D box gene transcriptions

Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

File:RF00071.jpg

This example of a C/D box is a small nucleolar RNA 73 (snoRNA U73). Credit: Rfam database (RF00071).{{free media}}

For "box C/D snoRNAs, boxes C and D and an adjoining stem form a vital structure, known as the box C/D motif."^[1]

In snoRNA U73 on the right, from the right side, the D box is AGUCY. In 5' to 3' direction, the D box is YCUGA.

Degenerate nucleotides

For transcription, U (in RNA) is T, Y=(C or T) and R=(A or G).

Consensus sequences

File:U14 snoRNA.png

This U14 snoRNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows structure and genomic organization. Credit: Dmitry A.Samarsky, Maurille J.Fournier, Robert H.Singer and Edouard Bertrand.{{fairuse}}

Shown in the image on the right is the D box (3'-AGUCUG-5'). Substituting T for U yields D box = 3'-AGTCTG-5' in the transcription direction on the template strand.

"Members of the box C/D snoRNA family, which are the subject of the present report, possess characteristic sequence elements known as box C (UGAUGA) and box D (GUCUGA)."^[1]

Samplings

Regarding hypothesis 1

The D boxes are not involved in the transcription of A1BG.

For the Basic programs (starting with SuccessablesDbox.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:

negative strand in the negative direction (from ZSCAN22 to A1BG) is SuccessablesDbox--.bas, looking for 3'-AGTCTG-5', 1, 3'-AGTCTG-5', 2947,
negative strand in the positive direction (from ZNF497 to A1BG) is SuccessablesDbox-+.bas, looking for 3'-AGTCTG-5', 1, 3'-AGTCTG-5', 3923,
positive strand in the negative direction is SuccessablesDbox+-.bas, looking for 3'-AGTCTG-5', 1, 3'-AGTCTG-5', 1355,
positive strand in the positive direction is SuccessablesDbox++.bas, looking for 3'-AGTCTG-5', 0,
complement, negative strand, negative direction is SuccessablesDboxc--.bas, looking for 3'-TCAGAC-5', 1, 3'-TCAGAC-5', 1355,
complement, negative strand, positive direction is SuccessablesDboxc-+.bas, looking for 3'-TCAGAC-5', 0,
complement, positive strand, negative direction is SuccessablesDboxc+-.bas, looking for 3'-TCAGAC-5', 1, 3'-TCAGAC-5', 2947,
complement, positive strand, positive direction is SuccessablesDboxc++.bas, looking for 3'-TCAGAC-5', 1, 3'-TCAGAC-5', 3923,
inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction is SuccessablesDboxci--.bas, looking for 3'-CAGACT-5', 0,
inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction is SuccessablesDboxci-+.bas, looking for 3'-CAGACT-5', 2, 3'-CAGACT-5', 1744, 3'-CAGACT-5', 2416,
inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction is SuccessablesDboxci+-.bas, looking for 3'-CAGACT-5', 2, 3'-CAGACT-5', 15, 3'-CAGACT-5', 1616,
inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction is SuccessablesDboxci++.bas, looking for 3'-CAGACT-5', 3, 3'-CAGACT-5', 2943, 3'-CAGACT-5', 3006, 3'-CAGACT-5', 3924,
inverse, negative strand, negative direction, is SuccessablesDboxi--.bas, looking for 3'-GTCTGA-5', 2, 3'-GTCTGA-5', 15, 3'-GTCTGA-5', 1616,
inverse, negative strand, positive direction, is SuccessablesDboxi-+.bas, looking for 3'-GTCTGA-5', 3, 3'-GTCTGA-5', 2943, 3'-GTCTGA-5', 3006, 3'-GTCTGA-5', 3924,
inverse, positive strand, negative direction, is SuccessablesDboxi+-.bas, looking for 3'-GTCTGA-5', 0,
inverse, positive strand, positive direction, is SuccessablesDboxi++.bas, looking for 3'-GTCTGA-5', 2, 3'-GTCTGA-5', 1744, 3'-GTCTGA-5', 2416.

Distal promoter D boxes

Using an estimate of 2 knts, a distal promoter to A1BG would be expected after nucleotide number 2460 in the negative direction.

There is one D box in the distal promoter: 3'-AGTCTG-5' at 2947 on the negative strand in the negative direction and its complement on the positive strand.

Using an estimate of 2 knts, a distal promoter to A1BG would be expected after nucleotide number 2300 in the positive direction.

There is one D box in the distal promoter: 3'-AGTCTG-5' at 3923 on the negative strand in the positive direction and its complement on the positive strand.

D boxes

The human ribosomal protein L11 gene (HRPL11) has [...] two potential snRNA-coding sequences in intron 4: [...] a D box beginning at +4237 (TCCTG), [...].^[2]

TCTCACATT(A/C)AATAAGTCA is a D-box.^[3]

There is another promoter D box, or D-box: "Located in the region [...] is a single D-box element (5′-GTTGTATAAC-3′) with a distinct sequence from that of the functional D-box identified in the per2 promoter (5′-CTTATGTAAA-3′) [21]."^[4]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Dmitry A.Samarsky, Maurille J.Fournier, Robert H.Singer and Edouard Bertrand (1 July 1998). "The snoRNA box C/D motif directs nucleolar targeting and also couples snoRNA synthesis and localization" (PDF). The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Journal. 17 (13): 3747–3757. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.13.3747. PMID 9649444. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
↑ E. N. Voronina, T. D. Kolokol’tsova, E. A. Nechaeva, and M. L. Filipenko (2003). "Structural–Functional Analysis of the Human Gene for Ribosomal Protein L11" (PDF). Molecular Biology. 37 (3): 362–371. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
↑ PA Johnson, D Bunick, NB Hecht (1991). "Protein Binding Regions in the Mouse and Rat Protamine-2 Genes" (PDF). Biology of Reproduction. 44 (1): 127–134. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
↑ Philipp Mracek, Cristina Santoriello, M. Laura Idda, Cristina Pagano, Zohar Ben-Moshe, Yoav Gothilf, Daniela Vallone, Nicholas S. Foulkes (December 6, 2012). "Regulation of per and cry Genes Reveals a Central Role for the D-Box Enhancer in Light-Dependent Gene Expression". PLoS ONE. 7 (12): e51278. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051278. Retrieved 10 February 2019.

External links

Template:Sisterlinks

[Samarsky-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Dmitry A.Samarsky, Maurille J.Fournier, Robert H.Singer and Edouard Bertrand (1 July 1998). "The snoRNA box C/D motif directs nucleolar targeting and also couples snoRNA synthesis and localization" (PDF). The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Journal. 17 (13): 3747–3757. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.13.3747. PMID 9649444. Retrieved 2017-02-04.

[Voronina-2] E. N. Voronina, T. D. Kolokol’tsova, E. A. Nechaeva, and M. L. Filipenko (2003). "Structural–Functional Analysis of the Human Gene for Ribosomal Protein L11" (PDF). Molecular Biology. 37 (3): 362–371. Retrieved 11 April 2019.

[Johnson-3] PA Johnson, D Bunick, NB Hecht (1991). "Protein Binding Regions in the Mouse and Rat Protamine-2 Genes" (PDF). Biology of Reproduction. 44 (1): 127–134. Retrieved 6 April 2019.

[Mracek-4] Philipp Mracek, Cristina Santoriello, M. Laura Idda, Cristina Pagano, Zohar Ben-Moshe, Yoav Gothilf, Daniela Vallone, Nicholas S. Foulkes (December 6, 2012). "Regulation of per and cry Genes Reveals a Central Role for the D-Box Enhancer in Light-Dependent Gene Expression". PLoS ONE. 7 (12): e51278. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051278. Retrieved 10 February 2019.

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expressions General factor II D gene transcriptions General regulatory factors General transcription factor II A gene transcriptions General transcription factor II B gene transcriptions General transcription factor II D gene transcriptions General transcription factor II F gene transcriptions General transcription factor II H gene transcriptions General transcription factor gene transcriptions Gene transcriptions GGC triplet gene transcriptions Gibberellin responsive element gene transcriptions GLM box gene transcriptions Glucocorticoid response element gene transcriptions Grainy head gene transcriptions Grainy head transcription factor gene transcriptions Growth hormone response element gene transcriptions GT boxes Hac1p gene transcriptions Hair color gene expressions H and ACA box gene transcriptions H box gene transcriptions Heat-responsive element gene transcriptions Heat shock elements Hex sequence gene transcriptions HMG box gene transcriptions HNF gene transcriptions Homeobox gene transcriptions Hsf1p gene transcriptions HY box gene transcriptions Hybrid C, A boxes Hybrid C, G boxes Hybrid C, T boxes Hypoxia-inducible factor gene transcriptions Hypoxia response elements I box gene transcriptions Immunoglobulin like domain containing family Initiator element gene transcriptions Initiator-like element gene transcriptions Inositol/choline-responsive elements Interaction gene transcriptions Interferon regulatory factors Inverse copy gene transcriptions Jasmonic acid-responsive element gene transcriptions K-boxes Kozak sequence gene transcriptions Kruppel-associated box gene transcriptions Krüppel-like factor gene transcriptions L box gene transcriptions Leu3 gene transcriptions M35 box gene transcriptions MADS box gene transcriptions Maf recognition element gene transcriptions M box gene transcriptions Mcm1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions Met3 gene transcriptions Met31p box gene transcriptions Metal responsive element gene transcriptions Middle sporulation element gene transcriptions Mig1p gene transcriptions Model samplings Motif ten element gene transcriptions Msn2,4p gene transcriptions Musashi binding element gene transcriptions MYB recognition element gene transcriptions Myelocytomatosis transcription factor gene transcriptions Myocyte enhancer factor gene transcriptions N-boxes Nanos/Pumilio response element Ndt80p gene transcriptions Nuclear factor 1 Nuclear factor 𝜿B Nuclear factor gene transcriptions Nuclear factor of activated T cell gene transcriptions (NFAT) Nuclear factor Y gene transcriptions Nutrient-sensing response element gene transcriptions Oaf1p gene transcriptions ORE1 binding site gene transcriptions p53 response element gene transcriptions P63 DNA-binding site gene transcriptions P box gene transcriptions Pdr1,3p gene transcriptions Peroxisome proliferator hormone response element gene transcriptions Phosphate starvation-response transcription factor gene transcriptions Pollen1 element gene transcriptions Polycomb response element gene transcriptions Preinitiation complex Preinitiation complex gene transcriptions Pribnow box gene transcriptions Prolamin box gene transcriptions Promoter gene transcriptions Proximal promoter gene transcriptions Promoter occurrence gene transcriptions Pyrimidine box gene transcriptions Q element gene transcriptions Rap1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions Reb1 general regulatory factor gene transcriptions Retinoblastoma control element gene transcriptions Retinoic acid response element gene transcriptions Rgt1p gene transcriptions Rlm1p gene transcriptions RNA polymerase II gene transcriptions RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex Root specific element gene transcriptions ROR-response element gene transcriptions Rox1p gene transcriptions Rpn4p gene transcriptions R response element gene transcriptions SARE gene transcriptions Seed-specific element gene transcriptions Serum response element gene transcriptions Servenius sequence gene transcriptions Shoot specific element gene transcriptions Sip4p gene transcriptions Smp1p gene transcriptions Sp1 gene transcriptions Spaceflight gene expressions Specificity protein gene transcriptions STAT gene transcriptions Ste12p gene transcriptions Sterol response element gene transcriptions Sucrose box gene transcriptions Synaptic Activity-Responsive Elements TACTAAC box gene transcriptions TAGteam gene transcriptions Tapetum box gene transcriptions TATA binding protein associated factor gene transcriptions TATA binding protein gene transcriptions TATA box actin/cytoskeleton/contractile family TATA box albumin family TATA box aldolase family TATA box alkaline phosphatase family TATA box annexin family TATA box cytochrome superfamily TATA box gene transcriptions TATA box heat shock family TATA box histone family TATA box human genes TATA box keratin family TATA box lipase family TATA box peptidase family TATA box platelet-derived growth factor family TATA box selenium-binding family TATA box serine protease family TATA box serpin superfamily TATA box transforming growth factor superfamily TATA box trefoil family TATA box tumor necrosis factor superfamily TATA box zinc metalloenzyme family TAT box gene transcriptions TATC box gene transcriptions Tbf1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions T box gene transcriptions TCCACCATA element gene transcriptions TC element gene transcriptions TCT gene transcriptions TEA consensus sequence gene transcriptions Tec1p gene transcriptions Telomeric repeat DNA-binding factor gene transcriptions Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element gene transcriptions TGF-β control elements (TCEs) TGF-β inhibitory elements (TIEs) Thyroid hormone response element gene transcriptions Transcriptional regulation Transcription bubble gene transcriptions Transcription factor gene transcriptions Transcription factor 3 gene transcriptions Transcription factory gene transcriptions Transcription start site gene transcriptions Translational control sequence gene transcriptions Tryptophan residue U box gene transcriptions Unfolded protein response element gene transcriptions Upstream response element gene transcriptions Upstream stimulatory factor gene transcriptions UTR promoter gene transcriptions V and P box gene transcriptions V box gene transcriptions Vhr1p gene transcriptions Vitamin D response element gene transcriptions W box gene transcriptions X box gene transcriptions Xbp1p gene transcriptions X core promoter element gene transcriptions Xenobiotic response element gene transcriptions Xenobiotic responsive element gene transcriptions Yap1p,2p gene transcriptions Y box gene transcriptions YY1 gene transcriptions Zap1p gene transcriptions Z box gene transcriptions Zinc responsive element gene transcriptions