Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family

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Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, or immunoglobulin supergene family.

Cell adhesion molecule genes

Gene ID: 634 is CEACAM1 CEA cell adhesion molecule 1 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two subgroups of the CEA family, the CEA cell adhesion molecules and the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins, are located within a 1.2 Mb cluster on the long arm of chromosome 19. Eleven pseudogenes of the CEA cell adhesion molecule subgroup are also found in the cluster. The encoded protein was originally described in bile ducts of liver as biliary glycoprotein. Subsequently, it was found to be a cell-cell adhesion molecule detected on leukocytes, epithelia, and endothelia. The encoded protein mediates cell adhesion via homophilic as well as heterophilic binding to other proteins of the subgroup. Multiple cellular activities have been attributed to the encoded protein, including roles in the differentiation and arrangement of tissue three-dimensional structure, angiogenesis, apoptosis, tumor suppression, metastasis, and the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the full-length nature of all variants has not been defined."[1]

  1. NP_001020083.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the 3' coding region that results in a frameshift and an early stop codon, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1. This variant has been referred to by multiple names, including BGPc, transmembrane carcinoembryonic antigen 3, TM3-CEA, and CEACAM1-4S."[1]
  2. NP_001171742.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 4 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate, in-frame, exon, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 3) is shorter when it was compared to isoform 1."[1]
  3. NP_001171744.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has one and lacks a different alternate, in-frame, segment, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 3) is shorter when it was compared to isoform 1. This variant has been referred to as 'alternative spliced isoform 3S' and 'short form 3'."[1]
  4. NP_001171745.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 5 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks two coding region segments, one of which shifts the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 5) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus when it is compared to isoform 1."[1]
  5. NP_001192273.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 6 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks a segment, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 6) has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[1]
  6. NP_001703.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest protein (isoform 1). This variant has been referred to by multiple names, including transmembrane carcinoembryonic antigen BGPa, TM1-CEA, and CEACAM1-4L."[1]

Gene ID: 1048 is CEACAM5 CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that represents the founding member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family of proteins. The encoded protein is used as a clinical biomarker for gastrointestinal cancers and may promote tumor development through its role as a cell adhesion molecule. Additionally, the encoded protein may regulate differentiation, apoptosis, and cell polarity. This gene is present in a CEA family gene cluster on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants."[2]

  1. NP_001278413.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 isoform 1 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode isoform 1."[2]
  2. NP_001295327.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 isoform 2 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site at an internal exon and differs in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which is shorter than isoform 1."[2]
  3. NP_004354.3 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 isoform 1 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1). Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform."[2]

Gene ID: 1084 is CEACAM3 CEA cell adhesion molecule 3 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a member of the family of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs), which are used by several bacterial pathogens to bind and invade host cells. The encoded transmembrane protein directs phagocytosis of several bacterial species that is dependent on the small GTPase Rac. It is thought to serve an important role in controlling human-specific pathogens by the innate immune system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described."[3]

  1. NP_001264092.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate coding exon and has an alternate splice site in the 3' region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[3]
  2. NP_001806.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1)."[3]

Gene ID: 1087 is CEACAM7 CEA cell adhesion molecule 7 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein and member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family of proteins. Expression of this gene may be downregulated in colon and rectal cancer. Additionally, lower expression levels of this gene may be predictive of rectal cancer recurrence. This gene is present in a CEA family gene cluster on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants."[4]

  1. NP_001278414.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[4]
  2. NP_008821.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 preproprotein: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[4]

Gene ID: 1088 is CEACAM8 CEA cell adhesion molecule 8 on 19q13.2.[5]

Gene ID: 1089 is CEACAM4 CEA cell adhesion molecule 4 on 19q13.2.[6]

  1. NP_001349421.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 isoform 2 precursor.[6]
  2. NP_001349422.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 isoform 3.[6]
  3. NP_001349424.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 isoform 4 precursor.[6]
  4. NP_001808.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 isoform 1 precursor.[6]

Gene ID: 4680 is CEACAM6 CEA cell adhesion molecule 6 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family whose members are glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchored cell surface glycoproteins. Members of this family play a role in cell adhesion and are widely used as tumor markers in serum immunoassay determinations of carcinoma. This gene affects the sensitivity of tumor cells to adenovirus infection. The protein encoded by this gene acts as a receptor for adherent-invasive E. coli adhesion to the surface of ileal epithelial cells in patients with Crohn's disease. This gene is clustered with genes and pseudogenes of the cell adhesion molecules subgroup of the CEA family on chromosome 19."[7]

Gene ID: 56971 is CEACAM19 CEA cell adhesion molecule 19 on 19q13.31.[8]

  1. NP_001121365.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 19 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the shorter protein (isoform 1)."[8]
  2. NP_064604.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 19 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 2) is longer and has the same N- and C-termini compared to isoform 1."[8]

Gene ID: 90273 is CEACAM21 CEA cell adhesion molecule 21 on 19q13.2.[9]

  1. NP_001091976.3 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1)."[9]
  2. NP_001275702.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 isoform 3: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains multiple differences in the 5' UTR and 5' coding region, compared to variant 1, and initiates translation at an alternate start codon. The resulting isoform (3) is shorter and has a different N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[9]
  3. NP_001277042.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 isoform 4: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses two alternate splice sites in the 5' region, and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is shorter and has a different N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[9]
  4. NP_291021.4 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 21 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 1."[9]

Gene ID: 125931 is CEACAM20 CEA cell adhesion molecule 20 on 19q13.31.[10]

  1. NP_001096067.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 isoform 5L precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5L) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (5L)."[10]
  2. NP_001096068.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 isoform 4S precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4S) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in both the central and 3' coding regions, compared to variant 5L, resulting in an isoform (4S) that is shorter than isoform 5L."[10]
  3. NP_001096069.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 isoform 4L precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4L) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 5L, resulting in an isoform (4L) that is shorter than isoform 5L."[10]
  4. NP_001096070.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 20 isoform 5S precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5S) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 5L, resulting in an isoform (5S) that is shorter than isoform 5L."[10]

Major histocompatibility complex genes

Main article: Major histocompatibility complex

Class I

Main article: MHC class I
Main article: Major histocompatibility complex class I gene family

Class II

Main article: MHC class II

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 RefSeq (May 2010). "CEACAM1 CEA cell adhesion molecule 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". U.S. National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 RefSeq (July 2015). "CEACAM5 CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 RefSeq (March 2013). "CEACAM3 CEA cell adhesion molecule 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 RefSeq (July 2015). "CEACAM7 CEA cell adhesion molecule 7 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  5. ↑ RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM8 CEA cell adhesion molecule 8 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM4 CEA cell adhesion molecule 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  7. ↑ RefSeq (April 2014). "CEACAM6 CEA cell adhesion molecule 6 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM19 CEA cell adhesion molecule 19 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM21 CEA cell adhesion molecule 21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CEACAM20 CEA cell adhesion molecule 20 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

External links

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