TAAR2

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Trace amine-associated receptor 2 (TAAR2), formerly known as G protein-coupled receptor 58 (GPR58), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR2 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] TAAR2 is coexpressed with G_α proteins;^[4] however, as of February 2017,^[update] its signal transduction mechanisms have not been determined.^[4]

Human TAAR2 (hTAAR2) is expressed in the cerebellum, olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium, and leukocytes (i.e., white blood cells), among other tissues.^[5]^[6] hTAAR1 and hTAAR2 are both required for white blood cell activation by trace amines in granulocytes.^[7] Phenethylamine, para-tyramine, and 3-iodothyronamine are full agonists of hTAAR2 with EC₅₀ values of 0.43 ± 0.05 nM, 0.52 ± 0.05 nM, and 0.25 ± 0.04 nM respectively.^[5]

A single nucleotide polymorphism nonsense mutation of the TAAR2 gene is associated with schizophrenia.^[4]^[5] TAAR2 is a probable pseudogene in 10–15% of Asians as a result of a polymorphism that produces a premature stop codon at amino acid 168.^[4]

References

↑ Lee DK, Lynch KR, Nguyen T, Im DS, Cheng R, Saldivia VR, Liu Y, Liu IS, Heng HH, Seeman P, George SR, O'Dowd BF, Marchese A (Jun 2000). "Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1490 (3): 311–23. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00241-9. PMID 10684976.
↑ Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Hoener MC (Feb 2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors". Genomics. 85 (3): 372–85. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID 15718104.
↑ "Entrez Gene: TAAR2 trace amine associated receptor 2".
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Davenport AP, Alexander S, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga C, Battey J, Benya RV, Jensen RT, Karnik S, Kostenis E, Spindel E, Storjohann L, Tirupula K, Bonner TI, Neubig R, Pin JP, Spedding M, Harmar A (25 June 2015). "TAAR2". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Khan MZ, Nawaz W (October 2016). "The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system". Biomed. Pharmacother. 83: 439–449. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002. PMID 27424325.
↑ Cichero E, Tonelli M (November 2016). "New insights into the structure of the trace amine-associated receptor 2: Homology modelling studies exploring the binding mode of 3-iodothyronamine". Chem Biol Drug Des. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12903. PMID 27863038.
↑ Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D (March 2013). "Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2". J. Leukoc. Biol. 93 (3): 387–94. doi:10.1189/jlb.0912433. PMID 23315425.

Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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[pmid10684976-1] Lee DK, Lynch KR, Nguyen T, Im DS, Cheng R, Saldivia VR, Liu Y, Liu IS, Heng HH, Seeman P, George SR, O'Dowd BF, Marchese A (Jun 2000). "Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1490 (3): 311–23. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00241-9. PMID 10684976.

[pmid15718104-2] Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Hoener MC (Feb 2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors". Genomics. 85 (3): 372–85. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID 15718104.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: TAAR2 trace amine associated receptor 2".

[IUPHAR_TAAR2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Davenport AP, Alexander S, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga C, Battey J, Benya RV, Jensen RT, Karnik S, Kostenis E, Spindel E, Storjohann L, Tirupula K, Bonner TI, Neubig R, Pin JP, Spedding M, Harmar A (25 June 2015). "TAAR2". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 22 February 2017.

[Human_trace_amines_and_hTAARs_October_2016_review-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Khan MZ, Nawaz W (October 2016). "The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system". Biomed. Pharmacother. 83: 439–449. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002. PMID 27424325.

[TAAR2_3-iodothyronamine-6] Cichero E, Tonelli M (November 2016). "New insights into the structure of the trace amine-associated receptor 2: Homology modelling studies exploring the binding mode of 3-iodothyronamine". Chem Biol Drug Des. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12903. PMID 27863038.

[pmid23315425-7] Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D (March 2013). "Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2". J. Leukoc. Biol. 93 (3): 387–94. doi:10.1189/jlb.0912433. PMID 23315425.

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TAAR2

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TAAR2

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