ALCAM

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External IDs	GeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

CD166 antigen is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins. In humans it is encoded by the ALCAM gene. It is also called CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), MEMD, SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat.

Some literature sources have also cited it as the CD6 ligand (CD6L). It is expressed on activated T cells, activated monocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, melanoma cells, and also in sweat and sebaceous glands. CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanoma. CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development.

Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.

Further reading

• Whitney GS, Starling GC, Bowen MA, et al. (1995). "The membrane-proximal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of CD6 contains the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule binding site". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (31): 18187–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.31.18187. PMID 7543097.
• Bajorath J, Bowen MA, Aruffo A (1996). "Molecular model of the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of the human CD6 ligand ALCAM". Protein Sci. 4 (8): 1644–7. doi:10.1002/pro.5560040822. PMC 2143187. PMID 8520490.
• Skonier JE, Bowen MA, Emswiler J, et al. (1996). "Recognition of diverse proteins by members of the immunoglobulin superfamily: delineation of the receptor binding site in the human CD6 ligand ALCAM". Biochemistry. 35 (38): 12287–91. doi:10.1021/bi961038k. PMID 8823162.
• Singer NG, Mitra R, Lialios F, et al. (1998). "CD6 dependent interactions of T cells and keratinocytes: functional evidence for a second CD6 ligand on gamma-interferon activated keratinocytes". Immunol. Lett. 58 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(97)02707-7. PMID 9436462.
• Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.
• Cortés F, Deschaseaux F, Uchida N, et al. (1999). "HCA, an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule present on the earliest human hematopoietic precursor cells, is also expressed by stromal cells in blood-forming tissues". Blood. 93 (3): 826–37. PMID 9920831.
• Tomita K, van Bokhoven A, Jansen CF, et al. (2000). "Coordinate recruitment of E-cadherin and ALCAM to cell-cell contacts by alpha-catenin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (3): 870–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2040. PMID 10673383.
• van Kempen LC, Nelissen JM, Degen WG, et al. (2001). "Molecular basis for the homophilic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)-ALCAM interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25783–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011272200. PMID 11306570.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Kristiansen G, Pilarsky C, Wissmann C, et al. (2003). "ALCAM/CD166 is up-regulated in low-grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high-grade lesions". Prostate. 54 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1002/pros.10161. PMID 12481253.
• Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R (2003). "Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (6): 660–6. doi:10.1038/nbt827. PMID 12754519.
• Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Kosaka K, et al. (2003). "Human blastocysts and endometrial epithelial cells express activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166)". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (7): 3437–43. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021888. PMID 12843199.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• van Kempen LC, Meier F, Egeblad M, et al. (2004). "Truncation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a gateway to melanoma metastasis". J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 (5): 1293–301. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22531.x. PMID 15140234.
• Zimmerman AW, Nelissen JM, van Emst-de Vries SE, et al. (2005). "Cytoskeletal restraints regulate homotypic ALCAM-mediated adhesion through PKCalpha independently of Rho-like GTPases". J. Cell Sci. 117 (Pt 13): 2841–52. doi:10.1242/jcs.01139. PMID 15169840.
• Ikeda K, Quertermous T (2005). "Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (53): 55315–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407776200. PMID 15496415.
• Verma A, Shukla NK, Deo SV, et al. (2005). "MEMD/ALCAM: a potential marker for tumor invasion and nodal metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Oncology. 68 (4–6): 462–70. doi:10.1159/000086989. PMID 16024937.
• Lunter PC, van Kilsdonk JW, van Beek H, et al. (2005). "Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a novel actor in invasive growth, controls matrix metalloproteinase activity". Cancer Res. 65 (19): 8801–8. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0378. PMID 16204050.
• Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, et al. (2006). "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943. PMID 16335952.

External links

• ALCAM at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Human ALCAM genome location and ALCAM gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.