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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Gap junction gamma-3''', also known as '''connexin-29''' (Cx29) or '''gap junction epsilon-1''' (GJE1), is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GJC3'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: gap junction protein| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=118446| accessdate = }}</ref>
'''Gap junction gamma-3''', also known as '''connexin-29''' (Cx29) or '''gap junction epsilon-1''' (GJE1), is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''GJC3'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: gap junction protein| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=118446| access-date = }}</ref>


'''GJC3''' is a [[conexin]].
'''GJC3''' is a [[conexin]].
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== Function ==
== Function ==


This gene encodes a [[gap junction]] protein. The encoded protein, also known as a [[connexin]], plays a role in formation of gap junctions, which provide direct connections between neighboring cells.<ref name="entrez"/>
This gene encodes a [[gap junction]] protein. The encoded protein is known as a [[connexin]], most of which form gap junctions that provide direct connections between neighboring cells.<ref name="entrez"/> However, Cx29, which is highly expressed in myelin-forming glial cells of the CNS and PNS, has not been documented to form gap junctions in any cell type. In both PNS and CNS myelinated axons, Cx29 is precisely colocalized with Kv1.2 voltage-gated K+ channels, where both proteins are concentrated in the juxtaparanode and along the inner mesaxon.<ref name="pmid12151525">{{cite journal | vauthors = Altevogt BM, Kleopa KA, Postma FR, Scherer SS, Paul DL | title = Connexin29 is uniquely distributed within myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 22 | issue = 15 | pages = 6458–70 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12151525 | doi =  }}</ref> By freeze-fracture immunogold labeling electron microscopy, Cx29 is identified in abundant "rosettes" of transmembrane protein particles in the innermost layer of myelin, directly apposed to equally abundant immunogold-labeled Kv1.1 potassium channels, both in the juxtaparanodal axolemma and along the inner mesaxon.<ref name="pmid26763782">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rash JE, Vanderpool KG, Yasumura T, Hickman J, Beatty JT, Nagy JI | title = KV1 channels identified in rodent myelinated axons, linked to Cx29 in innermost myelin: support for electrically active myelin in mammalian saltatory conduction | journal = Journal of Neurophysiology | volume = 115 | issue = 4 | pages = 1836–59 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 26763782 | pmc = 4869480 | doi = 10.1152/jn.01077.2015 }}</ref> A role in K<sup>+</sup> handling during saltatory conduction is implied but not yet demonstrated.


== Clinical significance ==
== Clinical significance ==
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Mutations in this gene have been reported to be associated with [[nonsyndromic deafness|nonsyndromic hearing loss]].<ref name="entrez"/>
Mutations in this gene have been reported to be associated with [[nonsyndromic deafness|nonsyndromic hearing loss]].<ref name="entrez"/>


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{clear}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin|32em}}
 
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hong HM, Yang JJ, Su CC, Chang JY, Li TC, Li SY | title = A novel mutation in the connexin 29 gene may contribute to nonsyndromic hearing loss | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 127 | issue = 2 | pages = 191–9 | date = February 2010 | pmid = 19876648 | doi = 10.1007/s00439-009-0758-y }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR |title=Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5620 |pages= 767–72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12690205 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083423 |pmc=2882961|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ramchander PV, Panda KC, Panda AK | title = Mutations in the connexin 29 gene are not a major cause of nonsyndromic hearing impairment in India | journal = Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | pages = 539–41 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20632892 | doi = 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0026 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hong HM, Yang JJ, Su CC |title=A novel mutation in the connexin 29 gene may contribute to nonsyndromic hearing loss. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=127 |issue= 2 |pages= 191–9 |year= 2010 |pmid= 19876648 |doi= 10.1007/s00439-009-0758-y |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kleopa KA, Orthmann JL, Enriquez A, Paul DL, Scherer SS | title = Unique distributions of the gap junction proteins connexin29, connexin32, and connexin47 in oligodendrocytes | journal = Glia | volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 346–57 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15293232 | doi = 10.1002/glia.20043 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Ramchander PV, Panda KC, Panda AK |title=Mutations in the connexin 29 gene are not a major cause of nonsyndromic hearing impairment in India. |journal=Genet Test Mol Biomarkers |volume=14 |issue= 4 |pages= 539–41 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20632892 |doi= 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0026 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang JJ, Wang WH, Lin YC, Weng HH, Yang JT, Hwang CF, Wu CM, Li SY | title = Prospective variants screening of connexin genes in children with hearing impairment: genotype/phenotype correlation | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 128 | issue = 3 | pages = 303–13 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20593197 | doi = 10.1007/s00439-010-0856-x }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Kleopa KA, Orthmann JL, Enriquez A |title=Unique distributions of the gap junction proteins connexin29, connexin32, and connexin47 in oligodendrocytes. |journal=Glia |volume=47 |issue= 4 |pages= 346–57 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15293232 |doi= 10.1002/glia.20043 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Söhl G, Nielsen PA, Eiberger J, Willecke K | title = Expression profiles of the novel human connexin genes hCx30.2, hCx40.1, and hCx62 differ from their putative mouse orthologues | journal = Cell Communication & Adhesion | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–36 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12881038 | doi = 10.1080/15419060302063 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang JJ, Wang WH, Lin YC |title=Prospective variants screening of connexin genes in children with hearing impairment: genotype/phenotype correlation. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=128 |issue= 3 |pages= 303–13 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20593197 |doi= 10.1007/s00439-010-0856-x |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang WH, Yang JJ, Lin YC, Yang JT, Chan CH, Li SY | title = Identification of novel variants in the Cx29 gene of nonsyndromic hearing loss patients using buccal cells and restriction fragment length polymorphism method | journal = Audiology and Neuro-Otology | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 81–7 | year = 2010 | pmid = 19657183 | doi = 10.1159/000231633 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 |pmc=139241|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Altevogt BM, Kleopa KA, Postma FR, Scherer SS, Paul DL | title = Connexin29 is uniquely distributed within myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 22 | issue = 15 | pages = 6458–70 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12151525 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Söhl G, Nielsen PA, Eiberger J, Willecke K |title=Expression profiles of the novel human connexin genes hCx30.2, hCx40.1, and hCx62 differ from their putative mouse orthologues. |journal=Cell Commun. Adhes. |volume=10 |issue= 1 |pages= 27–36 |year= 2003|pmid= 12881038 |doi= 10.1080/15419060302063}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sargiannidou I, Ahn M, Enriquez AD, Peinado A, Reynolds R, Abrams C, Scherer SS, Kleopa KA | title = Human oligodendrocytes express Cx31.3: function and interactions with Cx32 mutants | journal = Neurobiology of Disease | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 221–33 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18353664 | pmc = 2704064 | doi = 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.01.009 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang WH, Yang JJ, Lin YC |title=Identification of novel variants in the Cx29 gene of nonsyndromic hearing loss patients using buccal cells and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. |journal=Audiol. Neurootol. |volume=15 |issue= 2 |pages= 81–7 |year= 2010 |pmid= 19657183 |doi= 10.1159/000231633 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Altevogt BM, Kleopa KA, Postma FR |title=Connexin29 is uniquely distributed within myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=22 |issue= 15 |pages= 6458–70 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12151525 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Sargiannidou I, Ahn M, Enriquez AD |title=Human oligodendrocytes express Cx31.3: function and interactions with Cx32 mutants. |journal=Neurobiol. Dis. |volume=30 |issue= 2 |pages= 221–33 |year= 2008 |pmid= 18353664 |doi= 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.01.009 |pmc=2704064|display-authors=etal}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{Ion channels|g4}}
{{Ion channels|g4}}
[[Category:Connexins]]




{{gene-7-stub}}
{{gene-7-stub}}
[[Category:Connexins]]

Latest revision as of 03:45, 3 April 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

n/a

Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Gap junction gamma-3, also known as connexin-29 (Cx29) or gap junction epsilon-1 (GJE1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJC3 gene.[1]

GJC3 is a conexin.

Function

This gene encodes a gap junction protein. The encoded protein is known as a connexin, most of which form gap junctions that provide direct connections between neighboring cells.[1] However, Cx29, which is highly expressed in myelin-forming glial cells of the CNS and PNS, has not been documented to form gap junctions in any cell type. In both PNS and CNS myelinated axons, Cx29 is precisely colocalized with Kv1.2 voltage-gated K+ channels, where both proteins are concentrated in the juxtaparanode and along the inner mesaxon.[2] By freeze-fracture immunogold labeling electron microscopy, Cx29 is identified in abundant "rosettes" of transmembrane protein particles in the innermost layer of myelin, directly apposed to equally abundant immunogold-labeled Kv1.1 potassium channels, both in the juxtaparanodal axolemma and along the inner mesaxon.[3] A role in K+ handling during saltatory conduction is implied but not yet demonstrated.

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been reported to be associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Entrez Gene: gap junction protein".
  2. ↑ Altevogt BM, Kleopa KA, Postma FR, Scherer SS, Paul DL (August 2002). "Connexin29 is uniquely distributed within myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems". The Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (15): 6458–70. PMID 12151525.
  3. ↑ Rash JE, Vanderpool KG, Yasumura T, Hickman J, Beatty JT, Nagy JI (April 2016). "KV1 channels identified in rodent myelinated axons, linked to Cx29 in innermost myelin: support for electrically active myelin in mammalian saltatory conduction". Journal of Neurophysiology. 115 (4): 1836–59. doi:10.1152/jn.01077.2015. PMC 4869480. PMID 26763782.

Further reading

  • Hong HM, Yang JJ, Su CC, Chang JY, Li TC, Li SY (February 2010). "A novel mutation in the connexin 29 gene may contribute to nonsyndromic hearing loss". Human Genetics. 127 (2): 191–9. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0758-y. PMID 19876648.
  • Ramchander PV, Panda KC, Panda AK (August 2010). "Mutations in the connexin 29 gene are not a major cause of nonsyndromic hearing impairment in India". Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers. 14 (4): 539–41. doi:10.1089/gtmb.2010.0026. PMID 20632892.
  • Kleopa KA, Orthmann JL, Enriquez A, Paul DL, Scherer SS (September 2004). "Unique distributions of the gap junction proteins connexin29, connexin32, and connexin47 in oligodendrocytes". Glia. 47 (4): 346–57. doi:10.1002/glia.20043. PMID 15293232.
  • Yang JJ, Wang WH, Lin YC, Weng HH, Yang JT, Hwang CF, Wu CM, Li SY (September 2010). "Prospective variants screening of connexin genes in children with hearing impairment: genotype/phenotype correlation". Human Genetics. 128 (3): 303–13. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0856-x. PMID 20593197.
  • Söhl G, Nielsen PA, Eiberger J, Willecke K (2003). "Expression profiles of the novel human connexin genes hCx30.2, hCx40.1, and hCx62 differ from their putative mouse orthologues". Cell Communication & Adhesion. 10 (1): 27–36. doi:10.1080/15419060302063. PMID 12881038.
  • Wang WH, Yang JJ, Lin YC, Yang JT, Chan CH, Li SY (2010). "Identification of novel variants in the Cx29 gene of nonsyndromic hearing loss patients using buccal cells and restriction fragment length polymorphism method". Audiology and Neuro-Otology. 15 (2): 81–7. doi:10.1159/000231633. PMID 19657183.
  • Altevogt BM, Kleopa KA, Postma FR, Scherer SS, Paul DL (August 2002). "Connexin29 is uniquely distributed within myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems". The Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (15): 6458–70. PMID 12151525.
  • Sargiannidou I, Ahn M, Enriquez AD, Peinado A, Reynolds R, Abrams C, Scherer SS, Kleopa KA (May 2008). "Human oligodendrocytes express Cx31.3: function and interactions with Cx32 mutants". Neurobiology of Disease. 30 (2): 221–33. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2008.01.009. PMC 2704064. PMID 18353664.


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