Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
WikiBot (talk | contribs)
Bots, Bureaucrats, bureaucrats, interwiki, nocaptcha, Administrators
57,550 edits
m Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{WikiDoc Cardiology Network Infobox}} +, -<references /> +{{reflist|2}}, -{{reflist}} +{{reflist|2}})
 
m Bot: HTTP→HTTPS (v470)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2''' ('''CRHR2''') is a [[protein]], also known by the [[IUPHAR]]-recommended name CRF<sub>2</sub>,<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CRHR2 corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1395| accessdate = }}</ref> that is encoded by the CRHR2 gene and occurs on the surfaces of some mammalian cells. CRF<sub>2</sub> receptors are type 2 G protein-coupled receptors for [[corticotropin-releasing hormone]] (CRH) that are resident in the plasma membranes of hormone-sensitive cells. CRH, a peptide of 41 amino acids synthesized in the hypothalamus, is the principal neuroregulator of the [[hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis]], signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins ([[G protein]]s) and downstream effectors such as [[adenylate cyclase]]. The CRF<sub>2</sub> receptor is a multi-pass membrane protein with a transmembrane domain composed of seven helices arranged in a V-shape. CRF<sub>2</sub> receptors are activated by two  structurally similar peptides, [[urocortin II]] and [[urocortin III]], as well as CRH.<ref name="pmid20966082">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pal K, Swaminathan K, Xu HE, Pioszak AA | title = Structural basis for hormone recognition by the Human CRFR2{alpha} G protein-coupled receptor | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 285 | issue = 51 | pages = 40351–61 | date = Dec 2010 | pmid = 20966082 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.m110.186072 | pmc=3001015}}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Properties ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =  
| Name = Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2
| HGNCid = 2358
| Symbol = CRHR2
| AltSymbols =; CRFR2
| OMIM = 602034
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 55612
| MGIid = 894312
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CRHR2_207897_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CRHR2_211510_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004930 |text = G-protein coupled receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015056 |text = corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007188 |text = G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1395
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000106113
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001874
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001883
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 30658725
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 30706244
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q13324
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 12922
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000003476
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009953
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034083
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 55019665
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 55062550
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3UQP0
  }}
}}
'''Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2''', also known as '''CRHR2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CRHR2 corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1395| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The human CRHR2 gene contains 12 [[exon]]s. Three major functional isoforms, alpha (411 amino acids), beta (438 amino acids), and gamma (397 amino acids), encoded by transcripts with alternative first exons,<ref name="pmid12554761">{{cite journal | vauthors = Catalano RD, Kyriakou T, Chen J, Easton A, Hillhouse EW | title = Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone type 2 receptors by multiple promoters and alternative splicing: identification of multiple splice variants | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 395–410 | date = Mar 2003 | pmid = 12554761 | doi = 10.1210/me.2002-0302 }}</ref> differ only in the N-terminal sequence comprising the signal peptide and part of the extracellular domain (amino acids 18-108 of CRHR2 alpha); the unique N-terminal sequence of each isoform (34 amino acids in CRHR2 alpha; 61 amino acids in Hs CRHR2 beta; 20 amino acids in CRHR2 gamma) is followed by a sequence common to all isoforms (377 amino acids)<ref name="uniprot">{{cite web | title = Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q13324 (CRFR2_HUMAN) | url=http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q13324 | accessdate = }}</ref> comprising most of the multi-pass transmembrane domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain of 47 amino acids.
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text =  
}}


==See also==
CRHR2 beta is expressed in human brain; CRHR2 alpha predominates in peripheral tissues. The N-terminal signal peptides of [[corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1]] and CRHR2 beta are cleaved off in the [[endoplasmic reticulum]] to yield the mature receptors. In contrast, CRHR2 alpha contains a unique pseudo signal peptide that is not removed from the mature receptor. In adenylate cyclase activation assays, CRH-related peptides are 10 times more potent at stimulating CRHR2 beta than CRHR2 alpha and CRHR2 gamma, suggesting that the N-terminal sequence is involved in the ligand-receptor interaction.<ref name="pmid11450436">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hillhouse EW, Grammatopoulos DK | title = Control of intracellular signalling by corticotropin-releasing hormone in human myometrium | journal = Frontiers of Hormone Research | volume = 27 | issue =  | pages = 66–74 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11450436 | doi = 10.1159/000061042 | series = Frontiers of Hormone Research | isbn = 3-8055-7195-X }}</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor]]
* [[Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Perrin MH, Donaldson CJ, Chen R, Lewis KA, Vale WW | title = Cloning and functional expression of a rat brain corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 133 | issue = 6 | pages = 3058–61 | date = Dec 1993 | pmid = 8243338 | doi = 10.1210/en.133.6.3058 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Liaw CW, Lovenberg TW, Barry G, Oltersdorf T, Grigoriadis DE, de Souza EB | title = Cloning and characterization of the human corticotropin-releasing factor-2 receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 137 | issue = 1 | pages = 72–7 | date = Jan 1996 | pmid = 8536644 | doi = 10.1210/en.137.1.72 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Perrin MH, Donaldson CJ, Chen R, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and functional expression of a rat brain corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=133 |issue= 6 |pages= 3058-61 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8243338 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Donaldson CJ, Sutton SW, Perrin MH, Corrigan AZ, Lewis KA, Rivier JE, Vaughan JM, Vale WW | title = Cloning and characterization of human urocortin | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 137 | issue = 5 | pages = 2167–70 | date = May 1996 | pmid = 8612563 | doi = 10.1210/en.137.5.2167 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Liaw CW, Lovenberg TW, Barry G, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and characterization of the human corticotropin-releasing factor-2 receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=137 |issue= 1 |pages= 72-7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8536644 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Meyer AH, Ullmer C, Schmuck K, Morel C, Wishart W, Lübbert H, Engels P | title = Localization of the human CRF2 receptor to 7p21-p15 by radiation hybrid mapping and FISH analysis | journal = Genomics | volume = 40 | issue = 1 | pages = 189–90 | date = Feb 1997 | pmid = 9070940 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.4521 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Donaldson CJ, Sutton SW, Perrin MH, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and characterization of human urocortin. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=137 |issue= 5 |pages= 2167-70 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8612563 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Valdenaire O, Giller T, Breu V, Gottowik J, Kilpatrick G | title = A new functional isoform of the human CRF2 receptor for corticotropin-releasing factor | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 1352 | issue = 2 | pages = 129–32 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9199241 | doi = 10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00047-x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Meyer AH, Ullmer C, Schmuck K, ''et al.'' |title=Localization of the human CRF2 receptor to 7p21-p15 by radiation hybrid mapping and FISH analysis. |journal=Genomics |volume=40 |issue= 1 |pages= 189-90 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9070940 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.4521 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gottowik J, Goetschy V, Henriot S, Kitas E, Fluhman B, Clerc RG, Moreau JL, Monsma FJ, Kilpatrick GJ | title = Labelling of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors using the novel radioligand, [3H]-urocortin | journal = Neuropharmacology | volume = 36 | issue = 10 | pages = 1439–46 | date = Oct 1997 | pmid = 9423932 | doi = 10.1016/S0028-3908(97)00098-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Valdenaire O, Giller T, Breu V, ''et al.'' |title=A new functional isoform of the human CRF2 receptor for corticotropin-releasing factor. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1352 |issue= 2 |pages= 129-32 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9199241 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kostich WA, Chen A, Sperle K, Largent BL | title = Molecular identification and analysis of a novel human corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor: the CRF2gamma receptor | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 12 | issue = 8 | pages = 1077–85 | date = Aug 1998 | pmid = 9717834 | doi = 10.1210/me.12.8.1077 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gottowik J, Goetschy V, Henriot S, ''et al.'' |title=Labelling of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors using the novel radioligand, [3H]-urocortin. |journal=Neuropharmacology |volume=36 |issue= 10 |pages= 1439-46 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9423932 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Willenberg HS, Bornstein SR, Hiroi N, Päth G, Goretzki PE, Scherbaum WA, Chrousos GP | title = Effects of a novel corticotropin-releasing-hormone receptor type I antagonist on human adrenal function | journal = Molecular Psychiatry | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 137–41 | date = Mar 2000 | pmid = 10822340 | doi = 10.1038/sj.mp.4000720 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kostich WA, Chen A, Sperle K, Largent BL |title=Molecular identification and analysis of a novel human corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor: the CRF2gamma receptor. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=12 |issue= 8 |pages= 1077-85 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9717834 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Reyes TM, Lewis K, Perrin MH, Kunitake KS, Vaughan J, Arias CA, Hogenesch JB, Gulyas J, Rivier J, Vale WW, Sawchenko PE | title = Urocortin II: a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 98 | issue = 5 | pages = 2843–8 | date = Feb 2001 | pmid = 11226328 | pmc = 30227 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.051626398 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Willenberg HS, Bornstein SR, Hiroi N, ''et al.'' |title=Effects of a novel corticotropin-releasing-hormone receptor type I antagonist on human adrenal function. |journal=Mol. Psychiatry |volume=5 |issue= 2 |pages= 137-41 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10822340 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hsu SY, Hsueh AJ | title = Human stresscopin and stresscopin-related peptide are selective ligands for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor | journal = Nature Medicine | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 605–11 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11329063 | doi = 10.1038/87936 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reyes TM, Lewis K, Perrin MH, ''et al.'' |title=Urocortin II: a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 5 |pages= 2843-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11226328 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.051626398 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lewis K, Li C, Perrin MH, Blount A, Kunitake K, Donaldson C, Vaughan J, Reyes TM, Gulyas J, Fischer W, Bilezikjian L, Rivier J, Sawchenko PE, Vale WW | title = Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 98 | issue = 13 | pages = 7570–5 | date = Jun 2001 | pmid = 11416224 | pmc = 34709 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.121165198 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hsu SY, Hsueh AJ |title=Human stresscopin and stresscopin-related peptide are selective ligands for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor. |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=7 |issue= 5 |pages= 605-11 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11329063 |doi= 10.1038/87936 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wetzka B, Sehringer B, Schäfer WR, Biller S, Hör C, Benedek E, Deppert WR, Zahradnik HP | title = Expression patterns of CRH, CRH receptors, and CRH binding protein in human gestational tissue at term | journal = Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes | volume = 111 | issue = 3 | pages = 154–61 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12784189 | doi = 10.1055/s-2003-39778 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lewis K, Li C, Perrin MH, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 13 |pages= 7570-5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11416224 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.121165198 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Karteris E, Hillhouse EW, Grammatopoulos D | title = Urocortin II is expressed in human pregnant myometrial cells and regulates myosin light chain phosphorylation: potential role of the type-2 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the control of myometrial contractility | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 145 | issue = 2 | pages = 890–900 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14592950 | doi = 10.1210/en.2003-1210 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Seres J, Bornstein SR, Seres P, Willenberg HS, Schulte KM, Scherbaum WA, Ehrhart-Bornstein M | title = Corticotropin-releasing hormone system in human adipose tissue | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 89 | issue = 2 | pages = 965–70 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14764822 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2003-031299 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, ''et al.'' |title=Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5620 |pages= 767-72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12690205 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083423 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW | title = Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation | journal = Nature Biotechnology | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 707–16 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15146197 | doi = 10.1038/nbt971 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wetzka B, Sehringer B, Schäfer WR, ''et al.'' |title=Expression patterns of CRH, CRH receptors, and CRH binding protein in human gestational tissue at term. |journal=Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes |volume=111 |issue= 3 |pages= 154-61 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12784189 |doi= 10.1055/s-2003-39778 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nanda SA, Roseboom PH, Nash GA, Speers JM, Kalin NH | title = Characterization of the human corticotropin-releasing factor2(a) receptor promoter: regulation by glucocorticoids and the cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate pathway | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 145 | issue = 12 | pages = 5605–15 | date = Dec 2004 | pmid = 15331578 | doi = 10.1210/en.2004-0907 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. |journal=Nature |volume=424 |issue= 6945 |pages= 157-64 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12853948 |doi= 10.1038/nature01782 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Karteris E, Hillhouse EW, Grammatopoulos D |title=Urocortin II is expressed in human pregnant myometrial cells and regulates myosin light chain phosphorylation: potential role of the type-2 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the control of myometrial contractility. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=145 |issue= 2 |pages= 890-900 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14592950 |doi= 10.1210/en.2003-1210 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Seres J, Bornstein SR, Seres P, ''et al.'' |title=Corticotropin-releasing hormone system in human adipose tissue. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=89 |issue= 2 |pages= 965-70 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14764822 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, ''et al.'' |title=Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation. |journal=Nat. Biotechnol. |volume=22 |issue= 6 |pages= 707-16 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15146197 |doi= 10.1038/nbt971 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nanda SA, Roseboom PH, Nash GA, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of the human corticotropin-releasing factor2(a) receptor promoter: regulation by glucocorticoids and the cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate pathway. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=145 |issue= 12 |pages= 5605-15 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15331578 |doi= 10.1210/en.2004-0907 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
== External links ==
*[http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ChapterMenuForward?chapterID=1321 IUPHAR GPCR Database - Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors]
* {{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2919 | title = Corticotropin-releasing Factor Receptors: CRF<sub>2</sub> | accessdate = | authorlink = | format = | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | pages = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = }}
* {{MeshName|Corticotropin-releasing+hormone+receptors}}
* {{MeshName|Corticotropin-releasing+hormone+receptors}}


{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{membrane-protein-stub}}
{{Neuropeptidergics}}
{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
[[Category:Corticotropin-releasing hormone]]
[[Category:Corticotropin-releasing hormone]]

Latest revision as of 00:53, 27 October 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

n/a

Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) is a protein, also known by the IUPHAR-recommended name CRF2,[1] that is encoded by the CRHR2 gene and occurs on the surfaces of some mammalian cells. CRF2 receptors are type 2 G protein-coupled receptors for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) that are resident in the plasma membranes of hormone-sensitive cells. CRH, a peptide of 41 amino acids synthesized in the hypothalamus, is the principal neuroregulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and downstream effectors such as adenylate cyclase. The CRF2 receptor is a multi-pass membrane protein with a transmembrane domain composed of seven helices arranged in a V-shape. CRF2 receptors are activated by two structurally similar peptides, urocortin II and urocortin III, as well as CRH.[2]

Properties

The human CRHR2 gene contains 12 exons. Three major functional isoforms, alpha (411 amino acids), beta (438 amino acids), and gamma (397 amino acids), encoded by transcripts with alternative first exons,[3] differ only in the N-terminal sequence comprising the signal peptide and part of the extracellular domain (amino acids 18-108 of CRHR2 alpha); the unique N-terminal sequence of each isoform (34 amino acids in CRHR2 alpha; 61 amino acids in Hs CRHR2 beta; 20 amino acids in CRHR2 gamma) is followed by a sequence common to all isoforms (377 amino acids)[4] comprising most of the multi-pass transmembrane domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain of 47 amino acids.

CRHR2 beta is expressed in human brain; CRHR2 alpha predominates in peripheral tissues. The N-terminal signal peptides of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 and CRHR2 beta are cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum to yield the mature receptors. In contrast, CRHR2 alpha contains a unique pseudo signal peptide that is not removed from the mature receptor. In adenylate cyclase activation assays, CRH-related peptides are 10 times more potent at stimulating CRHR2 beta than CRHR2 alpha and CRHR2 gamma, suggesting that the N-terminal sequence is involved in the ligand-receptor interaction.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: CRHR2 corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2".
  2. ↑ Pal K, Swaminathan K, Xu HE, Pioszak AA (Dec 2010). "Structural basis for hormone recognition by the Human CRFR2{alpha} G protein-coupled receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (51): 40351–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.186072. PMC 3001015. PMID 20966082.
  3. ↑ Catalano RD, Kyriakou T, Chen J, Easton A, Hillhouse EW (Mar 2003). "Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone type 2 receptors by multiple promoters and alternative splicing: identification of multiple splice variants". Molecular Endocrinology. 17 (3): 395–410. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0302. PMID 12554761.
  4. ↑ "Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q13324 (CRFR2_HUMAN)".
  5. ↑ Hillhouse EW, Grammatopoulos DK (2001). "Control of intracellular signalling by corticotropin-releasing hormone in human myometrium". Frontiers of Hormone Research. Frontiers of Hormone Research. 27: 66–74. doi:10.1159/000061042. ISBN 3-8055-7195-X. PMID 11450436.

Further reading

  • Perrin MH, Donaldson CJ, Chen R, Lewis KA, Vale WW (Dec 1993). "Cloning and functional expression of a rat brain corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor". Endocrinology. 133 (6): 3058–61. doi:10.1210/en.133.6.3058. PMID 8243338.
  • Liaw CW, Lovenberg TW, Barry G, Oltersdorf T, Grigoriadis DE, de Souza EB (Jan 1996). "Cloning and characterization of the human corticotropin-releasing factor-2 receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid". Endocrinology. 137 (1): 72–7. doi:10.1210/en.137.1.72. PMID 8536644.
  • Donaldson CJ, Sutton SW, Perrin MH, Corrigan AZ, Lewis KA, Rivier JE, Vaughan JM, Vale WW (May 1996). "Cloning and characterization of human urocortin". Endocrinology. 137 (5): 2167–70. doi:10.1210/en.137.5.2167. PMID 8612563.
  • Meyer AH, Ullmer C, Schmuck K, Morel C, Wishart W, Lübbert H, Engels P (Feb 1997). "Localization of the human CRF2 receptor to 7p21-p15 by radiation hybrid mapping and FISH analysis". Genomics. 40 (1): 189–90. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.4521. PMID 9070940.
  • Valdenaire O, Giller T, Breu V, Gottowik J, Kilpatrick G (May 1997). "A new functional isoform of the human CRF2 receptor for corticotropin-releasing factor". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1352 (2): 129–32. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00047-x. PMID 9199241.
  • Gottowik J, Goetschy V, Henriot S, Kitas E, Fluhman B, Clerc RG, Moreau JL, Monsma FJ, Kilpatrick GJ (Oct 1997). "Labelling of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors using the novel radioligand, [3H]-urocortin". Neuropharmacology. 36 (10): 1439–46. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(97)00098-1. PMID 9423932.
  • Kostich WA, Chen A, Sperle K, Largent BL (Aug 1998). "Molecular identification and analysis of a novel human corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor: the CRF2gamma receptor". Molecular Endocrinology. 12 (8): 1077–85. doi:10.1210/me.12.8.1077. PMID 9717834.
  • Willenberg HS, Bornstein SR, Hiroi N, Päth G, Goretzki PE, Scherbaum WA, Chrousos GP (Mar 2000). "Effects of a novel corticotropin-releasing-hormone receptor type I antagonist on human adrenal function". Molecular Psychiatry. 5 (2): 137–41. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000720. PMID 10822340.
  • Reyes TM, Lewis K, Perrin MH, Kunitake KS, Vaughan J, Arias CA, Hogenesch JB, Gulyas J, Rivier J, Vale WW, Sawchenko PE (Feb 2001). "Urocortin II: a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2843–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.051626398. PMC 30227. PMID 11226328.
  • Hsu SY, Hsueh AJ (May 2001). "Human stresscopin and stresscopin-related peptide are selective ligands for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor". Nature Medicine. 7 (5): 605–11. doi:10.1038/87936. PMID 11329063.
  • Lewis K, Li C, Perrin MH, Blount A, Kunitake K, Donaldson C, Vaughan J, Reyes TM, Gulyas J, Fischer W, Bilezikjian L, Rivier J, Sawchenko PE, Vale WW (Jun 2001). "Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (13): 7570–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.121165198. PMC 34709. PMID 11416224.
  • Wetzka B, Sehringer B, Schäfer WR, Biller S, Hör C, Benedek E, Deppert WR, Zahradnik HP (May 2003). "Expression patterns of CRH, CRH receptors, and CRH binding protein in human gestational tissue at term". Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 111 (3): 154–61. doi:10.1055/s-2003-39778. PMID 12784189.
  • Karteris E, Hillhouse EW, Grammatopoulos D (Feb 2004). "Urocortin II is expressed in human pregnant myometrial cells and regulates myosin light chain phosphorylation: potential role of the type-2 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the control of myometrial contractility". Endocrinology. 145 (2): 890–900. doi:10.1210/en.2003-1210. PMID 14592950.
  • Seres J, Bornstein SR, Seres P, Willenberg HS, Schulte KM, Scherbaum WA, Ehrhart-Bornstein M (Feb 2004). "Corticotropin-releasing hormone system in human adipose tissue". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 89 (2): 965–70. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031299. PMID 14764822.
  • Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW (Jun 2004). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nature Biotechnology. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197.
  • Nanda SA, Roseboom PH, Nash GA, Speers JM, Kalin NH (Dec 2004). "Characterization of the human corticotropin-releasing factor2(a) receptor promoter: regulation by glucocorticoids and the cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate pathway". Endocrinology. 145 (12): 5605–15. doi:10.1210/en.2004-0907. PMID 15331578.

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Corticotropin_releasing_hormone_receptor_2&oldid=1421615"