CD59: Difference between revisions
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'''CD59 glycoprotein''', also known as '''MAC-inhibitory protein''' (MAC-IP), '''membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis''' (MIRL), or '''protectin''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CD59'' [[gene]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=966&rn=1 |title=Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein}}</ref> It belongs to the [[LY6]]/[[Urokinase receptor|uPAR]]/[[alpha-neurotoxin]] [[protein family]].<ref name="pmid9664126">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E | title = Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review) | journal = international journal of oncology | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 305–18 | date=Aug 1998 | pmid = 9664126 | doi = 10.3892/ijo.13.2.305 | url = }}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
''' | |||
CD59 | CD59 attaches to host cells via a [[glycophosphatidylinositol]] (GPI) anchor. When [[Complement system|complement]] activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent [[complement component 9|C9]] from polymerizing and forming the [[complement membrane attack complex]].<ref name="pmid16844690">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S | title = Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 281 | issue = 37 | pages = 27398–27404 | date=September 2006 | pmid = 16844690 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M603690200 | url = }}</ref> It may also [[signal transduction|signal]] the cell to perform active measures such as [[endocytosis]] of the CD59-CD9 complex.<ref name = "pmid9664126"/> | ||
Mutations affecting GPI that reduce expression of CD59 and [[decay-accelerating factor]] on [[red blood cell]]s result in [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]].<ref name=parker2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Parker C, Omine M, Richards S |title=Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |journal=Blood |volume=106 |issue=12 |pages=3699–709 |year=2005 |pmid=16051736 |doi=10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717|url=http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/106/12/3699 | pmc=1895106|display-authors=etal}}</ref> | |||
[[Viruses]] such as [[HIV]], human [[cytomegalovirus]] and [[vaccinia virus|vaccinia]] incorporate host cell CD59 into their own [[viral envelope]] to prevent lysis by complement.<ref name="pmid15219997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z | title = Cell signals transduced by complement | journal = Mol. Immunol. | volume = 41 | issue = 6–7 | pages = 583–597 | date=July 2004 | pmid = 15219997 | doi = 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007 | url = }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist | {{reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
{{refbegin | 2}} | {{refbegin | 2}} | ||
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP |title=Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells |journal=Immunology |volume=75 |issue= 2 |pages= 372–7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1372592 |doi= | pmc=1384722 }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author=Holmes CH |title=Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55) |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=22 |issue= 6 |pages= 1579–1585 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1376264 |doi=10.1002/eji.1830220635 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Simpson KL | author3=Okada H | display-authors=3 | last4=Okada | first4=Noriko | last5=Wainwright | first5=Shane D. | last6=Purcell | first6=Damian F. J. | last7=Houlihan | first7=James M. }} | |||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal | author=Hahn WC |title=Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59 |journal=Science |volume=256 |issue= 5065 |pages= 1805–1807 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1377404 |doi=10.1126/science.1377404 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Menu E | author3=Bothwell AL | display-authors=3 | last4=Sims | first4=P. | last5=Bierer | first5=B. }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Holmes CH | *{{cite journal |vauthors=Ninomiya H, Sims PJ |title=The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 19 |pages= 13675–80 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1377690 |doi= }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Petranka JG |title=Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=89 |issue= 17 |pages= 7876–7879 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1381503 |doi=10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876 | pmc=49817 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Fleenor DE | author3=Sykes K | display-authors=3 | last4=Kaufman | first4=RE | last5=Rosse | first5=WF }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal |vauthors=Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H |title=Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=22 |issue= 10 |pages= 2669–2673 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1382994 |doi=10.1002/eji.1830221029 }} | ||
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Rooney IA, Morgan BP |title=Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid |journal=Immunology |volume=76 |issue= 4 |pages= 541–7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1383132 |doi= | pmc=1421564 }} | |||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal |vauthors=Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H |title=Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=227 |issue= 3 |pages= 971–976 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1383553 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Philbrick WM |title=The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=20 |issue= 1 |pages= 87–92 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1689664 |doi=10.1002/eji.1830200113 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Palfree RG | author3=Maher SE | display-authors=3 | last4=Bridgett | first4=Margot M. | last5=Sirlin | first5=Sonia | last6=Bothwell | first6=Alfred L. M. }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Sawada R |title=Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=9 |issue= 3 |pages= 213–220 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1692709 |doi=10.1089/dna.1990.9.213 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ohashi K | author3=Anaguchi H | display-authors=3 | last4=Okazaki | first4=Hitoaki | last5=Hattori | first5=Masakazu | last6=Minato | first6=Nagahiro | last7=Naruto | first7=Masanobu }} | |||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal | author=Yamashina M |title=Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=323 |issue= 17 |pages= 1184–1189 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1699124 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199010253231707 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ueda E | author3=Kinoshita T | display-authors=3 | last4=Takami | first4=Tsuyoshi | last5=Ojima | first5=Akitsugu | last6=Ono | first6=Hiromasa | last7=Tanaka | first7=Hiroshi | last8=Kondo | first8=Naomi | last9=Orii | first9=Tadao }} | ||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal |vauthors=Rooney IA, Morgan BP |title=Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins |journal=Immunology |volume=71 |issue= 3 |pages= 308–11 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1702747 |doi= | pmc=1384423 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal |vauthors=Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP |title=Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=265 |issue= 2 |pages= 471–7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2302178 |doi= | pmc=1136908 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Okada H |title=20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=162 |issue= 3 |pages= 1553–1559 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2475111 |doi=10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Nagami Y | author3=Takahashi K | display-authors=3 | last4=Okada | first4=N | last5=Hideshima | first5=T | last6=Takizawa | first6=H | last7=Kondo | first7=J }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Davies A |title=CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=170 |issue= 3 |pages= 637–654 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2475570 |doi=10.1084/jem.170.3.637 | pmc=2189447 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Simmons DL | author3=Hale G | display-authors=3 | last4=Harrison | first4=RA | last5=Tighe | first5=H | last6=Lachmann | first6=PJ | last7=Waldmann | first7=H }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Sawada R |title=Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=17 |issue= 16 |pages= 6728–6728 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2476718 |doi=10.1093/nar/17.16.6728 | pmc=318369 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ohashi K | author3=Okano K | display-authors=3 | last4=Hattori | first4=Masakazu | last5=Minato | first5=Nagahiro | last6=Naruto | first6=Masanobu }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Sugita Y |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement |journal=J. Biochem. |volume=106 |issue= 4 |pages= 555–7 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2606909 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Tobe T | author3=Oda E | display-authors=3 | last4=Tomita | first4=M | last5=Yasukawa | first5=K | last6=Yamaji | first6=N | last7=Takemoto | first7=T | last8=Furuichi | first8=K | last9=Takayama | first9=M }} | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | *{{cite journal | author=Bora NS |title=Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye |journal=Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. |volume=34 |issue= 13 |pages= 3579–84 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7505007 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Gobleman CL | author3=Atkinson JP | display-authors=3 | last4=Pepose | first4=JS | last5=Kaplan | first5=HJ }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Kieffer B |title=Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins |journal=Biochemistry |volume=33 |issue= 15 |pages= 4471–4482 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7512825 |doi=10.1021/bi00181a006 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Driscoll PC | author3=Campbell ID | display-authors=3 | last4=Willis | first4=Antony C. | last5=Van Der Merwe | first5=P. Anton | last6=Davis | first6=Simon J. }} | |||
*{{cite journal | | *{{cite journal | author=Kennedy SP |title=Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59 |journal=Transplantation |volume=57 |issue= 10 |pages= 1494–501 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7515200 |doi= 10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017|name-list-format=vanc| author2=Rollins SA | author3=Burton WV | display-authors=3 | last4=Sims | first4=PJ | last5=Bothwell | first5=AL | last6=Squinto | first6=SP | last7=Zavoico | first7=GB }} | ||
*{{cite journal | | |||
*{{cite journal | author= | |||
}} | |||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* {{MeshName|CD59+Antigen}} | * {{MeshName|CD59+Antigen}} | ||
* {{UCSC gene info|CD59}} | |||
{{ | {{PDB Gallery|geneid=966}} | ||
{{Clusters of differentiation}} | {{Clusters of differentiation}} | ||
{{Complement system}} | |||
[[Category:Clusters of differentiation]] | [[Category:Clusters of differentiation]] | ||
Revision as of 09:23, 30 August 2017
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Ensembl |
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RefSeq (mRNA) |
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Location (UCSC) | n/a | n/a | |||||
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CD59 glycoprotein, also known as MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP), membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), or protectin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD59 gene.[1] It belongs to the LY6/uPAR/alpha-neurotoxin protein family.[2]
CD59 attaches to host cells via a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. When complement activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent C9 from polymerizing and forming the complement membrane attack complex.[3] It may also signal the cell to perform active measures such as endocytosis of the CD59-CD9 complex.[2]
Mutations affecting GPI that reduce expression of CD59 and decay-accelerating factor on red blood cells result in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.[4]
Viruses such as HIV, human cytomegalovirus and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope to prevent lysis by complement.[5]
References
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E (Aug 1998). "Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review)". international journal of oncology. 13 (2): 305–18. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305. PMID 9664126.
- ↑ Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S (September 2006). "Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (37): 27398–27404. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200. PMID 16844690.
- ↑ Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood. 106 (12): 3699–709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. PMC 1895106. PMID 16051736.
- ↑ Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z (July 2004). "Cell signals transduced by complement". Mol. Immunol. 41 (6–7): 583–597. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007. PMID 15219997.
Further reading
- Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP (1992). "Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells". Immunology. 75 (2): 372–7. PMC 1384722. PMID 1372592.
- Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, et al. (1992). "Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55)". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (6): 1579–1585. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635. PMID 1376264.
- Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, et al. (1992). "Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59". Science. 256 (5065): 1805–1807. doi:10.1126/science.1377404. PMID 1377404.
- Ninomiya H, Sims PJ (1992). "The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690.
- Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, et al. (1992). "Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (17): 7876–7879. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876. PMC 49817. PMID 1381503.
- Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H (1992). "Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (10): 2669–2673. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029. PMID 1382994.
- Rooney IA, Morgan BP (1992). "Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid". Immunology. 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564. PMID 1383132.
- Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H (1992). "Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation". J. Mol. Biol. 227 (3): 971–976. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G. PMID 1383553.
- Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, et al. (1990). "The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility". Eur. J. Immunol. 20 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113. PMID 1689664.
- Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, et al. (1990). "Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes". DNA Cell Biol. 9 (3): 213–220. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213. PMID 1692709.
- Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, et al. (1990). "Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". N. Engl. J. Med. 323 (17): 1184–1189. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707. PMID 1699124.
- Rooney IA, Morgan BP (1991). "Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins". Immunology. 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423. PMID 1702747.
- Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP (1990). "Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids". Biochem. J. 265 (2): 471–7. PMC 1136908. PMID 2302178.
- Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, et al. (1989). "20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162 (3): 1553–1559. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8. PMID 2475111.
- Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, et al. (1989). "CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells". J. Exp. Med. 170 (3): 637–654. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637. PMC 2189447. PMID 2475570.
- Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, et al. (1989). "Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (16): 6728–6728. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728. PMC 318369. PMID 2476718.
- Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, et al. (1990). "Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement". J. Biochem. 106 (4): 555–7. PMID 2606909.
- Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, et al. (1994). "Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007.
- Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, et al. (1994). "Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins". Biochemistry. 33 (15): 4471–4482. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006. PMID 7512825.
- Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, et al. (1994). "Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59". Transplantation. 57 (10): 1494–501. doi:10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017. PMID 7515200.
External links
- CD59+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.