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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox_gene}}


'''Signal transducer CD24''' also known as '''cluster of differentiation 24''' or '''heat stable antigen CD24''' (HSA) is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CD24'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid7959762">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hough MR, Rosten PM, Sexton TL, Kay R, Humphries RK | title = Mapping of CD24 and homologous sequences to multiple chromosomal loci | journal = Genomics | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 154–61 |date=July 1994 | pmid = 7959762 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1356 | url = | issn = }}</ref> CD24''' is a [[cell adhesion molecule]].
'''Signal transducer CD24''' also known as '''cluster of differentiation 24''' or '''heat stable antigen CD24''' (HSA) is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CD24'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid7959762">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hough MR, Rosten PM, Sexton TL, Kay R, Humphries RK | title = Mapping of CD24 and homologous sequences to multiple chromosomal loci | journal = Genomics | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 154–61 | date = July 1994 | pmid = 7959762 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1356 }}</ref> CD24 is a [[cell adhesion molecule]].


== Function ==
== Function ==


CD24 is a [[glycoprotein]] expressed at the surface of most [[B lymphocyte]]s and differentiating [[neuroblast]]s. This gene encodes a [[sialoglycoprotein]] that is expressed on mature [[granulocyte]]s and in many [[B cell]]s. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. The protein also contributes to a wide range of downstream signaling networks and is crucial for neural development.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gilliam|first=Daniel T.|last2=Menon|first2=Vishal|last3=Bretz|first3=Niko P.|last4=Pruszak|first4=Jan|title=The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011|journal=Neurobiology of Disease|volume=99|pages=133–144|doi=10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011}}</ref> CD24 gene is found on chromosome 6 (6q21) An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2 and Yq11.222. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined (source: NCBI).
CD24 is a [[sialoglycoprotein]] expressed at the surface of most [[B lymphocyte]]s and differentiating [[neuroblast]]s. It is also expressed on [[neutrophil]]s<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Elghetany MT, Patel J | title = Assessment of CD24 expression on bone marrow neutrophilic granulocytes: CD24 is a marker for the myelocytic stage of development | journal = American Journal of Hematology | volume = 71 | issue = 4 | pages = 348–9 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12447971 | doi = 10.1002/ajh.10176 }}</ref> and neutrophil precursors from the myelocyte stage onwards. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. The protein also contributes to a wide range of downstream signaling networks and is crucial for neural development.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gilliam DT, Menon V, Bretz NP, Pruszak J | title = The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease | journal = Neurobiology of Disease | volume = 99 | pages = 133–144 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 27993646 | doi = 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011 | url = https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011 }}</ref> Cross-linking of CD24 on the surface of neutrophils induces [[apoptosis]],<ref name = "Parlato_2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Parlato M, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Philippart F, Misset B, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM | title = CD24-triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species production of human neutrophils is impaired in sepsis | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 192 | issue = 5 | pages = 2449–59 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24501201 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.1301055 }}</ref> and this appears to be defective in [[sepsis]].<ref name = "Parlato_2014" /> CD24 gene is found on chromosome 6 (6q21) An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2 and Yq11.222. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined (source: NCBI).


==  References ==
==  References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
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==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{Citation style|date=March 2012}}
{{refbegin|32em}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Li D, Zheng L, Jin L, Zhou Y, Li H, Fu J, Shi M, Du P, Wang L, Wu H, Chen GY, Zheng P, Liu Y, Wang FS, Wang S | title = CD24 polymorphisms affect risk and progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection | journal = Hepatology | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 735–42 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19610054 | doi = 10.1002/hep.23047 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Li D, Zheng L, Jin L |title=CD24 polymorphisms affect risk and progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. |journal=Hepatology |volume=50 |issue= 3 |pages= 735–42 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19610054 |doi= 10.1002/hep.23047 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Wudarski M, Łacki JK, Jagodziński PP | title = CD24 Ala57Val gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus | journal = Tissue Antigens | volume = 75 | issue = 6 | pages = 696–700 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20230526 | doi = 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01447.x }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Wudarski M |title=CD24 Ala57Val gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume= 75|issue= 6|pages= HASH(0x2aadb3dd8b00) |year= 2010 |pmid= 20230526 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01447.x |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Honeth G, Bendahl PO, Ringnér M, Saal LH, Gruvberger-Saal SK, Lövgren K, Grabau D, Fernö M, Borg A, Hegardt C | title = The CD44+/CD24- phenotype is enriched in basal-like breast tumors | journal = Breast Cancer Research | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = R53 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18559090 | pmc = 2481503 | doi = 10.1186/bcr2108 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Honeth G, Bendahl PO, Ringnér M |title=The CD44+/CD24- phenotype is enriched in basal-like breast tumors |journal=Breast Cancer Res. |volume=10 |issue= 3 |pages= R53 |year= 2008 |pmid= 18559090 |doi= 10.1186/bcr2108 |pmc=2481503 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagy B, Szendroi A, Romics I | title = Overexpression of CD24, c-myc and phospholipase 2A in prostate cancer tissue samples obtained by needle biopsy | journal = Pathology Oncology Research | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 279–83 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 18752058 | doi = 10.1007/s12253-008-9077-1 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Nagy B, Szendroi A, Romics I |title=Overexpression of CD24, c-myc and phospholipase 2A in prostate cancer tissue samples obtained by needle biopsy |journal=Pathol. Oncol. Res. |volume=15 |issue= 2 |pages= 279–83 |year= 2009 |pmid= 18752058 |doi= 10.1007/s12253-008-9077-1 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim KH, Choi JS, Kim JM, Choi YL, Shin YK, Lee HC, Seong IO, Kim BK, Chae SW, Kim SH | title = Enhanced CD24 expression in endometrial carcinoma and its expression pattern in normal and hyperplastic endometrium | journal = Histology and Histopathology | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 309–16 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 19130400 | doi = 10.14670/HH-24.309 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim KH, Choi JS, Kim JM |title=Enhanced CD24 expression in endometrial carcinoma and its expression pattern in normal and hyperplastic endometrium |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 309–16 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19130400 |doi= |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Buess M, Rajski M, Vogel-Durrer BM, Herrmann R, Rochlitz C | title = Tumor-endothelial interaction links the CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype with poor prognosis in early-stage breast cancer | journal = Neoplasia | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | pages = 987–1002 | date = October 2009 | pmid = 19794958 | pmc = 2745665 | doi = 10.1593/neo.09670 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Buess M, Rajski M, Vogel-Durrer BM |title=Tumor-endothelial interaction links the CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype with poor prognosis in early-stage breast cancer |journal=Neoplasia |volume=11 |issue= 10 |pages= 987–1002 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19794958 |doi=  |pmc=2745665 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pruszak J, Ludwig W, Blak A, Alavian K, Isacson O | title = CD15, CD24, and CD29 define a surface biomarker code for neural lineage differentiation of stem cells | journal = Stem Cells | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = 2928–40 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19725119 | pmc = 3322476 | doi = 10.1002/stem.211 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Pruszak J, Ludwig W, Blak A |title=CD15, CD24, and CD29 define a surface biomarker code for neural lineage differentiation of stem cells |journal=Stem Cells |volume=27 |issue= 12 |pages= 2928–40 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19725119 |doi= 10.1002/stem.211 |pmc=3322476|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu Y, Chen GY, Zheng P | title = CD24-Siglec G/10 discriminates danger- from pathogen-associated molecular patterns | journal = Trends in Immunology | volume = 30 | issue = 12 | pages = 557–61 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19786366 | pmc = 2788100 | doi = 10.1016/j.it.2009.09.006 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Liu Y, Chen GY, Zheng P |title=CD24-Siglec G/10 discriminates danger- from pathogen-associated molecular patterns |journal=Trends Immunol. |volume=30 |issue= 12 |pages= 557–61 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19786366 |doi= 10.1016/j.it.2009.09.006 |pmc=2788100 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Vesuna F, Lisok A, Kimble B, Raman V | title = Twist modulates breast cancer stem cells by transcriptional regulation of CD24 expression | journal = Neoplasia | volume = 11 | issue = 12 | pages = 1318–28 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 20019840 | pmc = 2794513 | doi = 10.1593/neo.91084 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Vesuna F, Lisok A, Kimble B, Raman V |title=Twist modulates breast cancer stem cells by transcriptional regulation of CD24 expression |journal=Neoplasia |volume=11 |issue= 12 |pages= 1318–28 |year= 2009 |pmid= 20019840 |doi= |pmc=2794513  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sagiv E, Arber N | title = The novel oncogene CD24 and its arising role in the carcinogenesis of the GI tract: from research to therapy | journal = [[Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology]] | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 125–33 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 19072375 | doi = 10.1586/17474124.2.1.125 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Sagiv E, Arber N |title=The novel oncogene CD24 and its arising role in the carcinogenesis of the GI tract: from research to therapy |journal=Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 125–33 |year= 2008 |pmid= 19072375 |doi= 10.1586/17474124.2.1.125 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bauerschmitz GJ, Ranki T, Kangasniemi L, Ribacka C, Eriksson M, Porten M, Herrmann I, Ristimäki A, Virkkunen P, Tarkkanen M, Hakkarainen T, Kanerva A, Rein D, Pesonen S, Hemminki A | title = Tissue-specific promoters active in CD44+CD24-/low breast cancer cells | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 68 | issue = 14 | pages = 5533–9 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18632604 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5288 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Bauerschmitz GJ, Ranki T, Kangasniemi L |title=Tissue-specific promoters active in CD44+CD24-/low breast cancer cells |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=68 |issue= 14 |pages= 5533–9 |year= 2008 |pmid= 18632604 |doi= 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5288 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Carl JW, Liu JQ, Joshi PS, El-Omrani HY, Yin L, Zheng X, Whitacre CC, Liu Y, Bai XF | title = Autoreactive T cells escape clonal deletion in the thymus by a CD24-dependent pathway | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 181 | issue = 1 | pages = 320–8 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18566397 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.320 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Carl JW, Liu JQ, Joshi PS |title=Autoreactive T cells escape clonal deletion in the thymus by a CD24-dependent pathway |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=181 |issue= 1 |pages= 320–8 |year= 2008 |pmid= 18566397 |doi= 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.320|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Baumhoer D, Riener MO, Zlobec I, Tornillo L, Vogetseder A, Kristiansen G, Dietmaier W, Hartmann A, Wuensch PH, Sessa F, Ruemmele P, Terracciano LM | title = Expression of CD24, P-cadherin and S100A4 in tumors of the ampulla of Vater | journal = Modern Pathology | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 306–13 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19043399 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2008.192 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Baumhoer D, Riener MO, Zlobec I |title=Expression of CD24, P-cadherin and S100A4 in tumors of the ampulla of Vater |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=22 |issue= 2 |pages= 306–13 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19043399 |doi= 10.1038/modpathol.2008.192 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang W, Wang X, Peng L, Deng Q, Liang Y, Qing H, Jiang B | title = CD24-dependent MAPK pathway activation is required for colorectal cancer cell proliferation | journal = Cancer Science | volume = 101 | issue = 1 | pages = 112–9 | date = January 2010 | pmid = 19860845 | doi = 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01370.x }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang W, Wang X, Peng L |title=CD24-dependent MAPK pathway activation is required for colorectal cancer cell proliferation |journal=Cancer Sci. |volume=101 |issue= 1 |pages= 112–9 |year= 2010 |pmid= 19860845 |doi= 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01370.x |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sano A, Kato H, Sakurai S, Sakai M, Tanaka N, Inose T, Saito K, Sohda M, Nakajima M, Nakajima T, Kuwano H | title = CD24 expression is a novel prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | journal = Annals of Surgical Oncology | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 506–14 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19050962 | doi = 10.1245/s10434-008-0252-0 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Sano A, Kato H, Sakurai S |title=CD24 expression is a novel prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |journal=Ann. Surg. Oncol. |volume=16 |issue= 2 |pages= 506–14 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19050962 |doi= 10.1245/s10434-008-0252-0 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang XR, Xu Y, Yu B, Zhou J, Li JC, Qiu SJ, Shi YH, Wang XY, Dai Z, Shi GM, Wu B, Wu LM, Yang GH, Zhang BH, Qin WX, Fan J | title = CD24 is a novel predictor for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 15 | issue = 17 | pages = 5518–27 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19706825 | doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0151 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang XR, Xu Y, Yu B |title=CD24 is a novel predictor for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=15 |issue= 17 |pages= 5518–27 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19706825 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0151 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lee JH, Kim SH, Lee ES, Kim YS | title = CD24 overexpression in cancer development and progression: a meta-analysis | journal = Oncology Reports | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 1149–56 | date = November 2009 | pmid = 19787233 | doi = 10.3892/or_00000548 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee JH, Kim SH, Lee ES, Kim YS |title=CD24 overexpression in cancer development and progression: a meta-analysis |journal=Oncol. Rep. |volume=22 |issue= 5 |pages= 1149–56 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19787233 |doi= 10.3892/or_00000548}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gekara NO, Weiss S | title = Lipid rafts clustering and signalling by listeriolysin O | journal = Biochemical Society Transactions | volume = 32 | issue = Pt 5 | pages = 712–4 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15493995 | doi = 10.1042/BST0320712 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Gekara NO, Weiss S |title=Lipid rafts clustering and signalling by listeriolysin O |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=32 |issue= Pt 5 |pages= 712–4 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15493995 |doi= 10.1042/BST0320712 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Athanassiadou P, Grapsa D, Gonidi M, Athanassiadou AM, Tsipis A, Patsouris E | title = CD24 expression has a prognostic impact in breast carcinoma | journal = Pathology, Research and Practice | volume = 205 | issue = 8 | pages = 524–33 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19243896 | doi = 10.1016/j.prp.2009.01.008 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Athanassiadou P, Grapsa D, Gonidi M |title=CD24 expression has a prognostic impact in breast carcinoma |journal=Pathol. Res. Pract. |volume=205 |issue= 8 |pages= 524–33 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19243896 |doi= 10.1016/j.prp.2009.01.008 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ronaghi M, Vallian S, Etemadifar M | title = CD24 gene polymorphism is associated with the disease progression and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population | journal = Psychiatry Research | volume = 170 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 271–2 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19896210 | doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.01.002 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Ronaghi M, Vallian S, Etemadifar M |title=CD24 gene polymorphism is associated with the disease progression and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population |journal=Psychiatry Res |volume=170 |issue= 2–3 |pages= 271–2 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19896210 |doi= 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.01.002 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|CD24+Antigen}}
* {{MeshName|CD24+Antigen}}
* [http://www.ebioscience.com/ebioscience/whatsnew/mousecdchart.htm Mouse CD Antigen Chart]
* [http://www.ebioscience.com/ebioscience/whatsnew/mousecdchart.htm Mouse CD Antigen Chart]

Latest revision as of 00:40, 15 June 2018

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Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD24 gene.[1] CD24 is a cell adhesion molecule.

Function

CD24 is a sialoglycoprotein expressed at the surface of most B lymphocytes and differentiating neuroblasts. It is also expressed on neutrophils[2] and neutrophil precursors from the myelocyte stage onwards. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. The protein also contributes to a wide range of downstream signaling networks and is crucial for neural development.[3] Cross-linking of CD24 on the surface of neutrophils induces apoptosis,[4] and this appears to be defective in sepsis.[4] CD24 gene is found on chromosome 6 (6q21) An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2 and Yq11.222. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined (source: NCBI).

References

  1. ↑ Hough MR, Rosten PM, Sexton TL, Kay R, Humphries RK (July 1994). "Mapping of CD24 and homologous sequences to multiple chromosomal loci". Genomics. 22 (1): 154–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1356. PMID 7959762.
  2. ↑ Elghetany MT, Patel J (December 2002). "Assessment of CD24 expression on bone marrow neutrophilic granulocytes: CD24 is a marker for the myelocytic stage of development". American Journal of Hematology. 71 (4): 348–9. doi:10.1002/ajh.10176. PMID 12447971.
  3. ↑ Gilliam DT, Menon V, Bretz NP, Pruszak J (March 2017). "The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 99: 133–144. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011. PMID 27993646.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Parlato M, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Philippart F, Misset B, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM (March 2014). "CD24-triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species production of human neutrophils is impaired in sepsis". Journal of Immunology. 192 (5): 2449–59. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301055. PMID 24501201.

Further reading

External links


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