The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), also known as RTR (retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor) or NR6A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR6A1gene.[1][2] GCNF is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellulartranscription factors .
Its expression pattern suggests that it may be involved in neurogenesis and germ cell development. The protein can homodimerize and bind DNA, but in vivo targets have not been identified. The gene expresses three alternatively spliced transcript variants.[4]
References
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↑Süsens U, Borgmeyer U (Dec 1996). "Characterization of the human germ cell nuclear factor gene". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1309 (3): 179–82. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(96)00157-1. PMID8982251.
↑Zechel C (Dec 2005). "The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF)". Molecular Reproduction and Development. 72 (4): 550–6. doi:10.1002/mrd.20377. PMID16155958.
Greschik H, Schüle R (1999). "Germ cell nuclear factor: an orphan receptor with unexpected properties". Journal of Molecular Medicine. 76 (12): 800–10. doi:10.1007/s001090050284. PMID9846950.
Hirose T, O'Brien DA, Jetten AM (Jan 1995). "RTR: a new member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is highly expressed in murine testis". Gene. 152 (2): 247–51. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)00656-D. PMID7835709.
Yan ZH, Medvedev A, Hirose T, Gotoh H, Jetten AM (Apr 1997). "Characterization of the response element and DNA binding properties of the nuclear orphan receptor germ cell nuclear factor/retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (16): 10565–72. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.16.10565. PMID9099702.
Kapelle M, Krätzschmar J, Husemann M, Schleuning WD (May 1997). "cDNA cloning of two closely related forms of human germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF)". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1352 (1): 13–7. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00043-2. PMID9177477.
Agoulnik IY, Cho Y, Niederberger C, Kieback DG, Cooney AJ (Mar 1998). "Cloning, expression analysis and chromosomal localization of the human nuclear receptor gene GCNF". FEBS Letters. 424 (1–2): 73–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00142-2. PMID9537518.
Schmitz TP, Süsens U, Borgmeyer U (Sep 1999). "DNA binding, protein interaction and differential expression of the human germ cell nuclear factor". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1446 (3): 173–80. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00079-2. PMID10524192.
Yan Z, Jetten AM (Nov 2000). "Characterization of the repressor function of the nuclear orphan receptor retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor/germ cell nuclear factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (45): 35077–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005566200. PMID10940306.
Mehta DV, Kim YS, Dixon D, Jetten AM (Apr 2002). "Characterization of the expression of the retinoid-related, testis-associated receptor (RTR) in trophoblasts". Placenta. 23 (4): 281–7. doi:10.1053/plac.2001.0779. PMID11969338.
Yan Z, Kim YS, Jetten AM (Aug 2002). "RAP80, a novel nuclear protein that interacts with the retinoid-related testis-associated receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (35): 32379–88. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203475200. PMID12080054.
Lan ZJ, Chung AC, Xu X, DeMayo FJ, Cooney AJ (Dec 2002). "The embryonic function of germ cell nuclear factor is dependent on the DNA binding domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (52): 50660–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209586200. PMID12381721.
Yang G, Zhang YL, Buchold GM, Jetten AM, O'Brien DA (May 2003). "Analysis of germ cell nuclear factor transcripts and protein expression during spermatogenesis". Biology of Reproduction. 68 (5): 1620–30. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.012013. PMID12606326.
Rajkovic M, Middendorff R, Wetzel MG, Frkovic D, Damerow S, Seitz HJ, Weitzel JM (Dec 2004). "Germ cell nuclear factor relieves cAMP-response element modulator tau-mediated activation of the testis-specific promoter of human mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (50): 52493–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404467200. PMID15456763.
