Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family

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Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, or immunoglobulin supergene family.

Cell adhesion molecule genes

Gene ID: 214 is ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule on 3q13.11: "This gene encodes activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), which is a member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin receptors with five immunoglobulin-like domains (VVC2C2C2) in the extracellular domain. This protein binds to T-cell differentiation antigene CD6, and is implicated in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found."[1]

  1. NP_001230209.1 CD166 antigen isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame exon in the 3' CDS, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) lacks an internal segment in the C-terminal region, compared to isoform 1."[1]
  2. NP_001230210.1 CD166 antigen isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has a shorter and different 3' sequence, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) is truncated at the C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[1]
  3. NP_001230212.1 CD166 antigen isoform 4 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks multiple 3' exons, and has an alternate 3' sequence, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) is the shortest; it is truncated at the C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[1]
  4. NP_001618.2 CD166 antigen isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1)."[1]

Gene ID: 634 is CEACAM1 CEA cell adhesion molecule 1 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two subgroups of the CEA family, the CEA cell adhesion molecules and the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins, are located within a 1.2 Mb cluster on the long arm of chromosome 19. Eleven pseudogenes of the CEA cell adhesion molecule subgroup are also found in the cluster. The encoded protein was originally described in bile ducts of liver as biliary glycoprotein. Subsequently, it was found to be a cell-cell adhesion molecule detected on leukocytes, epithelia, and endothelia. The encoded protein mediates cell adhesion via homophilic as well as heterophilic binding to other proteins of the subgroup. Multiple cellular activities have been attributed to the encoded protein, including roles in the differentiation and arrangement of tissue three-dimensional structure, angiogenesis, apoptosis, tumor suppression, metastasis, and the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the full-length nature of all variants has not been defined."[2]

  1. NP_001020083.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the 3' coding region that results in a frameshift and an early stop codon, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1. This variant has been referred to by multiple names, including BGPc, transmembrane carcinoembryonic antigen 3, TM3-CEA, and CEACAM1-4S."[2]
  2. NP_001171742.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 4 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate, in-frame, exon, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 3) is shorter when it was compared to isoform 1."[2]
  3. NP_001171744.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has one and lacks a different alternate, in-frame, segment, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 3) is shorter when it was compared to isoform 1. This variant has been referred to as 'alternative spliced isoform 3S' and 'short form 3'."[2]
  4. NP_001171745.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 5 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks two coding region segments, one of which shifts the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 5) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus when it is compared to isoform 1."[2]
  5. NP_001192273.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 6 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks a segment, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 6) has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[2]
  6. NP_001703.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest protein (isoform 1). This variant has been referred to by multiple names, including transmembrane carcinoembryonic antigen BGPa, TM1-CEA, and CEACAM1-4L."[2]

Gene ID: 1048 is CEACAM5 CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that represents the founding member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family of proteins. The encoded protein is used as a clinical biomarker for gastrointestinal cancers and may promote tumor development through its role as a cell adhesion molecule. Additionally, the encoded protein may regulate differentiation, apoptosis, and cell polarity. This gene is present in a CEA family gene cluster on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants."[3]

  1. NP_001278413.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 isoform 1 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode isoform 1."[3]
  2. NP_001295327.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 isoform 2 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site at an internal exon and differs in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which is shorter than isoform 1."[3]
  3. NP_004354.3 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 isoform 1 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1). Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform."[3]

Gene ID: 1084 is CEACAM3 CEA cell adhesion molecule 3 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a member of the family of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs), which are used by several bacterial pathogens to bind and invade host cells. The encoded transmembrane protein directs phagocytosis of several bacterial species that is dependent on the small GTPase Rac. It is thought to serve an important role in controlling human-specific pathogens by the innate immune system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described."[4]

  1. NP_001264092.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate coding exon and has an alternate splice site in the 3' region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[4]
  2. NP_001806.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1)."[4]

Gene ID: 1087 is CEACAM7 CEA cell adhesion molecule 7 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein and member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family of proteins. Expression of this gene may be downregulated in colon and rectal cancer. Additionally, lower expression levels of this gene may be predictive of rectal cancer recurrence. This gene is present in a CEA family gene cluster on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants."[5]

  1. NP_001278414.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[5]
  2. NP_008821.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[5]

Gene ID: 1088 is CEACAM8 CEA cell adhesion molecule 8 on 19q13.2.[6]

Gene ID: 1089 is CEACAM4 CEA cell adhesion molecule 4 on 19q13.2.[7]

  1. NP_001349421.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 isoform 2 precursor.[7]
  2. NP_001349422.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 isoform 3.[7]
  3. NP_001349424.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 isoform 4 precursor.[7]
  4. NP_001808.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 isoform 1 precursor.[7]

Gene ID: 1826 is DSCAM DS cell adhesion molecule on 21q22.2: "This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (Ig-CAMs), and is involved in human central and peripheral nervous system development. This gene is a candidate for Down syndrome and congenital heart disease (DSCHD). A gene encoding a similar Ig-CAM protein is located on chromosome 11. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene."[8]

  1. NP_001258463.1 Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule isoform 2: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform CHD2-42."[8]
  2. NP_001380.2 Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule isoform CHD2-42 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (CHD2-42)."[8]

Gene ID: 3897 is L1CAM L1 cell adhesion molecule on Xq28: "The protein encoded by this gene is an axonal glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin supergene family. The ectodomain, consisting of several immunoglobulin-like domains and fibronectin-like repeats (type III), is linked via a single transmembrane sequence to a conserved cytoplasmic domain. This cell adhesion molecule plays an important role in nervous system development, including neuronal migration and differentiation. Mutations in the gene cause X-linked neurological syndromes known as CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, aphasia, spastic paraplegia and hydrocephalus). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants, some of which include an alternate exon that is considered to be specific to neurons."[9]

  1. NP_000416.1 neural cell adhesion molecule L1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1, also known as FL-L1CAM) differs in the 5' UTR and represents use of an alternate promoter, compared to variant 4. Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform (1)."[9]
  2. NP_001137435.1 neural cell adhesion molecule L1 isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3, also known as SV-L1CAM) lacks two alternate in-frame exons, one in the 5' coding region and the other (neuron-specific exon) in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (3) is shorter, and lacks an internal segment in the N-terminus and is missing a tyrosine-based sorting motif in the C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[9]
  3. NP_001265045.1 neural cell adhesion molecule L1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) represents the longest transcript and its 5' UTR structure is inferred based on experimental data in PMID 20799950. Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform (1)."[9]
  4. NP_076493.1 neural cell adhesion molecule L1 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame neuron-specific exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter and lacks an internal segment containing a tyrosine-based sorting motif, compared to isoform 1."[9]

Gene ID: 4059 is BCAM basal cell adhesion molecule (Lutheran blood group) on 19q13.32: "This gene encodes Lutheran blood group glycoprotein, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a receptor for the extracellular matrix protein, laminin. The protein contains five extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. This protein may play a role in epithelial cell cancer and in vaso-occlusion of red blood cells in sickle cell disease. Polymorphisms in this gene define some of the antigens in the Lutheran system and also the Auberger system. Inactivating variants of this gene result in the recessive Lutheran null phenotype, Lu(a-b-), of the Lutheran blood group. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene."[10]

  1. NP_001013275.1 basal cell adhesion molecule isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) includes an additional segment in its 3' coding region, which results in an early stop codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter at the C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. The full-length nature of this variant is supported by data in PMIDs 8781446 and 9192786."[10]
  2. NP_005572.2 basal cell adhesion molecule isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shorter transcript but encodes the longer isoform (1)."[10]

Gene ID: 4162 is MCAM melanoma cell adhesion molecule on 11q23.3.[11]

  1. NP_006491.2 cell surface glycoprotein MUC18 precursor.[11]

Gene ID: 4680 is CEACAM6 CEA cell adhesion molecule 6 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family whose members are glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchored cell surface glycoproteins. Members of this family play a role in cell adhesion and are widely used as tumor markers in serum immunoassay determinations of carcinoma. This gene affects the sensitivity of tumor cells to adenovirus infection. The protein encoded by this gene acts as a receptor for adherent-invasive E. coli adhesion to the surface of ileal epithelial cells in patients with Crohn's disease. This gene is clustered with genes and pseudogenes of the cell adhesion molecules subgroup of the CEA family on chromosome 19."[12]

Gene ID: 4684 is NCAM1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 on 11q23.2: "This gene encodes a cell adhesion protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is involved in cell-to-cell interactions as well as cell-matrix interactions during development and differentiation. The encoded protein has been shown to be involved in development of the nervous system, and for cells involved in the expansion of T cells and dendritic cells which play an important role in immune surveillance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants."[13]

  1. NP_000606.3 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region compared to variant 5. The resulting protein (isoform 1) is shorter compared to isoform 5."[13]
  2. NP_001070150.1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has multiple differences in the coding region and uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region compared to variant 5. The resulting protein (isoform 3) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 5."[13]
  3. NP_001229536.1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 5 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest protein (isoform 5)."[13]
  4. NP_001229537.1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 4 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks 2 alternate in-frame exons and uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region compared to variant 5. The resulting protein (isoform 4) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 5."[13]
  5. NP_851996.2 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region compared to variant 5. The resulting protein (isoform 2) is shorter compared to isoform 5."[13]

Gene ID: 56971 is CEACAM19 CEA cell adhesion molecule 19 on 19q13.31.[14]

  1. NP_001121365.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 19 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the shorter protein (isoform 1)."[14]
  2. NP_064604.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 19 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 2) is longer and has the same N- and C-termini compared to isoform 1."[14]

Gene ID: 90273 is CEACAM21 CEA cell adhesion molecule 21 on 19q13.2.[15]

  1. NP_001091976.3 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1)."[15]
  2. NP_001275702.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 isoform 3: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains multiple differences in the 5' UTR and 5' coding region, compared to variant 1, and initiates translation at an alternate start codon. The resulting isoform (3) is shorter and has a different N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[15]
  3. NP_001277042.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 isoform 4: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses two alternate splice sites in the 5' region, and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is shorter and has a different N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[15]
  4. NP_291021.4 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 1."[15]

Gene ID: 125931 is CEACAM20 CEA cell adhesion molecule 20 on 19q13.31.[16]

  1. NP_001096067.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 isoform 5L precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5L) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (5L)."[16]
  2. NP_001096068.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 isoform 4S precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4S) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in both the central and 3' coding regions, compared to variant 5L, resulting in an isoform (4S) that is shorter than isoform 5L."[16]
  3. NP_001096069.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 isoform 4L precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4L) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 5L, resulting in an isoform (4L) that is shorter than isoform 5L."[16]
  4. NP_001096070.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 isoform 5S precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5S) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 5L, resulting in an isoform (5S) that is shorter than isoform 5L."[16]

Gene ID: 199731 is CADM4 cell adhesion molecule 4 on 19q13.31.[17]

  1. NP_660339.1 cell adhesion molecule 4 precursor.[17]

Gene ID: 388551 is CEACAM16 CEA cell adhesion molecule 16, tectorial membrane component on 19q13.31-q13.32: "The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted glycoprotein that in mouse interacts with tectorial membrane proteins in the inner ear. The encoded adhesion protein is found in cochlear outer hair cells and appears to be important for proper hearing over an extended frequency range. Defects in this gene likely are a cause of non-syndromic autosomal dominant hearing loss."[18]

  1. NP_001034302.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 16 precursor.[18]

Gene ID: 729767 is CEACAM18 CEA cell adhesion molecule 18 on 19q13.41.[19]

  1. NP_001265321.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 18 precursor.[19]

Major histocompatibility complex genes

Main article: Major histocompatibility complex

Class I

Main article: MHC class I
Main article: Major histocompatibility complex class I gene family

Class II

Main article: MHC class II

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 RefSeq (August 2011). "ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 RefSeq (May 2010). "CEACAM1 CEA cell adhesion molecule 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". U.S. National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 RefSeq (July 2015). "CEACAM5 CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 RefSeq (March 2013). "CEACAM3 CEA cell adhesion molecule 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 RefSeq (July 2015). "CEACAM7 CEA cell adhesion molecule 7 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  6. ↑ RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM8 CEA cell adhesion molecule 8 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM4 CEA cell adhesion molecule 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 RefSeq (October 2012). "DSCAM DS cell adhesion molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 RefSeq (May 2013). "L1CAM L1 cell adhesion molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 RefSeq (May 2012). "BCAM basal cell adhesion molecule (Lutheran blood group) [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "MCAM melanoma cell adhesion molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  12. ↑ RefSeq (April 2014). "CEACAM6 CEA cell adhesion molecule 6 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 RefSeq (June 2011). "NCAM1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM19 CEA cell adhesion molecule 19 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM21 CEA cell adhesion molecule 21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM20 CEA cell adhesion molecule 20 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CADM4 cell adhesion molecule 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 RefSeq (May 2012). "CEACAM16 CEA cell adhesion molecule 16, tectorial membrane component [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM18 CEA cell adhesion molecule 18 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

External links

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