This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This protein is a transcriptional repressor and is thought to play a role in the anterior/posterior axis of the tetrapod forelimb. Mutations in this gene cause ulnar-mammary syndrome, affecting limb, apocrine gland, tooth, hair, and genital development. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms; however, the full length nature of one variant has not been determined.[2] Mutations in TBX3 are implicated in cases of breast cancer.[3] TBX3 is also responsible for the dun color in horses, but its expression or lack of expression has no deleterious effects on horses, only affecting hair color.[4]
References
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Bamshad M, Lin RC, Law DJ, Watkins WC, Krakowiak PA, Moore ME, Franceschini P, Lala R, Holmes LB, Gebuhr TC, Bruneau BG, Schinzel A, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Jorde LB (Jul 1997). "Mutations in human TBX3 alter limb, apocrine and genital development in ulnar-mammary syndrome". Nature Genetics. 16 (3): 311–5. doi:10.1038/ng0797-311. PMID9207801.
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Lingbeek ME, Jacobs JJ, van Lohuizen M (Jul 2002). "The T-box repressors TBX2 and TBX3 specifically regulate the tumor suppressor gene p14ARF via a variant T-site in the initiator". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (29): 26120–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200403200. PMID12000749.
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Carlson H, Ota S, Song Y, Chen Y, Hurlin PJ (May 2002). "Tbx3 impinges on the p53 pathway to suppress apoptosis, facilitate cell transformation and block myogenic differentiation". Oncogene. 21 (24): 3827–35. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205476. PMID12032820.
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Wollnik B, Kayserili H, Uyguner O, Tukel T, Yuksel-Apak M (2003). "Haploinsufficiency of TBX3 causes ulnar-mammary syndrome in a large Turkish family". Annales De Génétique. 45 (4): 213–7. doi:10.1016/S0003-3995(02)01144-9. PMID12668170.
Fan W, Huang X, Chen C, Gray J, Huang T (Aug 2004). "TBX3 and its isoform TBX3+2a are functionally distinctive in inhibition of senescence and are overexpressed in a subset of breast cancer cell lines". Cancer Research. 64 (15): 5132–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0615. PMID15289316.
Lomnytska M, Dubrovska A, Hellman U, Volodko N, Souchelnytskyi S (Jan 2006). "Increased expression of cSHMT, Tbx3 and utrophin in plasma of ovarian and breast cancer patients". International Journal of Cancer. 118 (2): 412–21. doi:10.1002/ijc.21332. PMID16049973.
Yang L, Cai CL, Lin L, Qyang Y, Chung C, Monteiro RM, Mummery CL, Fishman GI, Cogen A, Evans S (Apr 2006). "Isl1Cre reveals a common Bmp pathway in heart and limb development". Development. 133 (8): 1575–85. doi:10.1242/dev.02322. PMID16556916.
Lee HS, Cho HH, Kim HK, Bae YC, Baik HS, Jung JS (Feb 2007). "Tbx3, a transcriptional factor, involves in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal cells". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 296 (1–2): 129–36. doi:10.1007/s11010-006-9306-4. PMID16955224.
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M (Nov 2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks". Cell. 127 (3): 635–48. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID17081983.
Mommersteeg MT, Hoogaars WM, Prall OW, de Gier-de Vries C, Wiese C, Clout DE, Papaioannou VE, Brown NA, Harvey RP, Moorman AF, Christoffels VM (Feb 2007). "Molecular pathway for the localized formation of the sinoatrial node". Circulation Research. 100 (3): 354–62. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000258019.74591.b3. PMID17234970.