AGCE gene transcriptions: Difference between revisions
Created page with "{{AE}} Henry A. Hoff thumb|right|250px|This is a restored image of a group of Ainu men between 1863 and early 1870s. Credit: Felice Beato. '''Angio..." |
mNo edit summary |
||
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
{{main|Proof of concept}} | {{main|Proof of concept}} | ||
For the original research project focused on the transcription of A1BG, proof of concept may be simply that AGCE1 occurs in the [[core promoter]]. | For the original research project focused on the transcription of A1BG, proof of concept may be simply that AGCE1 occurs in the [[core promoter]]. | ||
==Consensus sequences== | ==Consensus sequences== | ||
Line 69: | Line 50: | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
== | ==A1BG gene transcriptions== | ||
{{main|A1BG gene transcriptions}} | {{main|A1BG gene transcriptions}} | ||
An AGCE1 occurs at 3'-ATC-5', in the nucleotides before the [[transcription start site]] for the transcription of A1BG, which ends 5 bp upstream from the TSS and is the only AGCE1 within -25 and -1 bp of the TSS. Usually, the AGCE1 spans -20 to -18 bp, when a [[TATA box]] is present.<ref name=Sato/> | An AGCE1 occurs at 3'-ATC-5', in the nucleotides before the [[transcription start site]] for the transcription of A1BG, which ends 5 bp upstream from the TSS and is the only AGCE1 within -25 and -1 bp of the TSS. Usually, the AGCE1 spans -20 to -18 bp, when a [[TATA box]] is present.<ref name=Sato/> | ||
Line 78: | Line 59: | ||
{{main|Hypotheses}} | {{main|Hypotheses}} | ||
# AGCE1 does not participate in the transcription of A1BG. | # AGCE1 does not participate in the transcription of A1BG. | ||
==Samplings== | |||
==Core promoters== | |||
{{main|Core promoter gene transcriptions}} | |||
The core promoter is the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate gene transcription. It contains a binding site for RNA polymerase (RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, or RNA polymerase III). Any specific gene’s core promoter is ultimately targeted by a vast network of regulatory factors that contribute to the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase. | |||
AGCE1 can occur upstream from -25 to -1 base pairs (bp)s of the transcription start site.<ref name=Sato>{{ cite journal | |||
|author=Noriyuki Sato; Tomohiro Katsuya; Hiromi Rakugi; Seiju Takami; Yukiko Nakata; Tetsuro Miki; Jitsuo Higaki; Toshio Ogihara | |||
|title=Association of Variants in Critical Core Promoter Element of Angiotensinogen Gene With Increased Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese | |||
|journal=Hypertension | |||
|date=September 1997 | |||
|volume=30 | |||
|issue=3 Pt 1 | |||
|pages=321-5 | |||
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9314411 | |||
|arxiv= | |||
|bibcode= | |||
|doi=10.1161/01.HYP.30.3.321 | |||
|pmid=9314411 | |||
|accessdate=2012-02-20 }}</ref> | |||
==Proximal promoters== | |||
{{main|Proximal promoter gene transcriptions}} | |||
==Distal promoters== | |||
{{main|Distal promoter gene transcriptions}} | |||
==Acknowledgements== | |||
The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff. | |||
Initial content for this page in some instances came from [http://www.wikiversity.org Wikiversity]. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} | {{div col|colwidth=20em}} | ||
* [[A1BG gene transcriptions]] | |||
* [[Biochemistry]] | * [[Biochemistry]] | ||
* [[Eukaryotic transcription]] | * [[Eukaryotic transcription]] | ||
* [[Molecular Biology]] | * [[Molecular Biology]] | ||
* [[Gene transcription start sites]] | * [[Gene transcription start sites]] | ||
{{Div col end}} | {{Div col end}} | ||
Line 132: | Line 145: | ||
<!-- footer templates --> | <!-- footer templates --> | ||
{{Gene project}}{{tlx|Phosphate biochemistry | {{Gene project}}{{tlx|Phosphate biochemistry}} | ||
<!-- categories --> | <!-- categories --> | ||
[[Category:Resources last modified in October 2020]] | |||
[[Category:Resources last modified in |
Revision as of 16:50, 7 October 2020
Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff
Angiotensinogen core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) is an example of a core promoter element that may occur in a DNA sequence for only one gene (the human angiotensinogen gene angiotensin).
Proof of concept
For the original research project focused on the transcription of A1BG, proof of concept may be simply that AGCE1 occurs in the core promoter.
Consensus sequences
The consensus sequence is 3'-A/C-T-C/T-5'.[1] By convention, this is 5'-MTY-3' on the mRNA, with T replaced by uracil (U).
The core nucleotides for AGCE1 include 3'-A/C-T-C/T-G-T-G-5', "located between the TATA box and transcription initiation site (positions −25 to −1) is an authentic regulator of human AG transcription."[2]
Human genes
"[T]he core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) of the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT) ... acts as a critical regulator of AGT transcription".[1] GeneID: 183 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ] has the official symbol AGT.[3]
Gene transcriptions
Within the variation allowed by the consensus sequence, it is likely that the transcriptional activities of an E-box-like motif of two juxtaposed AGCE1 elements have the following ratios: "CTC/CTC and ATC/ATC homozygotes or the CTC/ATC heterozygotes are 2.5 times higher than that of the ATT/ATT homozygote and that the CTC/ATT and ATC/ATT heterozygotes are 1.75 times higher than that of the ATT/ATT homozygote."[2]
Angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen is an α-2-globulin produced constitutively and released into the circulation mainly by the liver. It is a member of the serpin family, although it is not known to inhibit other enzymes, unlike most serpins. Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosteroid, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II levels.
Angiotensin I ([CAS registry number] CAS# 11128-99-7) is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide bond between the leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) residues on angiotensinogen, creating the ten-amino acid peptide (des-Asp) angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II (AII) through removal of two C-terminal residues by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, or kinase).
A1BG gene transcriptions
An AGCE1 occurs at 3'-ATC-5', in the nucleotides before the transcription start site for the transcription of A1BG, which ends 5 bp upstream from the TSS and is the only AGCE1 within -25 and -1 bp of the TSS. Usually, the AGCE1 spans -20 to -18 bp, when a TATA box is present.[1]
However, for the transcription of A1BG, there is no TATA box and the core nucleotides 3'-GTG-5' do not occur on either side of 3'-ATC-5'.
Hypotheses
- AGCE1 does not participate in the transcription of A1BG.
Samplings
Core promoters
The core promoter is the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate gene transcription. It contains a binding site for RNA polymerase (RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, or RNA polymerase III). Any specific gene’s core promoter is ultimately targeted by a vast network of regulatory factors that contribute to the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase.
AGCE1 can occur upstream from -25 to -1 base pairs (bp)s of the transcription start site.[1]
Proximal promoters
Distal promoters
Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.
Initial content for this page in some instances came from Wikiversity.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Noriyuki Sato; Tomohiro Katsuya; Hiromi Rakugi; Seiju Takami; Yukiko Nakata; Tetsuro Miki; Jitsuo Higaki; Toshio Ogihara (September 1997). "Association of Variants in Critical Core Promoter Element of Angiotensinogen Gene With Increased Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese". Hypertension. 30 (3 Pt 1): 321–5. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.30.3.321. PMID 9314411. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kazuyuki Yanai, Tomoko Saito, Keiko Hirota, Hideyuki Kobayashi, Kazuo Murakami and Akiyoshi Fukamizu (28 November 1997). "Molecular Variation of the Human Angiotensinogen Core Promoter Element Located between the TATA Box and Transcription Initiation Site Affects Its Transcriptional Activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (48): 30558–62. PMID 9374551. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ↑ HGNC (February 7, 2013). AGT angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) [ Homo sapiens ]. 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
Further reading
- Noriyuki Sato; Tomohiro Katsuya; Hiromi Rakugi; Seiju Takami; Yukiko Nakata; Tetsuro Miki; Jitsuo Higaki; Toshio Ogihara (September 1997). "Association of Variants in Critical Core Promoter Element of Angiotensinogen Gene With Increased Risk of Essential Hypertension in Japanese". Hypertension. 30 (3 Pt 1): 321–5. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.30.3.321. PMID 9314411. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
External links
- African Journals Online
- Bing Advanced search
- GenomeNet KEGG database
- Google Books
- Google scholar Advanced Scholar Search
- Home - Gene - NCBI
- JSTOR
- Lycos search
- NASA's National Space Science Data Center
- NCBI All Databases Search
- Office of Scientific & Technical Information
- PsycNET
- PubChem Public Chemical Database
- Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals
- SAGE journals online
- Scirus for scientific information only advanced search
- SpringerLink
- Taylor & Francis Online
- WikiDoc The Living Textbook of Medicine
- Wiley Online Library Advanced Search
- Yahoo Advanced Web Search