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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''CD166 antigen''' is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane [[glycoprotein]] that is a member of the [[immunoglobulin superfamily]] of proteins. In humans it is encoded by the '''''ALCAM''''' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid7760007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, Modrell B, Malacko AR, Wang WC, Marquardt H, Neubauer M, Pesando JM, Francke U | title = Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand | journal = J Exp Med | volume = 181 | issue = 6 | pages = 2213–20 |date=Jun 1995 | pmid = 7760007 | pmc = 2192054 | doi =10.1084/jem.181.6.2213  |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=214| accessdate = }}</ref> It is also called '''CD166''' ([[cluster of differentiation]] 166), MEMD,<ref name=Degan1998/> SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat.
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Some literature sources have also cited it as the CD6 ligand (CD6L). It is expressed on activated [[T cell]]s, activated [[monocyte]]s, [[Epithelium|epithelial]] cells, [[fibroblast]]s, [[neuron]]s, [[melanoma]] cells, and also in [[Sweat gland|sweat]] and [[Sebaceous gland|sebaceous]] glands.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanoma.<ref name=Degan1998>{{cite journal  | vauthors=Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG |title=MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule). |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=152 |issue= 3 |pages= 805–13 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9502422 |doi= | pmc=1858405  |display-authors=etal }}</ref> CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}
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Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = 
| image_source = 
| PDB =
| Name = Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule
| HGNCid = 400
| Symbol = ALCAM
| AltSymbols =; CD166; FLJ38514; MEMD; MGC71733
| OMIM = 601662
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 1229
| MGIid = 1313266
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005102 |text = receptor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019735 |text = antimicrobial humoral response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 214
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000170017
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001618
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001627
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 106568403
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 106778433
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q13740
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 11658
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022636
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009655
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033785
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 16
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 52170261
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 52373422
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TTY3
  }}
}}
'''Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule''', also known as '''ALCAM''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=214| accessdate = }}</ref>. It is also called '''CD166''' ([[cluster of differentiation]] 166).


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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
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| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Whitney GS, Starling GC, Bowen MA, ''et al.'' |title=The membrane-proximal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of CD6 contains the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule binding site. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 31 |pages= 18187-90 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7543097 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Whitney GS, Starling GC, Bowen MA |title=The membrane-proximal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of CD6 contains the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule binding site. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 31 |pages= 18187–90 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7543097 |doi=10.1074/jbc.270.31.18187 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=181 |issue= 6 |pages= 2213-20 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7760007 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Bajorath J, Bowen MA, Aruffo A |title=Molecular model of the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of the human CD6 ligand ALCAM. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=4 |issue= 8 |pages= 1644–7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8520490 |doi=10.1002/pro.5560040822  | pmc=2143187 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bajorath J, Bowen MA, Aruffo A |title=Molecular model of the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of the human CD6 ligand ALCAM. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=4 |issue= 8 |pages= 1644-7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8520490 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Skonier JE, Bowen MA, Emswiler J |title=Recognition of diverse proteins by members of the immunoglobulin superfamily: delineation of the receptor binding site in the human CD6 ligand ALCAM. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=35 |issue= 38 |pages= 12287–91 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8823162 |doi= 10.1021/bi961038k |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Skonier JE, Bowen MA, Emswiler J, ''et al.'' |title=Recognition of diverse proteins by members of the immunoglobulin superfamily: delineation of the receptor binding site in the human CD6 ligand ALCAM. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=35 |issue= 38 |pages= 12287-91 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8823162 |doi= 10.1021/bi961038k }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Singer NG, Mitra R, Lialios F |title=CD6 dependent interactions of T cells and keratinocytes: functional evidence for a second CD6 ligand on gamma-interferon activated keratinocytes. |journal=Immunol. Lett. |volume=58 |issue= 1 |pages= 9–14 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9436462 |doi=10.1016/S0165-2478(97)02707-7  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Singer NG, Mitra R, Lialios F, ''et al.'' |title=CD6 dependent interactions of T cells and keratinocytes: functional evidence for a second CD6 ligand on gamma-interferon activated keratinocytes. |journal=Immunol. Lett. |volume=58 |issue= 1 |pages= 9-14 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9436462 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG |title=MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule). |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=152 |issue= 3 |pages= 805–13 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9502422 |doi=  | pmc=1858405  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, ''et al.'' |title=MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule). |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=152 |issue= 3 |pages= 805-13 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9502422 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Cortés F, Deschaseaux F, Uchida N |title=HCA, an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule present on the earliest human hematopoietic precursor cells, is also expressed by stromal cells in blood-forming tissues. |journal=Blood |volume=93 |issue= 3 |pages= 826–37 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9920831 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cortés F, Deschaseaux F, Uchida N, ''et al.'' |title=HCA, an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule present on the earliest human hematopoietic precursor cells, is also expressed by stromal cells in blood-forming tissues. |journal=Blood |volume=93 |issue= 3 |pages= 826-37 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9920831 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Tomita K, van Bokhoven A, Jansen CF |title=Coordinate recruitment of E-cadherin and ALCAM to cell-cell contacts by alpha-catenin. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=267 |issue= 3 |pages= 870–4 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10673383 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1999.2040 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tomita K, van Bokhoven A, Jansen CF, ''et al.'' |title=Coordinate recruitment of E-cadherin and ALCAM to cell-cell contacts by alpha-catenin. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=267 |issue= 3 |pages= 870-4 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10673383 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1999.2040 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=van Kempen LC, Nelissen JM, Degen WG |title=Molecular basis for the homophilic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)-ALCAM interaction. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 28 |pages= 25783–90 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11306570 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M011272200 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=van Kempen LC, Nelissen JM, Degen WG, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular basis for the homophilic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)-ALCAM interaction. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 28 |pages= 25783-90 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11306570 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M011272200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Kristiansen G, Pilarsky C, Wissmann C |title=ALCAM/CD166 is up-regulated in low-grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high-grade lesions. |journal=Prostate |volume=54 |issue= 1 |pages= 34–43 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12481253 |doi= 10.1002/pros.10161 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kristiansen G, Pilarsky C, Wissmann C, ''et al.'' |title=ALCAM/CD166 is up-regulated in low-grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high-grade lesions. |journal=Prostate |volume=54 |issue= 1 |pages= 34-43 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12481253 |doi= 10.1002/pros.10161 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R |title=Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry. |journal=Nat. Biotechnol. |volume=21 |issue= 6 |pages= 660–6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12754519 |doi= 10.1038/nbt827 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R |title=Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry. |journal=Nat. Biotechnol. |volume=21 |issue= 6 |pages= 660-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12754519 |doi= 10.1038/nbt827 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Kosaka K |title=Human blastocysts and endometrial epithelial cells express activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166). |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=88 |issue= 7 |pages= 3437–43 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12843199 |doi=10.1210/jc.2002-021888  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Kosaka K, ''et al.'' |title=Human blastocysts and endometrial epithelial cells express activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166). |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=88 |issue= 7 |pages= 3437-43 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12843199 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=van Kempen LC, Meier F, Egeblad M |title=Truncation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a gateway to melanoma metastasis. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=122 |issue= 5 |pages= 1293–301 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15140234 |doi= 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22531.x |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=van Kempen LC, Meier F, Egeblad M, ''et al.'' |title=Truncation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a gateway to melanoma metastasis. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=122 |issue= 5 |pages= 1293-301 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15140234 |doi= 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22531.x }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Zimmerman AW, Nelissen JM, van Emst-de Vries SE |title=Cytoskeletal restraints regulate homotypic ALCAM-mediated adhesion through PKCalpha independently of Rho-like GTPases. |journal=J. Cell Sci. |volume=117 |issue= Pt 13 |pages= 2841–52 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15169840 |doi= 10.1242/jcs.01139 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zimmerman AW, Nelissen JM, van Emst-de Vries SE, ''et al.'' |title=Cytoskeletal restraints regulate homotypic ALCAM-mediated adhesion through PKCalpha independently of Rho-like GTPases. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=117 |issue= Pt 13 |pages= 2841-52 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15169840 |doi= 10.1242/jcs.01139 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Ikeda K, Quertermous T |title=Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 53 |pages= 55315–23 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15496415 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M407776200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ikeda K, Quertermous T |title=Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 53 |pages= 55315-23 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15496415 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M407776200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Verma A, Shukla NK, Deo SV |title=MEMD/ALCAM: a potential marker for tumor invasion and nodal metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |journal=Oncology |volume=68 |issue= 4–6 |pages= 462–70 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16024937 |doi= 10.1159/000086989 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Verma A, Shukla NK, Deo SV, ''et al.'' |title=MEMD/ALCAM: a potential marker for tumor invasion and nodal metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |journal=Oncology |volume=68 |issue= 4-6 |pages= 462-70 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16024937 |doi= 10.1159/000086989 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Lunter PC, van Kilsdonk JW, van Beek H |title=Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a novel actor in invasive growth, controls matrix metalloproteinase activity |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=65 |issue= 19 |pages= 8801–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16204050 |doi= 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0378 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lunter PC, van Kilsdonk JW, van Beek H, ''et al.'' |title=Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a novel actor in invasive growth, controls matrix metalloproteinase activity. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=65 |issue= 19 |pages= 8801-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16204050 |doi= 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0378 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA |title=Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry |journal=J. Proteome Res. |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 2070–80 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16335952 |doi= 10.1021/pr0502065 | pmc=1850943 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | author=Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, ''et al.'' |title=Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. |journal=J. Proteome Res. |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 2070-80 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16335952 |doi= 10.1021/pr0502065 }}
}}
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{{membrane-protein-stub}}
==External links==
* {{MeshName|ALCAM}}
* {{UCSC gene info|ALCAM}}
 
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Fibrous proteins}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Alcam}}
[[Category:Clusters of differentiation]]
[[Category:Clusters of differentiation]]
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Latest revision as of 19:16, 8 November 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

CD166 antigen is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins. In humans it is encoded by the ALCAM gene.[1][2] It is also called CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), MEMD,[3] SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat.

Some literature sources have also cited it as the CD6 ligand (CD6L). It is expressed on activated T cells, activated monocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, melanoma cells, and also in sweat and sebaceous glands.[citation needed] CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanoma.[3] CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development.[citation needed]

Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.[citation needed]


References

  1. ↑ Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, Modrell B, Malacko AR, Wang WC, Marquardt H, Neubauer M, Pesando JM, Francke U, et al. (Jun 1995). "Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand". J Exp Med. 181 (6): 2213–20. doi:10.1084/jem.181.6.2213. PMC 2192054. PMID 7760007.
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.

Further reading

External links


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