Angiotensinogen core promoter element gene transcriptions: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:47, 22 January 2020

Editor-In-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

This is a restored image of a group of Ainu men between 1863 and early 1870s. Credit: Felice Beato.

Angiotensinogen core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) is an example of a core promoter element that may occur in a DNA sequence for only one gene (the human angiotensinogen gene angiotensin).

Proof of concept

For the original research project focused on the transcription of A1BG, proof of concept may be simply that AGCE1 occurs in the core promoter.

Core promoters

The core promoter is the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate gene transcription. It contains a binding site for RNA polymerase (RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, or RNA polymerase III). Any specific gene’s core promoter is ultimately targeted by a vast network of regulatory factors that contribute to the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase.

AGCE1 can occur upstream from -25 to -1 base pairs (bp)s of the transcription start site.^[1]

Consensus sequences

The consensus sequence is 3'-A/C-T-C/T-5'.^[1] By convention, this is 5'-MTY-3' on the mRNA, with T replaced by uracil (U).

The core nucleotides for AGCE1 include 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5', "located between the TATA box and transcription initiation site (positions −25 to −1) is an authentic regulator of human AG transcription."^[2]

Human genes

"[T]he core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) of the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT) ... acts as a critical regulator of AGT transcription".^[1] GeneID: 183 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ] has the official symbol AGT.^[3]

Gene transcriptions

Within the variation allowed by the consensus sequence, it is likely that the transcriptional activities of an E-box-like motif of two juxtaposed AGCE1 elements have the following ratios: "CTC/CTC and ATC/ATC homozygotes or the CTC/ATC heterozygotes are 2.5 times higher than that of the ATT/ATT homozygote and that the CTC/ATT and ATC/ATT heterozygotes are 1.75 times higher than that of the ATT/ATT homozygote."^[2]

Angiotensinogen

The diagram consists of spacefilling models of angiotensin I (left) and angiotensin II (right). Credit: Fvasconcellos.

This diagram describes the stages in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Credit: A. Rad.

Angiotensinogen is an α-2-globulin produced constitutively and released into the circulation mainly by the liver. It is a member of the serpin family, although it is not known to inhibit other enzymes, unlike most serpins. Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosteroid, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II levels.

Angiotensin I ([CAS registry number] CAS# 11128-99-7) is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide bond between the leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) residues on angiotensinogen, creating the ten-amino acid peptide (des-Asp) angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II (AII) through removal of two C-terminal residues by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, or kinase).

A1BG gene transcriptions

An AGCE1 occurs at 3'-ATC-5', in the nucleotides before the transcription start site for the transcription of A1BG, which ends 5 bp upstream from the TSS and is the only AGCE1 within -25 and -1 bp of the TSS. Usually, the AGCE1 spans -20 to -18 bp, when a TATA box is present.^[1]

However, for the transcription of A1BG, there is no TATA box and the core nucleotides 3'-GTG-5' do not occur on either side of 3'-ATC-5'.

Hypotheses

AGCE1 does not participate in the transcription of A1BG.

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.

Initial content for this page in some instances came from Wikiversity.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Noriyuki Sato; Tomohiro Katsuya; Hiromi Rakugi; Seiju Takami; Yukiko Nakata; Tetsuro Miki; Jitsuo Higaki; Toshio Ogihara (1997). "Association of Variants in Critical Core Promoter Element of Angiotensinogen Gene With Increased Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese". Hypertension. 30 (3 Pt 1): 321–5. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.30.3.321. PMID 9314411. Retrieved 2012-02-20. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kazuyuki Yanai, Tomoko Saito, Keiko Hirota, Hideyuki Kobayashi, Kazuo Murakami and Akiyoshi Fukamizu (1997). "Molecular Variation of the Human Angiotensinogen Core Promoter Element Located between the TATA Box and Transcription Initiation Site Affects Its Transcriptional Activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (48): 30558–62. PMID 9374551. Retrieved 2012-02-20. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ HGNC (February 7, 2013). AGT angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ]. 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2013-02-10.

External links

{{Phosphate biochemistry}}Template:Sisterlinks Template:Sisterlinks Template:Sisterlinks

[Sato-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Noriyuki Sato; Tomohiro Katsuya; Hiromi Rakugi; Seiju Takami; Yukiko Nakata; Tetsuro Miki; Jitsuo Higaki; Toshio Ogihara (1997). "Association of Variants in Critical Core Promoter Element of Angiotensinogen Gene With Increased Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese". Hypertension. 30 (3 Pt 1): 321–5. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.30.3.321. PMID 9314411. Retrieved 2012-02-20. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Yanai-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kazuyuki Yanai, Tomoko Saito, Keiko Hirota, Hideyuki Kobayashi, Kazuo Murakami and Akiyoshi Fukamizu (1997). "Molecular Variation of the Human Angiotensinogen Core Promoter Element Located between the TATA Box and Transcription Initiation Site Affects Its Transcriptional Activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (48): 30558–62. PMID 9374551. Retrieved 2012-02-20. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[HGNC183-3] HGNC (February 7, 2013). AGT angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ]. 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2013-02-10.

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gene transcriptions Hsf1p gene transcriptions HY box gene transcriptions Hybrid C, A boxes Hybrid C, G boxes Hybrid C, T boxes Hypoxia-inducible factor gene transcriptions Hypoxia response elements I box gene transcriptions Immunoglobulin like domain containing family Initiator element gene transcriptions Initiator-like element gene transcriptions Inositol/choline-responsive elements Interaction gene transcriptions Interferon regulatory factors Inverse copy gene transcriptions Jasmonic acid-responsive element gene transcriptions K-boxes Kozak sequence gene transcriptions Kruppel-associated box gene transcriptions Krüppel-like factor gene transcriptions L box gene transcriptions Leu3 gene transcriptions M35 box gene transcriptions MADS box gene transcriptions Maf recognition element gene transcriptions M box gene transcriptions Mcm1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions Met3 gene transcriptions Met31p box gene transcriptions Metal responsive element gene transcriptions Middle sporulation element gene transcriptions Mig1p gene transcriptions Model samplings Motif ten element gene transcriptions Msn2,4p gene transcriptions Musashi binding element gene transcriptions MYB recognition element gene transcriptions Myelocytomatosis transcription factor gene transcriptions Myocyte enhancer factor gene transcriptions N-boxes Nanos/Pumilio response element Ndt80p gene transcriptions Nuclear factor 1 Nuclear factor 𝜿B Nuclear factor gene transcriptions Nuclear factor of activated T cell gene transcriptions (NFAT) Nuclear factor Y gene transcriptions Nutrient-sensing response element gene transcriptions Oaf1p gene transcriptions ORE1 binding site gene transcriptions p53 response element gene transcriptions P63 DNA-binding site gene transcriptions P box gene transcriptions Pdr1,3p gene transcriptions Peroxisome proliferator hormone response element gene transcriptions Phosphate starvation-response transcription factor gene transcriptions Pollen1 element gene transcriptions Polycomb response element gene transcriptions Preinitiation complex Preinitiation complex gene transcriptions Pribnow box gene transcriptions Prolamin box gene transcriptions Promoter gene transcriptions Proximal promoter gene transcriptions Promoter occurrence gene transcriptions Pyrimidine box gene transcriptions Q element gene transcriptions Rap1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions Reb1 general regulatory factor gene transcriptions Retinoblastoma control element gene transcriptions Retinoic acid response element gene transcriptions Rgt1p gene transcriptions Rlm1p gene transcriptions RNA polymerase II gene transcriptions RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex Root specific element gene transcriptions ROR-response element gene transcriptions Rox1p gene transcriptions Rpn4p gene transcriptions R response element gene transcriptions SARE gene transcriptions Seed-specific element gene transcriptions Serum response element gene transcriptions Servenius sequence gene transcriptions Shoot specific element gene transcriptions Sip4p gene transcriptions Smp1p gene transcriptions Sp1 gene transcriptions Spaceflight gene expressions Specificity protein gene transcriptions STAT gene transcriptions Ste12p gene transcriptions Sterol response element gene transcriptions Sucrose box gene transcriptions Synaptic Activity-Responsive Elements TACTAAC box gene transcriptions TAGteam gene transcriptions Tapetum box gene transcriptions TATA binding protein associated factor gene transcriptions TATA binding protein gene transcriptions TATA box actin/cytoskeleton/contractile family TATA box albumin family TATA box aldolase family TATA box alkaline phosphatase family TATA box annexin family TATA box cytochrome superfamily TATA box gene transcriptions TATA box heat shock family TATA box histone family TATA box human genes TATA box keratin family TATA box lipase family TATA box peptidase family TATA box platelet-derived growth factor family TATA box selenium-binding family TATA box serine protease family TATA box serpin superfamily TATA box transforming growth factor superfamily TATA box trefoil family TATA box tumor necrosis factor superfamily TATA box zinc metalloenzyme family TAT box gene transcriptions TATC box gene transcriptions Tbf1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions T box gene transcriptions TCCACCATA element gene transcriptions TC element gene transcriptions TCT gene transcriptions TEA consensus sequence gene transcriptions Tec1p gene transcriptions Telomeric repeat DNA-binding factor gene transcriptions Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element gene transcriptions TGF-β control elements (TCEs) TGF-β inhibitory elements (TIEs) Thyroid hormone response element gene transcriptions Transcriptional regulation Transcription bubble gene transcriptions Transcription factor gene transcriptions Transcription factor 3 gene transcriptions Transcription factory gene transcriptions Transcription start site gene transcriptions Translational control sequence gene transcriptions Tryptophan residue U box gene transcriptions Unfolded protein response element gene transcriptions Upstream response element gene transcriptions Upstream stimulatory factor gene transcriptions UTR promoter gene transcriptions V and P box gene transcriptions V box gene transcriptions Vhr1p gene transcriptions Vitamin D response element gene transcriptions W box gene transcriptions X box gene transcriptions Xbp1p gene transcriptions X core promoter element gene transcriptions Xenobiotic response element gene transcriptions Xenobiotic responsive element gene transcriptions Yap1p,2p gene transcriptions Y box gene transcriptions YY1 gene transcriptions Zap1p gene transcriptions Z box gene transcriptions Zinc responsive element gene transcriptions