D, Khalifé K, Cazaux P, Logeart D, Slama M, Spaulding C, Cohen A, Tirouvanziam A, Montély JM, Rodriguez RM, Garbarz E, Wijns W, Durand-Zaleski I, Porcher R, Brucker L, Chevret S, Chastang C (2004). "DECOPI (DEsobstruction COronaire en Post-Infarctus): a randomized multi-centre trial of occluded artery angioplasty after acute myocardial infarction". European Heart Journal. 25 (24): 2187–94. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.10.019. PMID 15589635. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hochman JS, Lamas GA, Buller CE, Dzavik V, Reynolds HR, Abramsky SJ, Forman S, Ruzyllo W, Maggioni AP, White H, Sadowski Z, Carvalho AC, Rankin JM, Renkin JP, Steg PG, Mascette AM, Sopko G, Pfisterer ME, Leor J, Fridrich V, Mark DB, Knatterud GL (2006). "Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (23): 2395–407. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066139. PMC 1995554. PMID 17105759. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, White HD, Dzavik V, Wong SC, Menon V et al. (2001) One-year survival following early revascularization for cardiogenic shock. JAMA 285 (2):190-2. PMID: 11176812
- ↑ Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, Dzavik V, Buller CE, Aylward P et al. (2006) Early revascularization and long-term survival in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 295 (21):2511-5. DOI:10.1001/jama.295.21.2511 PMID: 16757723
- ↑ Urban P, Stauffer JC, Bleed D, Khatchatrian N, Amann W, Bertel O et al. (1999) A randomized evaluation of early revascularization to treat shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. The (Swiss) Multicenter Trial of Angioplasty for Shock-(S)MASH. Eur Heart J 20 (14):1030-8. DOI:10.1053/euhj.1998.1353 PMID: 10383377
- ↑ Sanborn TA, Sleeper LA, Bates ER, Jacobs AK, Boland J, French JK et al. (2000) Impact of thrombolysis, intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation, and their combination in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shocK? J Am Coll Cardiol 36 (3 Suppl A):1123-9. PMID: 10985715
- ↑ Chen EW, Canto JG, Parsons LS, Peterson ED, Littrell KA, Every NR et al. (2003) Relation between hospital intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation volume and mortality in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Circulation 108 (8):951-7. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000085068.59734.E4 PMID: 12912817
- ↑ Barron HV, Every NR, Parsons LS, Angeja B, Goldberg RJ, Gore JM et al. (2001) The use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2. Am Heart J 141 (6):933-9. DOI:10.1067/mhj.2001.115295 PMID: 11376306
- ↑ Reynolds HR, Hochman JS (2008) Cardiogenic shock: current concepts and improving outcomes. Circulation 117 (5):686-97. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.613596 PMID: 18250279
- ↑ Berger PB, Bell MR, Hasdai D, Grill DE, Melby S, Holmes DR (1999). "Safety and efficacy of ticlopidine for only 2 weeks after successful intracoronary stent placement". Circulation. 99 (2): 248–53. PMID 9892591. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Cruden NL, Harding SA, Flapan AD, Graham C, Wild SH, Slack R, Pell JP, Newby DE (2010). "Previous coronary stent implantation and cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery". Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions. 3 (3): 236–42. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.109.934703. PMID 20442357. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 208.0 208.1 Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, Calkins H, Chaikof EL, Fleischmann KE, Freeman WK, Froehlich JB, Kasper EK, Kersten JR, Riegel B, Robb JF (2009). "2009 ACCF/AHA focused update on perioperative beta blockade incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 54 (22): e13–e118. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.010. PMID 19926002. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 209.0 209.1 Kałuza GL, Joseph J, Lee JR, Raizner ME, Raizner AE (2000). "Catastrophic outcomes of noncardiac surgery soon after coronary stenting". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 35 (5): 1288–94. PMID 10758971. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Reddy PR, Vaitkus PT (2005). "Risks of noncardiac surgery after coronary stenting". The American Journal of Cardiology. 95 (6): 755–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.11.029. PMID 15757604. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 211.0 211.1 Sharma AK, Ajani AE, Hamwi SM, Maniar P, Lakhani SV, Waksman R, Lindsay J (2004). "Major noncardiac surgery following coronary stenting: when is it safe to operate?". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 63 (2): 141–5. doi:10.1002/ccd.20124. PMID 15390248. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wilson SH, Fasseas P, Orford JL, Lennon RJ, Horlocker T, Charnoff NE, Melby S, Berger PB (2003). "Clinical outcome of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery in the two months following coronary stenting". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (2): 234–40. PMID 12875757. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, Calkins H, Chaikof EL, Chaikof E, Fleischmann KE, Freeman WK, Froehlich JB, Kasper EK, Kersten JR, Riegel B, Robb JF, Smith SC, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW (2007). "ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 50 (17): 1707–32. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.001. PMID 17950159. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Cinà CS, Devereaux PJ (2006). "Coronary-artery revascularization before elective major vascular surgery. McFalls EO, ward HB, Moritz TE, Goldman S, Krupski WC, Littooy F, Pierpont G, Santilli S, Rapp J, Hattler B, Shunk K, Jaenicke C, Thottapurathu L, Ellis N, Reda DJ, Henderson WG. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351: 2795-804". Vascular Medicine (London, England). 11 (1): 61–3. PMID 16669417. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Schouten O, van Kuijk JP, Flu WJ, Winkel TA, Welten GM, Boersma E, Verhagen HJ, Bax JJ, Poldermans D (2009). "Long-term outcome of prophylactic coronary revascularization in cardiac high-risk patients undergoing major vascular surgery (from the randomized DECREASE-V Pilot Study)". The American Journal of Cardiology. 103 (7): 897–901. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.12.018. PMID 19327412. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Win HK, Caldera AE, Maresh K, Lopez J, Rihal CS, Parikh MA, Granada JF, Marulkar S, Nassif D, Cohen DJ, Kleiman NS (2007). "Clinical outcomes and stent thrombosis following off-label use of drug-eluting stents". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 297 (18): 2001–9. doi:10.1001/jama.297.18.2001. PMID 17488965. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 217.0 217.1 217.2 217.3 Eisenstein EL, Anstrom KJ, Kong DF, Shaw LK, Tuttle RH, Mark DB, Kramer JM, Harrington RA, Matchar DB, Kandzari DE, Peterson ED, Schulman KA, Califf RM (2007). "Clopidogrel use and long-term clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 297 (2): 159–68. doi:10.1001/jama.297.2.joc60179. PMID 17148711. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Moses JW, Leon MB, Popma JJ, Fitzgerald PJ, Holmes DR, O'Shaughnessy C, Caputo RP, Kereiakes DJ, Williams DO, Teirstein PS, Jaeger JL, Kuntz RE (2003). "Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery". The New England Journal of Medicine. 349 (14): 1315–23. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa035071. PMID 14523139. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stone GW, Ellis SG, Cox DA, Hermiller J, O'Shaughnessy C, Mann JT, Turco M, Caputo R, Bergin P, Greenberg J, Popma JJ, Russell ME (2004). "One-year clinical results with the slow-release, polymer-based, paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS stent: the TAXUS-IV trial". Circulation. 109 (16): 1942–7. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000127110.49192.72. PMID 15078803. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 220.0 220.1 220.2 Mauri L, Silbaugh TS, Garg P, Wolf RE, Zelevinsky K, Lovett A, Varma MR, Zhou Z, Normand SL (2008). "Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for acute myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (13): 1330–42. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801485. PMID 18815397. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 221.0 221.1 Stone GW, Lansky AJ, Pocock SJ, Gersh BJ, Dangas G, Wong SC, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, Peruga JZ, Brodie BR, Dudek D, Möckel M, Ochala A, Kellock A, Parise H, Mehran R (2009). "Paclitaxel-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in acute myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (19): 1946–59. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0810116. PMID 19420364. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mehilli J, Pache J, Abdel-Wahab M, Schulz S, Byrne RA, Tiroch K, Hausleiter J, Seyfarth M, Ott I, Ibrahim T, Fusaro M, Laugwitz KL, Massberg S, Neumann FJ, Richardt G, Schömig A, Kastrati A (2011). "Drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents in saphenous vein graft lesions (ISAR-CABG): a randomised controlled superiority trial". Lancet. 378 (9796): 1071–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61255-5. PMID 21872918. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pan XH, Chen YX, Xiang MX, Xu G, Wang JA (2010). "A meta-analysis of randomized trials on clinical outcomes of paclitaxel-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients". Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B. 11 (10): 754–61. doi:10.1631/jzus.B0900302. PMC 2950236. PMID 20872982. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hao PP, Chen YG, Wang XL, Zhang Y (2010). "Efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stents in patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Texas Heart Institute Journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital. 37 (5): 516–24. PMC 2953216. PMID 20978561.
|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Suh HS, Song HJ, Choi JE, Jang EJ, Son HJ, Lee SM, Kim JS, Choi D (2011). "Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. 27 (1): 11–22. doi:10.1017/S0266462310001340. PMID 21262083. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 226.0 226.1 Park DW, Park SW, Park KH, Lee BK, Kim YH, Lee CW, Hong MK, Kim JJ, Park SJ (2006). "Frequency of and risk factors for stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation during long-term follow-up". The American Journal of Cardiology. 98 (3): 352–6. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.02.039. PMID 16860022. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 227.0 227.1 Spertus JA, Kettelkamp R, Vance C, Decker C, Jones PG, Rumsfeld JS, Messenger JC, Khanal S, Peterson ED, Bach RG, Krumholz HM, Cohen DJ (2006). "Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of premature discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy after drug-eluting stent placement: results from the PREMIER registry". Circulation. 113 (24): 2803–9. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.618066. PMID 16769908. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 228.0 228.1 Nasser M, Kapeliovich M, Markiewicz W (2005). "Late thrombosis of sirolimus-eluting stents following noncardiac surgery". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 65 (4): 516–9. doi:10.1002/ccd.20391. PMID 15926177. Retrieved 2011-12-08. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hamilos M, Muller O, Cuisset T, Ntalianis A, Chlouverakis G, Sarno G, Nelis O, Bartunek J, Vanderheyden M, Wyffels E, Barbato E, Heyndrickx GR, Wijns W, De Bruyne B (2009). "Long-term clinical outcome after fractional flow reserve-guided treatment in patients with angiographically equivocal left main coronary artery stenosis". Circulation. 120 (15): 1505–12. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.850073. PMID 19786633. Retrieved 2011-12-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pijls NH, van Schaardenburgh P, Manoharan G, Boersma E, Bech JW, van't Veer M, Bär F, Hoorntje J, Koolen J, Wijns W, de Bruyne B (2007). "Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsignificant stenosis: 5-year follow-up of the DEFER Study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49 (21): 2105–11. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.087. PMID 17531660. Retrieved 2011-12-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pijls NH, Fearon WF, Tonino PA, Siebert U, Ikeno F, Bornschein B, van't Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstrøm T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, De Bruyne B (2010). "Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: 2-year follow-up of the FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 56 (3): 177–84. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.04.012. PMID 20537493. Retrieved 2011-12-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Tonino PA, Fearon WF, De Bruyne B, Oldroyd KG, Leesar MA, Ver Lee PN, Maccarthy PA, Van't Veer M, Pijls NH (2010). "Angiographic versus functional severity of coronary artery stenoses in the FAME study fractional flow reserve versus angiography in multivessel evaluation". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 55 (25): 2816–21. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.096. PMID 20579537. Retrieved 2011-12-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 233.0 233.1 Briguori C, Anzuini A, Airoldi F, Gimelli G, Nishida T, Adamian M, Corvaja N, Di Mario C, Colombo A (2001). "Intravascular ultrasound criteria for the assessment of the functional significance of intermediate coronary artery stenoses and comparison with fractional flow reserve". The American Journal of Cardiology. 87 (2): 136–41. PMID 11152827. Retrieved 2011-12-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 234.0 234.1 Fassa AA, Wagatsuma K, Higano ST, Mathew V, Barsness GW, Lennon RJ, Holmes DR, Lerman A (2005). "Intravascular ultrasound-guided treatment for angiographically indeterminate left main coronary artery disease: a long-term follow-up study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 45 (2): 204–11. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.09.066. PMID 15653016. Retrieved 2011-12-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kang SJ, Lee JY, Ahn JM, Mintz GS, Kim WJ, Park DW, Yun SC, Lee SW, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Park SJ (2011). "Validation of intravascular ultrasound-derived parameters with fractional flow reserve for assessment of coronary stenosis severity". Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions. 4 (1): 65–71. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.959148. PMID 21266708. Retrieved 2011-12-09. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Costanzo MR, Dipchand A, Starling R, Anderson A, Chan M, Desai S, Fedson S, Fisher P, Gonzales-Stawinski G, Martinelli L, McGiffin D, Smith J, Taylor D, Meiser B, Webber S, Baran D, Carboni M, Dengler T, Feldman D, Frigerio M, Kfoury A, Kim D, Kobashigawa J, Shullo M, Stehlik J, Teuteberg J, Uber P, Zuckermann A, Hunt S, Burch M, Bhat G, Canter C, Chinnock R, Crespo-Leiro M, Delgado R, Dobbels F, Grady K, Kao W, Lamour J, Parry G, Patel J, Pini D, Towbin J, Wolfel G, Delgado D, Eisen H, Goldberg L, Hosenpud J, Johnson M, Keogh A, Lewis C, O'Connell J, Rogers J, Ross H, Russell S, Vanhaecke J (2010). "The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients". The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation. 29 (8): 914–56. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2010.05.034. PMID 20643330. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kobashigawa JA, Tobis JM, Starling RC, Tuzcu EM, Smith AL, Valantine HA, Yeung AC, Mehra MR, Anzai H, Oeser BT, Abeywickrama KH, Murphy J, Cretin N (2005). "Multicenter intravascular ultrasound validation study among heart transplant recipients: outcomes after five years". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 45 (9): 1532–7. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.035. PMID 15862430. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kapadia SR, Nissen SE, Ziada KM, Guetta V, Crowe TD, Hobbs RE, Starling RC, Young JB, Tuzcu EM (1998). "Development of transplantation vasculopathy and progression of donor-transmitted atherosclerosis: comparison by serial intravascular ultrasound imaging". Circulation. 98 (24): 2672–8. PMID 9851952. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 239.0 239.1 239.2 239.3 239.4 Dangas GD, Claessen BE, Caixeta A, Sanidas EA, Mintz GS, Mehran R (2010). "In-stent restenosis in the drug-eluting stent era". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 56 (23): 1897–907. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.07.028. PMID 21109112. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Takagi A, Tsurumi Y, Ishii Y, Suzuki K, Kawana M, Kasanuki H (1999). "Clinical potential of intravascular ultrasound for physiological assessment of coronary stenosis: relationship between quantitative ultrasound tomography and pressure-derived fractional flow reserve". Circulation. 100 (3): 250–5. PMID 10411848. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Magni V, Chieffo A, Colombo A (2009). "Evaluation of intermediate coronary stenosis with intravascular ultrasound and fractional flow reserve: Its use and abuse". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 73 (4): 441–8. doi:10.1002/ccd.21812. PMID 19133668. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Park SJ, Kim YH, Park DW, Lee SW, Kim WJ, Suh J, Yun SC, Lee CW, Hong MK, Lee JH, Park SW (2009). "Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance on long-term mortality in stenting for unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis". Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2 (3): 167–77. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.799494. PMID 20031713. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 243.0 243.1 Moussa I, Di Mario C, Moses J, Reimers B, Di Francesco L, Martini G, Tobis J, Colombo A (1997). "Coronary stenting after rotational atherectomy in calcified and complex lesions. Angiographic and clinical follow-up results". Circulation. 96 (1): 128–36. PMID 9236427. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 244.0 244.1 Vaquerizo B, Serra A, Miranda F, Triano JL, Sierra G, Delgado G, Puentes A, Mojal S, Brugera J (2010). "Aggressive plaque modification with rotational atherectomy and/or cutting balloon before drug-eluting stent implantation for the treatment of calcified coronary lesions". Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 23 (3): 240–8. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8183.2010.00547.x. PMID 20636844. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 245.0 245.1 245.2 Bittl JA, Chew DP, Topol EJ, Kong DF, Califf RM (2004). "Meta-analysis of randomized trials of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus atherectomy, cutting balloon atherotomy, or laser angioplasty". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 43 (6): 936–42. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.039. PMID 15028347. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mauri L, Reisman M, Buchbinder M, Popma JJ, Sharma SK, Cutlip DE, Ho KK, Prpic R, Zimetbaum PJ, Kuntz RE (2003). "Comparison of rotational atherectomy with conventional balloon angioplasty in the prevention of restenosis of small coronary arteries: results of the Dilatation vs Ablation Revascularization Trial Targeting Restenosis (DART)". American Heart Journal. 145 (5): 847–54. doi:10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00080-2. PMID 12766743. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 247.0 247.1 Reifart N, Vandormael M, Krajcar M, Göhring S, Preusler W, Schwarz F, Störger H, Hofmann M, Klöpper J, Müller S, Haase J (1997). "Randomized comparison of angioplasty of complex coronary lesions at a single center. Excimer Laser, Rotational Atherectomy, and Balloon Angioplasty Comparison (ERBAC) Study". Circulation. 96 (1): 91–8. PMID 9236422. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ vom Dahl J, Dietz U, Haager PK, Silber S, Niccoli L, Buettner HJ, Schiele F, Thomas M, Commeau P, Ramsdale DR, Garcia E, Hamm CW, Hoffmann R, Reineke T, Klues HG (2002). "Rotational atherectomy does not reduce recurrent in-stent restenosis: results of the angioplasty versus rotational atherectomy for treatment of diffuse in-stent restenosis trial (ARTIST)". Circulation. 105 (5): 583–8. PMID 11827923. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sardella G, Mancone M, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Agati L, Scardala R, Carbone I, Francone M, Di Roma A, Benedetti G, Conti G, Fedele F (2009). "Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention improves myocardial reperfusion and reduces infarct size: the EXPIRA (thrombectomy with export catheter in infarct-related artery during primary percutaneous coronary intervention) prospective, randomized trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 53 (4): 309–15. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.017. PMID 19161878. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Vlaar PJ, Svilaas T, van der Horst IC, Diercks GF, Fokkema ML, de Smet BJ, van den Heuvel AF, Anthonio RL, Jessurun GA, Tan ES, Suurmeijer AJ, Zijlstra F (2008). "Cardiac death and reinfarction after 1 year in the Thrombus Aspiration during Percutaneous coronary intervention in Acute myocardial infarction Study (TAPAS): a 1-year follow-up study". Lancet. 371 (9628): 1915–20. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60833-8. PMID 18539223. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bavry AA, Kumbhani DJ, Bhatt DL (2008). "Role of adjunctive thrombectomy and embolic protection devices in acute myocardial infarction: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized trials". European Heart Journal. 29 (24): 2989–3001. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn421. PMID 18812323. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Noble S, Bilodeau L (2008). "High energy excimer laser to treat coronary in-stent restenosis in an underexpanded stent". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 71 (6): 803–7. doi:10.1002/ccd.21490. PMID 18324694. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stone GW, de Marchena E, Dageforde D, Foschi A, Muhlestein JB, McIvor M, Rizik D, Vanderlaan R, McDonnell J (1997). "Prospective, randomized, multicenter comparison of laser-facilitated balloon angioplasty versus stand-alone balloon angioplasty in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. The Laser Angioplasty Versus Angioplasty (LAVA) Trial Investigators". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 30 (7): 1714–21. PMID 9385898. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 254.0 254.1 Albiero R, Silber S, Di Mario C, Cernigliaro C, Battaglia S, Reimers B, Frasheri A, Klauss V, Auge JM, Rubartelli P, Morice MC, Cremonesi A, Schofer J, Bortone A, Colombo A (2004). "Cutting balloon versus conventional balloon angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis: results of the restenosis cutting balloon evaluation trial (RESCUT)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 43 (6): 943–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.054. PMID 15028348. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mauri L, Bonan R, Weiner BH, Legrand V, Bassand JP, Popma JJ, Niemyski P, Prpic R, Ho KK, Chauhan MS, Cutlip DE, Bertrand OF, Kuntz RE (2002). "Cutting balloon angioplasty for the prevention of restenosis: results of the Cutting Balloon Global Randomized Trial". The American Journal of Cardiology. 90 (10): 1079–83. PMID 12423707. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 256.0 256.1 Baim DS, Wahr D, George B, Leon MB, Greenberg J, Cutlip DE, Kaya U, Popma JJ, Ho KK, Kuntz RE (2002). "Randomized trial of a distal embolic protection device during percutaneous intervention of saphenous vein aorto-coronary bypass grafts". Circulation. 105 (11): 1285–90. PMID 11901037. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 257.0 257.1 Coolong A, Baim DS, Kuntz RE, O'Malley AJ, Marulkar S, Cutlip DE, Popma JJ, Mauri L (2008). "Saphenous vein graft stenting and major adverse cardiac events: a predictive model derived from a pooled analysis of 3958 patients". Circulation. 117 (6): 790–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.651232. PMID 18212287. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 258.0 258.1 Mauri L, Cox D, Hermiller J, Massaro J, Wahr J, Tay SW, Jonas M, Popma JJ, Pavliska J, Wahr D, Rogers C (2007). "The PROXIMAL trial: proximal protection during saphenous vein graft intervention using the Proxis Embolic Protection System: a randomized, prospective, multicenter clinical trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 50 (15): 1442–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.039. PMID 17919563. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 259.0 259.1 Stone GW, Rogers C, Hermiller J, Feldman R, Hall P, Haber R, Masud A, Cambier P, Caputo RP, Turco M, Kovach R, Brodie B, Herrmann HC, Kuntz RE, Popma JJ, Ramee S, Cox DA (2003). "Randomized comparison of distal protection with a filter-based catheter and a balloon occlusion and aspiration system during percutaneous intervention of diseased saphenous vein aorto-coronary bypass grafts". Circulation. 108 (5): 548–53. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000080894.51311.0A. PMID 12874191. Retrieved 2011-12-10. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 260.0 260.1 Barnathan ES, Schwartz JS, Taylor L, Laskey WK, Kleaveland JP, Kussmaul WG, Hirshfeld JW (1987). "Aspirin and dipyridamole in the prevention of acute coronary thrombosis complicating coronary angioplasty". Circulation. 76 (1): 125–34. PMID 2954724. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 261.0 261.1 261.2 Jolly SS, Pogue J, Haladyn K, Peters RJ, Fox KA, Avezum A, Gersh BJ, Rupprecht HJ, Yusuf S, Mehta SR (2009). "Effects of aspirin dose on ischaemic events and bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the PCI-CURE study". European Heart Journal. 30 (8): 900–7. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn417. PMID 18819961. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 262.0 262.1 Popma JJ, Berger P, Ohman EM, Harrington RA, Grines C, Weitz JI (2004). "Antithrombotic therapy during percutaneous coronary intervention: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy". Chest. 126 (3 Suppl): 576S–599S. doi:10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.576S. PMID 15383485. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 263.0 263.1 Schömig A, Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, Schühlen H, Blasini R, Hadamitzky M, Walter H, Zitzmann-Roth EM, Richardt G, Alt E, Schmitt C, Ulm K (1996). "A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents". The New England Journal of Medicine. 334 (17): 1084–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199604253341702. PMID 8598866. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 264.0 264.1 "Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 324 (7329): 71–86. 2002. PMC 64503. PMID 11786451. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 265.0 265.1 Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R, Emberson J, Godwin J, Peto R, Buring J, Hennekens C, Kearney P, Meade T, Patrono C, Roncaglioni MC, Zanchetti A (2009). "Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials". Lancet. 373 (9678): 1849–60. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60503-1. PMC 2715005. PMID 19482214. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 266.0 266.1 Smith SC, Allen J, Blair SN, Bonow RO, Brass LM, Fonarow GC, Grundy SM, Hiratzka L, Jones D, Krumholz HM, Mosca L, Pasternak RC, Pearson T, Pfeffer MA, Taubert KA (2006). "AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute". Circulation. 113 (19): 2363–72. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174516. PMID 16702489. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 267.0 267.1 Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Zaman KA, Yoho JA, Hayes KM, Tantry US (2005). "Clopidogrel loading with eptifibatide to arrest the reactivity of platelets: results of the Clopidogrel Loading With Eptifibatide to Arrest the Reactivity of Platelets (CLEAR PLATELETS) study". Circulation. 111 (9): 1153–9. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000157138.02645.11. PMID 15738352. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 268.0 268.1 268.2 Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, López-Sendón JL, Montalescot G, Theroux P, Lewis BS, Murphy SA, McCabe CH, Braunwald E (2005). "Effect of clopidogrel pretreatment before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytics: the PCI-CLARITY study". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 294 (10): 1224–32. doi:10.1001/jama.294.10.1224. PMID 16143698. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ 269.0 269.1 van der Heijden DJ, Westendorp IC, Riezebos RK, Kiemeneij F, Slagboom T, van der Wieken LR, Laarman GJ (2004). "Lack of efficacy of clopidogrel pre-treatment in the prevention of myocardial damage after elective stent implantation". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 44 (1): 20–4. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.02.056. PMID 15234399. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 270.0 270.1 270.2 270.3 270.4 270.5 270.6 Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, Neumann FJ, Ardissino D, De Servi S, Murphy SA, Riesmeyer J, Weerakkody G, Gibson CM, Antman EM (2007). "Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes". The New England Journal of Medicine. 357 (20): 2001–15. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0706482. PMID 17982182. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 271.0 271.1 271.2 271.3 271.4 271.5 Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, Cannon CP, Emanuelsson H, Held C, Horrow J, Husted S, James S, Katus H, Mahaffey KW, Scirica BM, Skene A, Steg PG, Storey RF, Harrington RA, Freij A, Thorsén M (2009). "Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (11): 1045–57. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0904327. PMID 19717846. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Xie JX, Pan HC, Peto R, Collins R, Liu LS (2005). "Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial". Lancet. 366 (9497): 1607–21. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67660-X. PMID 16271642. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 273.0 273.1 Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, Copland I, Fox KA (2001). "Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study". Lancet. 358 (9281): 527–33. PMID 11520521. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 274.0 274.1 274.2 Brar SS, Kim J, Brar SK, Zadegan R, Ree M, Liu IL, Mansukhani P, Aharonian V, Hyett R, Shen AY (2008). "Long-term outcomes by clopidogrel duration and stent type in a diabetic population with de novo coronary artery lesions". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 51 (23): 2220–7. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.063. PMID 18534267. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 275.0 275.1 Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT, Fry ET, DeLago A, Wilmer C, Topol EJ (2002). "Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 288 (19): 2411–20. PMID 12435254. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 276.0 276.1 Patrono C, Baigent C, Hirsh J, Roth G (2008). "Antiplatelet drugs: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)". Chest. 133 (6 Suppl): 199S–233S. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0672. PMID 18574266. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 277.0 277.1 Steinhubl SR, Bhatt DL, Brennan DM, Montalescot G, Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Berger PB, Topol EJ (2009). "Aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease: the association of aspirin dose and clopidogrel with thrombosis and bleeding". Annals of Internal Medicine. 150 (6): 379–86. PMID 19293071. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ 278.0 278.1 Serebruany VL, Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Malinin AI, Baggish JS, Bhatt DL, Topol EJ (2005). "Analysis of risk of bleeding complications after different doses of aspirin in 192,036 patients enrolled in 31 randomized controlled trials". The American Journal of Cardiology. 95 (10): 1218–22. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.01.049. PMID 15877994. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 279.0 279.1 Peters RJ, Mehta SR, Fox KA, Zhao F, Lewis BS, Kopecky SL, Diaz R, Commerford PJ, Valentin V, Yusuf S (2003). "Effects of aspirin dose when used alone or in combination with clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes: observations from the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) study". Circulation. 108 (14): 1682–7. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000091201.39590.CB. PMID 14504182. Retrieved 2011-12-13. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Antoniucci D, Migliorini A, Parodi G, Valenti R, Rodriguez A, Hempel A, Memisha G, Santoro GM (2004). "Abciximab-supported infarct artery stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction and long-term survival: a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing infarct artery stenting plus abciximab with stenting alone". Circulation. 109 (14): 1704–6. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000126284.40075.98. PMID 15066943. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, Schmitt C, Blasini R, Hadamitzky M, Mehilli J, Gawaz M, Schleef M, Seyfarth M, Dirschinger J, Schömig A (2000). "Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade with abciximab on clinical and angiographic restenosis rate after the placement of coronary stents following acute myocardial infarction". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 35 (4): 915–21. PMID 10732888. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stone GW, Grines CL, Cox DA, Garcia E, Tcheng JE, Griffin JJ, Guagliumi G, Stuckey T, Turco M, Carroll JD, Rutherford BD, Lansky AJ (2002). "Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 346 (13): 957–66. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa013404. PMID 11919304. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Montalescot G, Barragan P, Wittenberg O, Ecollan P, Elhadad S, Villain P, Boulenc JM, Morice MC, Maillard L, Pansiéri M, Choussat R, Pinton P (2001). "Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 344 (25): 1895–903. doi:10.1056/NEJM200106213442503. PMID 11419426. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Stone GW, Antoniucci D, Tcheng JE, Neumann FJ, Van de Werf F, Antman EM, Topol EJ (2005). "Abciximab as adjunctive therapy to reperfusion in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 293 (14): 1759–65. doi:10.1001/jama.293.14.1759. PMID 15827315. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 285.0 285.1 Mehilli J, Kastrati A, Schulz S, Früngel S, Nekolla SG, Moshage W, Dotzer F, Huber K, Pache J, Dirschinger J, Seyfarth M, Martinoff S, Schwaiger M, Schömig A (2009). "Abciximab in patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel loading: a randomized double-blind trial". Circulation. 119 (14): 1933–40. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.818617. PMID 19332467. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ De Luca G, Navarese E, Marino P (2009). "Risk profile and benefits from Gp IIb-IIIa inhibitors among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty: a meta-regression analysis of randomized trials". European Heart Journal. 30 (22): 2705–13. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp118. PMC 2777025. PMID 19875386. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bellandi F, Maioli M, Gallopin M, Toso A, Dabizzi RP (2004). "Increase of myocardial salvage and left ventricular function recovery with intracoronary abciximab downstream of the coronary occlusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary intervention". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 62 (2): 186–92. doi:10.1002/ccd.20041. PMID 15170708. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Romagnoli E, Burzotta F, Trani C, Mazzari MA, Biondi-Zoccai GG, De Vita M, Giannico F, Niccoli G, Prati F, Rebuzzi AG, Mongiardo R, Crea F (2005). "Angiographic evaluation of the effect of intracoronary abciximab administration in patients undergoing urgent PCI". International Journal of Cardiology. 105 (3): 250–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.11.037. PMID 16274764. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Iversen A, Galatius S, Jensen JS (2008). "The Optimal Route of Administration of the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonist Abciximab During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Intravenous Versus Intracoronary". Current Cardiology Reviews. 4 (4): 293–9. doi:10.2174/157340308786349480. PMC 2801861. PMID 20066137. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Wöhrle J, Nusser T, Mayer C, Kochs M, Hombach V (2008). "Intracoronary application of abciximab in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction". EuroIntervention : Journal of EuroPCR in Collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 3 (4): 465–9. PMID 19736089. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Kakkar AK, Moustapha A, Hanley HG, Weiss M, Caldito G, Misra P, Reddy PC, Tandon N (2004). "Comparison of intracoronary vs. intravenous administration of abciximab in coronary stenting". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 61 (1): 31–4. doi:10.1002/ccd.10730. PMID 14696156. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bertrand OF, Rodés-Cabau J, Larose E, Rinfret S, Gaudreault V, Proulx G, Barbeau G, Déry JP, Gleeton O, Manh-Nguyen C, Noël B, Roy L, Costerousse O, De Larochellière R (2010). "Intracoronary compared to intravenous Abciximab and high-dose bolus compared to standard dose in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing transradial primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a two-by-two factorial placebo-controlled randomized study". The American Journal of Cardiology. 105 (11): 1520–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.01.006. PMID 20494655. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wöhrle J, Grebe OC, Nusser T, Al-Khayer E, Schaible S, Kochs M, Hombach V, Höher M (2003). "Reduction of major adverse cardiac events with intracoronary compared with intravenous bolus application of abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina undergoing coronary angioplasty". Circulation. 107 (14): 1840–3. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000066852.98038.D1. PMID 12682003. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Deibele AJ, Kirtane AJ, Pinto DS, Lucca MJ, Neva C, Shui A, Murphy SA, Tcheng JE, Gibson CM (2006). "Intracoronary bolus administration of eptifibatide during percutaneous coronary stenting for non ST elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina". Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 22 (1): 47–50. doi:10.1007/s11239-006-7454-8. PMID 16786232. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Yang XC, Zhang DP, Wang LF, Xu L, Ge YG, Wang HS, Li WM, Ni ZH, Xia K, Lian Y, Xue YL, Ma LX (2007). "[Effects of intracoronary or intravenous tirofiban administration in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention]". Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi (in Chinese). 35 (6): 517–22. PMID 17711710. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Hansen PR, Iversen A, Abdulla J (2010). "Improved clinical outcomes with intracoronary compared to intravenous abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 22 (6): 278–82. PMID 20516508. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Galache Osuna JG, Sánchez-Rubio J, Calvo I, Diarte JA, Lukic A, Placer LJ (2006). "[Does intracoronary abciximab improve the outcome of percutaneous coronary interventions? A randomized controlled trial]". Revista Española De Cardiología (in Spanish; Castilian). 59 (6): 567–74. PMID 16790200. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wu TG, Zhao Q, Huang WG, Wei JR, Chen SW, Zhao J, Huang LP, Wang LX (2008). "Effect of intracoronary tirofiban in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome". Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 72 (10): 1605–9. PMID 18753700. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Marciniak SJ, Mascelli MA, Furman MI, Michelson AD, Jakubowski JA, Jordan RE, Marchese PJ, Frelinger AL (2002). "An additional mechanism of action of abciximab: dispersal of newly formed platelet aggregates". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 87 (6): 1020–5. PMID 12083481. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Deibele AJ, Jennings LK, Tcheng JE, Neva C, Earhart AD, Gibson CM (2010). "Intracoronary eptifibatide bolus administration during percutaneous coronary revascularization for acute coronary syndromes with evaluation of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor occupancy and platelet function: the Intracoronary Eptifibatide (ICE) Trial". Circulation. 121 (6): 784–91. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.882746. PMID 20124127. Retrieved 2011-12-14. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Montalescot G, Borentain M, Payot L, Collet JP, Thomas D (2004). "Early vs late administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in primary percutaneous coronary intervention of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 292 (3): 362–6. doi:10.1001/jama.292.3.362. PMID 15265852. Retrieved 2011-12-12. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Maioli M, Bellandi F, Leoncini M, Toso A, Dabizzi RP (2007). "Randomized early versus late abciximab in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary intervention (RELAx-AMI Trial)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49 (14): 1517–24. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.036. PMID 17418289. Retrieved 2011-12-12. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2006). "Comparison of primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: quantitative review of randomised trials". Lancet. 367 (9510): 579–88. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68148-8. PMID 16488801. Retrieved 2011-12-12. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Van't Hof AW, Ten Berg J, Heestermans T, Dill T, Funck RC, van Werkum W, Dambrink JH, Suryapranata H, van Houwelingen G, Ottervanger JP, Stella P, Giannitsis E, Hamm C (2008). "Prehospital initiation of tirofiban in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty (On-TIME 2): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 372 (9638): 537–46. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61235-0. PMID 18707985. Retrieved 2011-12-12. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ ten Berg JM, van 't Hof AW, Dill T, Heestermans T, van Werkum JW, Mosterd A, van Houwelingen G, Koopmans PC, Stella PR, Boersma E, Hamm C (2010). "Effect of early, pre-hospital initiation of high bolus dose tirofiban in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on short- and long-term clinical outcome". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 55 (22): 2446–55. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.091. PMID 20510211. Retrieved 2011-12-12. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ellis SG, Tendera M, de Belder MA, van Boven AJ, Widimsky P, Andersen HR, Betriu A, Savonitto S, Adamus J, Peruga JZ, Hamankiewicz M, Pluta W, Oldroyd K, Ecollan P, Janssens L, Armstrong P, Brodie BR, Herrmann HC, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Effron MB, Barnathan ES, Topol EJ (2009). "1-year survival in a randomized trial of facilitated reperfusion: results from the FINESSE (Facilitated Intervention with Enhanced Reperfusion Speed to Stop Events) trial". JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2 (10): 909–16. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2009.07.009. PMID 19850248. Retrieved 2011-12-12. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ellis SG, Tendera M, de Belder MA, van Boven AJ, Widimsky P, Janssens L, Andersen HR, Betriu A, Savonitto S, Adamus J, Peruga JZ, Kosmider M, Katz O, Neunteufl T, Jorgova J, Dorobantu M, Grinfeld L, Armstrong P, Brodie BR, Herrmann HC, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Effron MB, Barnathan ES, Topol EJ (2008). "Facilitated PCI in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (21): 2205–17. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0706816. PMID 18499565. Retrieved 2011-12-12. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ El Khoury C, Dubien PY, Mercier C, Belle L, Debaty G, Capel O, Perret T, Savary D, Serre P, Bonnefoy E (2010). "Prehospital high-dose tirofiban in patients undergoing primary percutaneous intervention. The AGIR-2 study". Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. 103 (5): 285–92. doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2010.04.005. PMID 20619238. Retrieved 2011-12-12. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization. The EPILOG Investigators". The New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (24): 1689–96. 1997. doi:10.1056/NEJM199706123362401. PMID 9182212. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Boersma E, Akkerhuis KM, Théroux P, Califf RM, Topol EJ, Simoons ML (1999). "Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: early benefit during medical treatment only, with additional protection during percutaneous coronary intervention". Circulation. 100 (20): 2045–8. PMID 10562258. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hamm CW, Heeschen C, Goldmann B, Vahanian A, Adgey J, Miguel CM, Rutsch W, Berger J, Kootstra J, Simoons ML (1999). "Benefit of abciximab in patients with refractory unstable angina in relation to serum troponin T levels. c7E3 Fab Antiplatelet Therapy in Unstable Refractory Angina (CAPTURE) Study Investigators". The New England Journal of Medicine. 340 (21): 1623–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199905273402103. PMID 10341274. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 312.0 312.1 Sosnowski C (2006). "[Commentary to the article: Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Neumann FJ, et al. Abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel pretreatment: the ISAR-REACT 2 randomized trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 1531-8]". Kardiologia Polska (in Polish). 64 (8): 913–6, discussion 917–8. PMID 16981067. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Roffi M, Chew DP, Mukherjee D, Bhatt DL, White JA, Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Moliterno DJ, Califf RM, White HD, Kleiman NS, Théroux P, Topol EJ (2001). "Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors reduce mortality in diabetic patients with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes". Circulation. 104 (23): 2767–71. PMID 11733392. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in high-risk coronary angioplasty. The EPIC Investigation". The New England Journal of Medicine. 330 (14): 956–61. 1994. doi:10.1056/NEJM199404073301402. PMID 8121459. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 315.0 315.1 315.2 Valgimigli M, Percoco G, Barbieri D, Ferrari F, Guardigli G, Parrinello G, Soukhomovskaia O, Ferrari R (2004). "The additive value of tirofiban administered with the high-dose bolus in the prevention of ischemic complications during high-risk coronary angioplasty: the ADVANCE Trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 44 (1): 14–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.03.042. PMID 15234398. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Randomised placebo-controlled and balloon-angioplasty-controlled trial to assess safety of coronary stenting with use of platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa blockade". Lancet. 352 (9122): 87–92. 1998. PMID 9672272. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Novel dosing regimen of eptifibatide in planned coronary stent implantation (ESPRIT): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial". Lancet. 356 (9247): 2037–44. 2000. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03400-0. PMID 11145489. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Schühlen H, Dirschinger J, Dotzer F, ten Berg JM, Neumann FJ, Bollwein H, Volmer C, Gawaz M, Berger PB, Schömig A (2004). "A clinical trial of abciximab in elective percutaneous coronary intervention after pretreatment with clopidogrel". The New England Journal of Medicine. 350 (3): 232–8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa031859. PMID 14724302. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mehilli J, Kastrati A, Schühlen H, Dibra A, Dotzer F, von Beckerath N, Bollwein H, Pache J, Dirschinger J, Berger PP, Schömig A (2004). "Randomized clinical trial of abciximab in diabetic patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary interventions after treatment with a high loading dose of clopidogrel". Circulation. 110 (24): 3627–35. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000148956.93631.4D. PMID 15531766. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hausleiter J, Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Schühlen H, Pache J, Dotzer F, Glatthor C, Siebert S, Dirschinger J, Schömig A (2004). "A randomized trial comparing phosphorylcholine-coated stenting with balloon angioplasty as well as abciximab with placebo for restenosis reduction in small coronary arteries". Journal of Internal Medicine. 256 (5): 388–97. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01398.x. PMID 15485474. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 321.0 321.1 321.2 Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Antman EM, Cohen M, Grines CL, Goodman S, Kereiakes DJ, Langer A, Mahaffey KW, Nessel CC, Armstrong PW, Avezum A, Aylward P, Becker RC, Biasucci L, Borzak S, Col J, Frey MJ, Fry E, Gulba DC, Guneri S, Gurfinkel E, Harrington R, Hochman JS, Kleiman NS, Leon MB, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pepine CJ, Ruzyllo W, Steinhubl SR, Teirstein PS, Toro-Figueroa L, White H (2004). "Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy: primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 292 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1001/jama.292.1.45. PMID 15238590. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Cohen M, Levine GN, Pieper KS, Lan L, Antman EM, Aylward PE, White HD, Kleiman NS, Califf RM, Mahaffey KW (2010). "Enoxaparin 0.3 mg/kg IV supplement for patients transitioning to PCI after subcutaneous enoxaparin therapy for NSTE ACS: a subgroup analysis from the SYNERGY trial". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 75 (6): 928–35. doi:10.1002/ccd.22340. PMID 20432399. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Collet JP, Montalescot G, Golmard JL, Tanguy ML, Ankri A, Choussat R, Beygui F, Drobinski G, Vignolles N, Thomas D (2004). "Subcutaneous enoxaparin with early invasive strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes". American Heart Journal. 147 (4): 655–61. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2003.10.019. PMID 15077081. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Levine GN, Ferrando T (2004). "Degree of anticoagulation after one subcutaneous and one subsequent intravenous booster dose of enoxaparin: implications for patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention" (PDF). Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 17 (3): 167–71. doi:10.1023/B:THRO.0000040484.99422.77. PMID 15353913. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Martin JL, Fry ET, Sanderink GJ, Atherley TH, Guimart CM, Chevalier PJ, Ozoux ML, Pensyl CE, Bigonzi F (2004). "Reliable anticoagulation with enoxaparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin in PCI (PEPCI) study". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 61 (2): 163–70. doi:10.1002/ccd.10726. PMID 14755805. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Brieger D, Collet JP, Silvain J, Landivier A, Barthélémy O, Beygui F, Bellemain-Appaix A, Mercadier A, Choussat R, Vignolles N, Costagliola D, Montalescot G (2011). "Heparin or enoxaparin anticoagulation for primary percutaneous coronary intervention". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 77 (2): 182–90. doi:10.1002/ccd.22674. PMID 20578166. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Choussat R, Montalescot G, Collet JP, Vicaut E, Ankri A, Gallois V, Drobinski G, Sotirov I, Thomas D (2002). "A unique, low dose of intravenous enoxaparin in elective percutaneous coronary intervention". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 40 (11): 1943–50. PMID 12475453. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Montalescot G, Gallo R, White HD, Cohen M, Steg PG, Aylward PE, Bode C, Chiariello M, King SB, Harrington RA, Desmet WJ, Macaya C, Steinhubl SR (2009). "Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in elective percutaneous coronary intervention 1-year results from the STEEPLE (SafeTy and efficacy of enoxaparin in percutaneous coronary intervention patients, an international randomized evaluation) trial". JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2 (11): 1083–91. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2009.08.016. PMID 19926048. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Drouet L, Bal dit Sollier C, Martin J (2009). "Adding intravenous unfractionated heparin to standard enoxaparin causes excessive anticoagulation not detected by activated clotting time: results of the STACK-on to ENOXaparin (STACKENOX) study". American Heart Journal. 158 (2): 177–84. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2009.05.022. PMID 19619692. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ De Luca G, Cassetti E, Verdoia M, Marino P (2009). "Bivalirudin as compared to unfractionated heparin among patients undergoing coronary angioplasty: A meta-analyis of randomised trials". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 102 (3): 428–36. doi:10.1160/TH09-05-0287. PMID 19718462. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Lincoff AM, Steinhubl SR, Manoukian SV, Chew D, Pollack CV, Feit F, Ware JH, Bertrand ME, Ohman EM, Desmet W, Cox DA, Mehran R, Stone GW (2008). "Influence of timing of clopidogrel treatment on the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an analysis of the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY) trial". JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 1 (6): 639–48. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2008.10.004. PMID 19463378. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kastrati A, Neumann FJ, Mehilli J, Byrne RA, Iijima R, Büttner HJ, Khattab AA, Schulz S, Blankenship JC, Pache J, Minners J, Seyfarth M, Graf I, Skelding KA, Dirschinger J, Richardt G, Berger PB, Schömig A (2008). "Bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention". The New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (7): 688–96. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0802944. PMID 18703471. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Lincoff AM, Kleiman NS, Kereiakes DJ, Feit F, Bittl JA, Jackman JD, Sarembock IJ, Cohen DJ, Spriggs D, Ebrahimi R, Keren G, Carr J, Cohen EA, Betriu A, Desmet W, Rutsch W, Wilcox RG, de Feyter PJ, Vahanian A, Topol EJ (2004). "Long-term efficacy of bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade vs heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary revascularization: REPLACE-2 randomized trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 292 (6): 696–703. doi:10.1001/jama.292.6.696. PMID 15304466. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mehran R, Lansky AJ, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, Peruga JZ, Brodie BR, Dudek D, Kornowski R, Hartmann F, Gersh BJ, Pocock SJ, Wong SC, Nikolsky E, Gambone L, Vandertie L, Parise H, Dangas GD, Stone GW (2009). "Bivalirudin in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (HORIZONS-AMI): 1-year results of a randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 374 (9696): 1149–59. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61484-7. PMID 19717185. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Schulz S, Mehilli J, Ndrepepa G, Neumann FJ, Birkmeier KA, Kufner S, Richardt G, Berger PB, Schömig A, Kastrati A (2010). "Bivalirudin vs. unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris: 1-year results of the ISAR-REACT 3 trial". European Heart Journal. 31 (5): 582–7. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq008. PMID 20150324. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, Bertrand ME, Lincoff AM, Moses JW, White HD, Pocock SJ, Ware JH, Feit F, Colombo A, Aylward PE, Cequier AR, Darius H, Desmet W, Ebrahimi R, Hamon M, Rasmussen LH, Rupprecht HJ, Hoekstra J, Mehran R, Ohman EM (2006). "Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (21): 2203–16. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa062437. PMID 17124018. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stone GW, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, Peruga JZ, Brodie BR, Dudek D, Kornowski R, Hartmann F, Gersh BJ, Pocock SJ, Dangas G, Wong SC, Kirtane AJ, Parise H, Mehran R (2008). "Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (21): 2218–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0708191. PMID 18499566. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Dangas G, Mehran R, Guagliumi G, Caixeta A, Witzenbichler B, Aoki J, Peruga JZ, Brodie BR, Dudek D, Kornowski R, Rabbani LE, Parise H, Stone GW (2009). "Role of clopidogrel loading dose in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty: results from the HORIZONS-AMI (harmonizing outcomes with revascularization and stents in acute myocardial infarction) trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 54 (15): 1438–46. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.021. PMID 19796737. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Lewis BE, Matthai WH, Cohen M, Moses JW, Hursting MJ, Leya F (2002). "Argatroban anticoagulation during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 57 (2): 177–84. doi:10.1002/ccd.10276. PMID 12357516. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mahaffey KW, Lewis BE, Wildermann NM, Berkowitz SD, Oliverio RM, Turco MA, Shalev Y, Ver Lee P, Traverse JH, Rodriguez AR, Ohman EM, Harrington RA, Califf RM (2003). "The anticoagulant therapy with bivalirudin to assist in the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (ATBAT) study: main results". The Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 15 (11): 611–6. PMID 14608128. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Afzal R, Pogue J, Granger CB, Budaj A, Peters RJ, Bassand JP, Wallentin L, Joyner C, Fox KA (2006). "Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes". The New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (14): 1464–76. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055443. PMID 16537663. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Afzal R, Pogue J, Granger CB, Budaj A, Peters RJ, Bassand JP, Wallentin L, Joyner C, Fox KA (2006). "Effects of fondaparinux on mortality and reinfarction in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the OASIS-6 randomized trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 295 (13): 1519–30. doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.joc60038. PMID 16537725. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Amit G, Cafri C, Yaroslavtsev S, Fuchs S, Paltiel O, Abu-Ful A, Weinstein JM, Wolak A, Ilia R, Zahger D (2006). "Intracoronary nitroprusside for the prevention of the no-reflow phenomenon after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial". American Heart Journal. 152 (5): 887.e9–14. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2006.05.010. PMID 17070151. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Assali AR, Sdringola S, Ghani M, Denkats AE, Yepes A, Hanna GP, Schroth G, Fujise K, Anderson HV, Smalling RW, Rosales OR (2000). <27::AID-CCD7>3.0.CO;2-0 "Intracoronary adenosine administered during percutaneous intervention in acute myocardial infarction and reduction in the incidence of "no reflow" phenomenon". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 51 (1): 27–31, discussion 32. PMID 10973014. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Barcin C, Denktas AE, Lennon RJ, Hammes L, Higano ST, Holmes DR, Garratt KN, Lerman A (2004). "Comparison of combination therapy of adenosine and nitroprusside with adenosine alone in the treatment of angiographic no-reflow phenomenon". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 61 (4): 484–91. doi:10.1002/ccd.20010. PMID 15065143. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Fischell TA, Haller S, Pulukurthy S, Virk IS (2008). "Nicardipine and adenosine "flush cocktail" to prevent no-reflow during rotational atherectomy". Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine : Including Molecular Interventions. 9 (4): 224–8. doi:10.1016/j.carrev.2008.03.002. PMID 18928946. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ↑ Hillegass WB, Dean NA, Liao L, Rhinehart RG, Myers PR (2001). "Treatment of no-reflow and impaired flow with the nitric oxide donor nitroprusside following percutaneous coronary interventions: initial human clinical experience". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 37 (5): 1335–43. PMID 11300444. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Huang RI, Patel P, Walinsky P, Fischman DL, Ogilby JD, Awar M, Frankil C, Savage MP (2006). "Efficacy of intracoronary nicardipine in the treatment of no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 68 (5): 671–6. doi:10.1002/ccd.20885. PMID 17034064. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ito H, Taniyama Y, Iwakura K, Nishikawa N, Masuyama T, Kuzuya T, Hori M, Higashino Y, Fujii K, Minamino T (1999). "Intravenous nicorandil can preserve microvascular integrity and myocardial viability in patients with reperfused anterior wall myocardial infarction". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 33 (3): 654–60. PMID 10080465. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kaplan BM, Benzuly KH, Kinn JW, Bowers TR, Tilli FV, Grines CL, O'Neill WW, Safian RD (1996). "Treatment of no-reflow in degenerated saphenous vein graft interventions: comparison of intracoronary verapamil and nitroglycerin". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis. 39 (2): 113–8. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0304(199610)39:2<113::AID-CCD1>3.0.CO;2-I. PMID 8922307. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Marzilli M, Orsini E, Marraccini P, Testa R (2000). "Beneficial effects of intracoronary adenosine as an adjunct to primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction". Circulation. 101 (18): 2154–9. PMID 10801755. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ono H, Osanai T, Ishizaka H, Hanada H, Kamada T, Onodera H, Fujita N, Sasaki S, Matsunaga T, Okumura K (2004). "Nicorandil improves cardiac function and clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: role of inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species formation". American Heart Journal. 148 (4): E15. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.05.014. PMID 15459610. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Piana RN, Paik GY, Moscucci M, Cohen DJ, Gibson CM, Kugelmass AD, Carrozza JP, Kuntz RE, Baim DS (1994). "Incidence and treatment of 'no-reflow' after percutaneous coronary intervention". Circulation. 89 (6): 2514–8. PMID 8205658. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ross AM, Gibbons RJ, Stone GW, Kloner RA, Alexander RW (2005). "A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of adenosine as an adjunct to reperfusion in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMISTAD-II)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 45 (11): 1775–80. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.061. PMID 15936605. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sdringola S, Assali A, Ghani M, Yepes A, Rosales O, Schroth GW, Fujise K, Anderson HV, Smalling RW (2000). <394::AID-CCD4>3.0.CO;2-G "Adenosine use during aortocoronary vein graft interventions reverses but does not prevent the slow-no reflow phenomenon". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 51 (4): 394–9. PMID 11108667. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stoel MG, Marques KM, de Cock CC, Bronzwaer JG, von Birgelen C, Zijlstra F (2008). "High dose adenosine for suboptimal myocardial reperfusion after primary PCI: A randomized placebo-controlled pilot study". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 71 (3): 283–9. doi:10.1002/ccd.21334. PMID 17985384. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Werner GS, Lang K, Kuehnert H, Figulla HR (2002). "Intracoronary verapamil for reversal of no-reflow during coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 57 (4): 444–51. doi:10.1002/ccd.10375. PMID 12455077. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Weyrens FJ, Mooney J, Lesser J, Mooney MR (1995). "Intracoronary diltiazem for microvascular spasm after interventional therapy". The American Journal of Cardiology. 75 (12): 849–50. PMID 7717298. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Olivari Z, Rubartelli P, Piscione F, Ettori F, Fontanelli A, Salemme L, Giachero C, Di Mario C, Gabrielli G, Spedicato L, Bedogni F (2003). "Immediate results and one-year clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary interventions in chronic total occlusions: data from a multicenter, prospective, observational study (TOAST-GISE)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 41 (10): 1672–8. PMID 12767645. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Suero JA, Marso SP, Jones PG, Laster SB, Huber KC, Giorgi LV, Johnson WL, Rutherford BD (2001). "Procedural outcomes and long-term survival among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of a chronic total occlusion in native coronary arteries: a 20-year experience". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 38 (2): 409–14. PMID 11499731. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ de Labriolle A, Bonello L, Roy P, Lemesle G, Steinberg DH, Xue Z, Kaneshige K, Suddath WO, Satler LF, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Lindsay J, Waksman R (2008). "Comparison of safety, efficacy, and outcome of successful versus unsuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention in "true" chronic total occlusions". The American Journal of Cardiology. 102 (9): 1175–81. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.06.059. PMID 18940287. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Rathore S, Matsuo H, Terashima M, Kinoshita Y, Kimura M, Tsuchikane E, Nasu K, Ehara M, Asakura Y, Katoh O, Suzuki T (2009). "Procedural and in-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusions of coronary arteries 2002 to 2008: impact of novel guidewire techniques". JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2 (6): 489–97. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2009.04.008. PMID 19539251. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stone GW, Reifart NJ, Moussa I, Hoye A, Cox DA, Colombo A, Baim DS, Teirstein PS, Strauss BH, Selmon M, Mintz GS, Katoh O, Mitsudo K, Suzuki T, Tamai H, Grube E, Cannon LA, Kandzari DE, Reisman M, Schwartz RS, Bailey S, Dangas G, Mehran R, Abizaid A, Moses JW, Leon MB, Serruys PW (2005). "Percutaneous recanalization of chronically occluded coronary arteries: a consensus document: part II". Circulation. 112 (16): 2530–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.583716. PMID 16230504. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Roffi M, Mukherjee D, Chew DP, Bhatt DL, Cho L, Robbins MA, Ziada KM, Brennan DM, Ellis SG, Topol EJ (2002). "Lack of benefit from intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition as adjunctive treatment for percutaneous interventions of aortocoronary bypass grafts: a pooled analysis of five randomized clinical trials". Circulation. 106 (24): 3063–7. PMID 12473552. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ellis SG, Lincoff AM, Miller D, Tcheng JE, Kleiman NS, Kereiakes D, Califf R, Topol EJ (1998). "Reduction in complications of angioplasty with abciximab occurs largely independently of baseline lesion morphology. EPIC and EPILOG Investigators. Evaluation of 7E3 for the Prevention of Ischemic Complications. Evaluation of PTCA To Improve Long-term Outcome with abciximab GPIIb/IIIa Receptor Blockade". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 32 (6): 1619–23. PMID 9822087. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Al-Lamee R, Ielasi A, Latib A, Godino C, Ferraro M, Arioli F, Mussardo M, Piraino D, Figini F, Carlino M, Montorfano M, Chieffo A, Colombo A (2010). "Clinical and angiographic outcomes after percutaneous recanalization of chronic total saphenous vein graft occlusion using modern techniques". The American Journal of Cardiology. 106 (12): 1721–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.08.013. PMID 21126616. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ de Feyter PJ, Serruys P, van den Brand M, Meester H, Beatt K, Suryapranata H (1989). "Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a totally occluded venous bypass graft: a challenge that should be resisted". The American Journal of Cardiology. 64 (1): 88–90. PMID 2525867. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ de Feyter PJ, van Suylen RJ, de Jaegere PP, Topol EJ, Serruys PW (1993). "Balloon angioplasty for the treatment of lesions in saphenous vein bypass grafts". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 21 (7): 1539–49. PMID 8496517. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Colombo A, Bramucci E, Saccà S, Violini R, Lettieri C, Zanini R, Sheiban I, Paloscia L, Grube E, Schofer J, Bolognese L, Orlandi M, Niccoli G, Latib A, Airoldi F (2009). "Randomized study of the crush technique versus provisional side-branch stenting in true coronary bifurcations: the CACTUS (Coronary Bifurcations: Application of the Crushing Technique Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stents) Study". Circulation. 119 (1): 71–8. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.808402. PMID 19103990. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ferenc M, Gick M, Kienzle RP, Bestehorn HP, Werner KD, Comberg T, Kuebler P, Büttner HJ, Neumann FJ (2008). "Randomized trial on routine vs. provisional T-stenting in the treatment of de novo coronary bifurcation lesions". European Heart Journal. 29 (23): 2859–67. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn455. PMC 2638653. PMID 18845665. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hildick-Smith D, de Belder AJ, Cooter N, Curzen NP, Clayton TC, Oldroyd KG, Bennett L, Holmberg S, Cotton JM, Glennon PE, Thomas MR, Maccarthy PA, Baumbach A, Mulvihill NT, Henderson RA, Redwood SR, Starkey IR, Stables RH (2010). "Randomized trial of simple versus complex drug-eluting stenting for bifurcation lesions: the British Bifurcation Coronary Study: old, new, and evolving strategies". Circulation. 121 (10): 1235–43. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.888297. PMID 20194880. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Steigen TK, Maeng M, Wiseth R, Erglis A, Kumsars I, Narbute I, Gunnes P, Mannsverk J, Meyerdierks O, Rotevatn S, Niemelä M, Kervinen K, Jensen JS, Galløe A, Nikus K, Vikman S, Ravkilde J, James S, Aarøe J, Ylitalo A, Helqvist S, Sjögren I, Thayssen P, Virtanen K, Puhakka M, Airaksinen J, Lassen JF, Thuesen L (2006). "Randomized study on simple versus complex stenting of coronary artery bifurcation lesions: the Nordic bifurcation study". Circulation. 114 (18): 1955–61. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.664920. PMID 17060387. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Chen SL, Santoso T, Zhang JJ, Ye F, Xu YW, Fu Q, Kan J, Paiboon C, Zhou Y, Ding SQ, Kwan TW (2011). "A Randomized Clinical Study Comparing Double Kissing Crush With Provisional Stenting for Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Results From the DKCRUSH-II (Double Kissing Crush versus Provisional Stenting Technique for Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions) Trial". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 57 (8): 914–20. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.023. PMID 21329837. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Moussa ID (2011). "Coronary artery bifurcation interventions: the disconnect between randomized clinical trials and patient centered decision-making". Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 77 (4): 537–45. doi:10.1002/ccd.22865. PMID 21351230. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Aliabadi D, Tilli FV, Bowers TR, Benzuly KH, Safian RD, Goldstein JA, Grines CL, O'Neill WW (1997). "Incidence and angiographic predictors of side branch occlusion following high-pressure intracoronary stenting". The American Journal of Cardiology. 80 (8): 994–7. PMID 9352966. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Galassi AR, Tomasello SD, Capodanno D, Barrano G, Ussia GP, Tamburino C (2009). "Mini-crush versus T-provisional techniques in bifurcation lesions: clinical and angiographic long-term outcome after implantation of drug-eluting stents". JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions. 2 (3): 185–94. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2008.12.005. PMID 19463424. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Gil RJ, Gziut AI, Prati F, Witkowski A, Kubica J (2005). "Threshold parameters of left main coronary artery stem stenosis based on intracoronary ultrasound examination". Kardiologia Polska. 63 (3): 223–31, discussion 232–3. PMID 16180175. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Sano K, Mintz GS, Carlier SG, de Ribamar Costa J, Qian J, Missel E, Shan S, Franklin-Bond T, Boland P, Weisz G, Moussa I, Dangas GD, Mehran R, Lansky AJ, Kreps EM, Collins MB, Stone GW, Leon MB, Moses JW (2007). "Assessing intermediate left main coronary lesions using intravascular ultrasound". American Heart Journal. 154 (5): 983–8. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.07.001. PMID 17967608. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Park DW, Hong MK, Suh IW, Hwang ES, Lee SW, Jeong YH, Kim YH, Lee CW, Kim JJ, Park SW, Park SJ (2007). "Results and predictors of angiographic restenosis and long-term adverse cardiac events after drug-eluting stent implantation for aorto-ostial coronary artery disease". The American Journal of Cardiology. 99 (6): 760–5. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.10.028. PMID 17350360. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Iakovou I, Ge L, Michev I, Sangiorgi GM, Montorfano M, Airoldi F, Chieffo A, Stankovic G, Vitrella G, Carlino M, Corvaja N, Briguori C, Colombo A (2004). "Clinical and angiographic outcome after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in aorto-ostial lesions". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 44 (5): 967–71. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.058. PMID 15337205. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Brogan WC, Popma JJ, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Kent KM, Mintz GS, Leon MB (1993). "Rotational coronary atherectomy after unsuccessful coronary balloon angioplasty". The American Journal of Cardiology. 71 (10): 794–8. PMID 8456756. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, Stevens LA, Zhang YL, Hendriksen S, Kusek JW, Van Lente F (2006). "Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate". Annals of Internal Medicine. 145 (4): 247–54. PMID 16908915. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Stevens LA, Nolin TD, Richardson MM, Feldman HI, Lewis JB, Rodby R, Townsend R, Okparavero A, Zhang YL, Schmid CH, Levey AS (2009). "Comparison of drug dosing recommendations based on measured GFR and kidney function estimating equations". American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 54 (1): 33–42. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.03.008. PMC 2756662. PMID 19446939. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hassan Y, Al-Ramahi RJ, Aziz NA, Ghazali R (2009). "Impact of a renal drug dosing service on dose adjustment in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 43 (10): 1598–605. doi:10.1345/aph.1M187. PMID 19776297. Retrieved 2011-12-15. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 385.0 385.1 Biancari F, D'Andrea V, Di Marco C, Savino G, Tiozzo V, Catania A (2010). "Meta-analysis of randomized trials on the efficacy of vascular closure devices after diagnostic angiography and angioplasty". American Heart Journal. 159 (4): 518–31. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.027. PMID 20362708. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 386.0 386.1 Dauerman HL, Applegate RJ, Cohen DJ (2007). "Vascular closure devices: the second decade". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 50 (17): 1617–26. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.07.028. PMID 17950141. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 387.0 387.1 Koreny M, Riedmüller E, Nikfardjam M, Siostrzonek P, Müllner M (2004). "Arterial puncture closing devices compared with standard manual compression after cardiac catheterization: systematic review and meta-analysis". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 291 (3): 350–7. doi:10.1001/jama.291.3.350. PMID 14734598. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 388.0 388.1 Patel MR, Jneid H, Derdeyn CP, Klein LW, Levine GN, Lookstein RA, White CJ, Yeghiazarians Y, Rosenfield K (2010). "Arteriotomy closure devices for cardiovascular procedures: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 122 (18): 1882–93. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181f9b345. PMID 20921445. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hoffer EK, Bloch RD (2003). "Percutaneous arterial closure devices". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR. 14 (7): 865–85. PMID 12847195. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Halkin A, Aymong ED, Mintz GS, Lasic Z, Negoita M, Fahy M, Krieger S, Moussa I, Moses JW, Stone GW, Leon MB, Pocock SJ, Dangas G (2004). "Vascular complications associated with arteriotomy closure devices in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary procedures: a meta-analysis". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 44 (6): 1200–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.048. PMID 15364320. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 391.0 391.1 391.2 Abraham NS, Hlatky MA, Antman EM, Bhatt DL, Bjorkman DJ, Clark CB, Furberg CD, Johnson DA, Kahi CJ, Laine L, Mahaffey KW, Quigley EM, Scheiman J, Sperling LS, Tomaselli GF (2010). "ACCF/ACG/AHA 2010 expert consensus document on the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors and thienopyridines: a focused update of the ACCF/ACG/AHA 2008 expert consensus document on reducing the gastrointestinal risks of antiplatelet therapy and NSAID use. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 56 (24): 2051–66. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.010. PMID 21126648. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 392.0 392.1 392.2 392.3 392.4 392.5 Holmes DR, Dehmer GJ, Kaul S, Leifer D, O'Gara PT, Stein CM (2010). "ACCF/AHA clopidogrel clinical alert: approaches to the FDA "boxed warning": a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on clinical expert consensus documents and the American Heart Association endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 56 (4): 321–41. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.013. PMID 20633831. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Erbel R, Haude M, Höpp HW, Franzen D, Rupprecht HJ, Heublein B, Fischer K, de Jaegere P, Serruys P, Rutsch W, Probst P (1998). "Coronary-artery stenting compared with balloon angioplasty for restenosis after initial balloon angioplasty. Restenosis Stent Study Group". The New England Journal of Medicine. 339 (23): 1672–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199812033392304. PMID 9834304. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Holmes DR, Teirstein P, Satler L, Sketch M, O'Malley J, Popma JJ, Kuntz RE, Fitzgerald PJ, Wang H, Caramanica E, Cohen SA (2006). "Sirolimus-eluting stents vs vascular brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis within bare-metal stents: the SISR randomized trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 295 (11): 1264–73. doi:10.1001/jama.295.11.1264. PMID 16531619. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Dibra A, Kastrati A, Alfonso F, Seyfarth M, Pérez-Vizcayno MJ, Mehilli J, Schömig A (2007). "Effectiveness of drug-eluting stents in patients with bare-metal in-stent restenosis: meta-analysis of randomized trials". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49 (5): 616–23. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.049. PMID 17276188. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kastrati A, Mehilli J, von Beckerath N, Dibra A, Hausleiter J, Pache J, Schühlen H, Schmitt C, Dirschinger J, Schömig A (2005). "Sirolimus-eluting stent or paclitaxel-eluting stent vs balloon angioplasty for prevention of recurrences in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis: a randomized controlled trial". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 293 (2): 165–71. doi:10.1001/jama.293.2.165. PMID 15644543. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Eisenberg MJ, Blankenship JC, Huynh T, Azrin M, Pathan A, Sedlis S, Panja M, Starling MR, Beyar R, Azoulay A, Caron J, Pilote L (2004). "Evaluation of routine functional testing after percutaneous coronary intervention". The American Journal of Cardiology. 93 (6): 744–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.11.071. PMID 15019882. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Goel K, Lennon RJ, Tilbury RT, Squires RW, Thomas RJ (2011). "Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention in the community". Circulation. 123 (21): 2344–52. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.983536. PMID 21576654. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, Jolliffe J, Noorani H, Rees K, Skidmore B, Stone JA, Thompson DR, Oldridge N (2004). "Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". The American Journal of Medicine. 116 (10): 682–92. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.009. PMID 15121495. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Giannuzzi P, Temporelli PL, Marchioli R, Maggioni AP, Balestroni G, Ceci V, Chieffo C, Gattone M, Griffo R, Schweiger C, Tavazzi L, Urbinati S, Valagussa F, Vanuzzo D (2008). "Global secondary prevention strategies to limit event recurrence after myocardial infarction: results of the GOSPEL study, a multicenter, randomized controlled trial from the Italian Cardiac Rehabilitation Network". Archives of Internal Medicine. 168 (20): 2194–204. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.20.2194. PMID 19001195. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Witt BJ, Jacobsen SJ, Weston SA, Killian JM, Meverden RA, Allison TG, Reeder GS, Roger VL (2004). "Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction in the community". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 44 (5): 988–96. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.062. PMID 15337208. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Fletcher GF, Balady GJ, Amsterdam EA, Chaitman B, Eckel R, Fleg J, Froelicher VF, Leon AS, Piña IL, Rodney R, Simons-Morton DA, Williams MA, Bazzarre T (2001). "Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 104 (14): 1694–740. PMID 11581152. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Thompson PD (2003). "Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 23 (8): 1319–21. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000087143.33998.F2. PMID 12909570. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA (2005). "Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease". Annals of Internal Medicine. 143 (9): 659–72. PMID 16263889. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Thomas RJ, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña IL, Spertus J, Bonow RO, Estes NA, Goff DC, Grady KL, Hiniker AR, Masoudi FA, Radford MJ, Rumsfeld JS, Whitman GR (2007). "AACVPR/ACC/AHA 2007 performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services endorsed by the American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Sports Medicine, American Physical Therapy Association, Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation, European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, Inter-American Heart Foundation, National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 50 (14): 1400–33. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.033. PMID 17903645. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Walther C, Möbius-Winkler S, Linke A, Bruegel M, Thiery J, Schuler G, Halbrecht R (2008). "Regular exercise training compared with percutaneous intervention leads to a reduction of inflammatory markers and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease". European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation : Official Journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology. 15 (1): 107–12. doi:10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f29aa6. PMID 18277195. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 407.0 407.1 407.2 407.3 Hannan EL, Wu C, Walford G, King SB, Holmes DR, Ambrose JA, Sharma S, Katz S, Clark LT, Jones RH (2005). "Volume-outcome relationships for percutaneous coronary interventions in the stent era". Circulation. 112 (8): 1171–9. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.528455. PMID 16103238. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Post PN, Kuijpers M, Ebels T, Zijlstra F (2010). "The relation between volume and outcome of coronary interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis". European Heart Journal. 31 (16): 1985–92. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq151. PMID 20511324. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Cannon CP, Gibson CM, Lambrew CT, Shoultz DA, Levy D, French WJ, Gore JM, Weaver WD, Rogers WJ, Tiefenbrunn AJ (2000). "Relationship of symptom-onset-to-balloon time and door-to-balloon time with mortality in patients undergoing angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 283 (22): 2941–7. PMID 10865271. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Canto JG, Every NR, Magid DJ, Rogers WJ, Malmgren JA, Frederick PD, French WJ, Tiefenbrunn AJ, Misra VK, Kiefe CI, Barron HV (2000). "The volume of primary angioplasty procedures and survival after acute myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators". The New England Journal of Medicine. 342 (21): 1573–80. doi:10.1056/NEJM200005253422106. PMID 10824077. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Srinivas VS, Hailpern SM, Koss E, Monrad ES, Alderman MH (2009). "Effect of physician volume on the relationship between hospital volume and mortality during primary angioplasty". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 53 (7): 574–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.056. PMID 19215830. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Vakili BA, Kaplan R, Brown DL (2001). "Volume-outcome relation for physicians and hospitals performing angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in New York state". Circulation. 104 (18): 2171–6. PMID 11684626. Retrieved 2011-12-16. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
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