Dermoid cyst natural history
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]
Overview
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic. If left untreated, dermoid cysts gradually increase in size and produce symptoms depending upon their anatomical location. Common complications of ovarian dermoid cysts include torsion, rupture, and infection.[1][2] Common complications of periorbital dermoid cysts include inflammation and recurrence when not completely excised.[1] Rupture is the most common complication of spinal dermoid cysts.[1] Common complications of intracranial dermoid cysts include compression of adjacent structures from the mass effect and rupture of the cysts.[3][4] Infection is the most common complication of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth.[5] Malignant transformation usually into squamous cell carcinoma is a rare complication of dermoid cysts.[6][2]
Natural History
The majority of patients with dermoid cysts are asymptomatic. If left untreated, dermoid cysts gradually increase in size and produce symptoms depending upon their anatomical location.[1]
Complications
- Malignant transformation usually into squamous cell carcinoma is a rare complication of dermoid cysts.[6][2]
Ovarian Dermoid Cyst
- Common complications of ovarian dermoid cysts include:[1][2]
- Torsion
- Rupture
- Infection
- Malignant transformation, usually into squamous cell carcinoma (adults) or rarely into endodermal sinus tumours (children)
Periorbital Dermoid Cyst
- Common complications of periorbital dermoid cysts include:[1]
- Inflammation
- When a dermoid cyst is disrupted, it results in an inflammatory reaction.
- Recurrence when not completely excised
- Inflammation
Spinal Dermoid Cyst
- Rupture is the most common complication of spinal dermoid cysts.[1]
- Rupture of the cyst may result in the dissemination of fat droplets into the subarachnoidal and ventricular spaces which may lead to ventriculitis, arachnoiditis and eventually mental disorders and coma. [7]
Intracranial Dermoid Cyst
- Common complications of intracranial dermoid cysts include:[3][4]
- Mass effect
- Compression of adjacent structures, e.g. optic chiasm
- Rupture (spontaneous, traumatic, or iatrogenic (at resection))
- Fat droplets from the ruptured cysts may disseminate into the subarachnoid space and ventricles which may result in the development of aseptic chemical meningitis
- Mass effect
Dermoid Cysts of the Floor of the Mouth
- Infection is the most common complication of dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth.[5]
Prognosis
- Depending on the anatomical location of the tumor, the prognosis may vary.
- Although benign and slow growing, spinal, ovarian, and intracranial dermoid cysts carry a risk of rupture spontaneously, during surgery or after a traumatic event which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.[8]
- In patients with malignant transformation, prognosis depends on the stage of the disease.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Dermoid cyst. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst Accessed on February 11, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma Radiopedia. Accessed on February 11, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Intracranial dermoid cyst. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-dermoid-cyst-1. Accessed on February 11, 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jacquin A, Béjot Y, Hervieu M, Biotti D, Caillier M, Ricolfi FC; et al. (2010). "[Rupture of intracranial dermoid cyst with disseminated lipid droplets]". Rev Neurol (Paris). 166 (4): 451–7. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2009.09.003. PMID 19846186.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Makos C, Noussios G, Peios M, Gougousis S, Chouridis P (2011). "Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports". Case Rep Med. 2011: 362170. doi:10.1155/2011/362170. PMC 3172983. PMID 21922020.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Osborn AG, Preece MT (2006). "Intracranial cysts: radiologic-pathologic correlation and imaging approach". Radiology. 239 (3): 650–64. doi:10.1148/radiol.2393050823. PMID 16714456.
- ↑ Sharma M, Mally R, Velho V (2013). "Ruptured conus medullaris dermoid cyst with fat droplets in the central canal [corrected]". Asian Spine J. 7 (1): 50–4. doi:10.4184/asj.2013.7.1.50. PMC 3596585. PMID 23508636.
- ↑ Altay H, Kitiş O, Calli C, Yünten N (2006). "A spinal dermoid tumor that ruptured into the subarachnoidal space and syrinx cavity". Diagn Interv Radiol. 12 (4): 171–3. PMID 17160798.