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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''HHEX'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8096636">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bedford FK, Ashworth A, Enver T, Wiedemann LM | title = HEX: a novel homeobox gene expressed during haematopoiesis and conserved between mouse and human | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 1245–9 | date = Mar 1993 | pmid = 8096636 | pmc = 309289 | doi = 10.1093/nar/21.5.1245 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8103988">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hromas R, Radich J, Collins S | title = PCR cloning of an orphan homeobox gene (PRH) preferentially expressed in myeloid and liver cells | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 195 | issue = 2 | pages = 976–83 | date = Sep 1993 | pmid = 8103988 | pmc = | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2140 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HHEX hematopoietically expressed homeobox| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3087| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This gene encodes a member of the [[homeobox]] family of [[transcription factor]]s, many of which are involved in developmental processes. Expression in specific hematopoietic lineages suggests that this protein may play a role in [[hematopoietic]] differentiation.<ref name="entrez" />
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_HHEX_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2e1o.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2e1o}}
| Name = Hematopoietically expressed homeobox
| HGNCid = 4901
| Symbol = HHEX
| AltSymbols =; HEX; HMPH; HOX11L-PEN; PRH; PRHX
| OMIM = 604420
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 31110
| MGIid = 96086
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HHEX_204689_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_HHEX_215933_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001889 |text = liver development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019735 |text = antimicrobial humoral response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030900 |text = forebrain development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035050 |text = embryonic heart tube development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042127 |text = regulation of cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3087
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000152804
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002720
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002729
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 94439690
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 94445383
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q03014
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 15242
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008245
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032271
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Hematopoietically expressed homeobox''', also known as '''HHEX''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HHEX hematopoietically expressed homeobox| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3087| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the homeobox family of transcription factors, many of which are involved in developmental processes. Expression in specific hematopoietic lineages suggests that this protein may play a role in hematopoietic differentiation.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HHEX hematopoietically expressed homeobox| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3087| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
The HHEX transcription factor acts as a promoter in some instances and an inhibitor others.<ref name=Denson>{{cite journal | vauthors = Denson LA, Karpen SJ, Bogue CW, Jacobs HC | title = Divergent homeobox gene hex regulates promoter of the Na(+)-dependent bile acid cotransporter | journal = American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology | volume = 279 | issue = 2 | pages = G347-55 | date = Aug 2000 | pmid = 10915644 | url = http://ajpgi.physiology.org/content/279/2/G347.full }}</ref><ref name=Brickman>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brickman JM, Jones CM, Clements M, Smith JC, Beddington RS | title = Hex is a transcriptional repressor that contributes to anterior identity and suppresses Spemann organiser function | journal = Development | volume = 127 | issue = 11 | pages = 2303–15 | date = Jun 2000 | pmid = 10804173 | url = http://dev.biologists.org/content/127/11/2303.abstract }}</ref> It interacts with a number of other signaling molecules to play an important role in the development of multiple organs, such as the liver, thyroid and forebrain.<ref name=Martinez /> HHEX serves to repress VEGFA, another protein which is important in endothelial cell development.<ref name=Hallaq>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hallaq H, Pinter E, Enciso J, McGrath J, Zeiss C, Brueckner M, Madri J, Jacobs HC, Wilson CM, Vasavada H, Jiang X, Bogue CW | title = A null mutation of Hhex results in abnormal cardiac development, defective vasculogenesis and elevated Vegfa levels | journal = Development | volume = 131 | issue = 20 | pages = 5197–209 | date = Oct 2004 | pmid = 15459110 | doi = 10.1242/dev.01393 }}</ref> SCL, a significant transcription factor for blood and endothelial cell differentiation, is shown to interact with HHEX to promote the correct development of the hematopoiesis process.<ref name=Liao>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liao W, Ho CY, Yan YL, Postlethwait J, Stainier DY | title = Hhex and scl function in parallel to regulate early endothelial and blood differentiation in zebrafish | journal = Development | volume = 127 | issue = 20 | pages = 4303–13 | date = Oct 2000 | pmid = 11003831 }}</ref> HHEX appears to work together with another molecule, β-catenin, for the development of the anterior organizer.<ref name=Zamparini>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zamparini AL, Watts T, Gardner CE, Tomlinson SR, Johnston GI, Brickman JM | title = Hex acts with beta-catenin to regulate anteroposterior patterning via a Groucho-related co-repressor and Nodal | journal = Development | volume = 133 | issue = 18 | pages = 3709–22 | date = Sep 2006 | pmid = 16936074 | doi = 10.1242/dev.02516 }}</ref> It also contributes to developmental remodeling and stabilization of endothelial cells in an unborn organism.<ref name=Hallaq /> The importance of this transcription factor is illustrated by the inability of HHEX knockout mice embryos to survive gestation. Without the expression of HHEX, these mice embryos die in utero between Day 13 and Day 16.<ref name=Hallaq /> HHEX knockout mice display a range of abnormalities including forebrain abnormalities in various levels of severity, as well as a number of other defects including heart, vasculature, liver, monocyte, and thyroid abnormalities.<ref name=Martinez>{{cite journal | vauthors = Martinez Barbera JP, Clements M, Thomas P, Rodriguez T, Meloy D, Kioussis D, Beddington RS | title = The homeobox gene Hex is required in definitive endodermal tissues for normal forebrain, liver and thyroid formation | journal = Development | volume = 127 | issue = 11 | pages = 2433–45 | date = Jun 2000 | pmid = 10804184 }}</ref><ref name=Hallaq />
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
== Interactions ==
 
HHEX has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[Promyelocytic leukemia protein]].<ref name=pmid10597310>{{cite journal | vauthors = Topcu Z, Mack DL, Hromas RA, Borden KL | title = The promyelocytic leukemia protein PML interacts with the proline-rich homeodomain protein PRH: a RING may link hematopoiesis and growth control | journal = Oncogene | volume = 18 | issue = 50 | pages = 7091–100 | date = Nov 1999 | pmid = 10597310 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1203201 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Neidle S, Goodwin GH | title = A homology-based molecular model of the proline-rich homeodomain protein Prh, from haematopoietic cells | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 345 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 93–8 | date = May 1994 | pmid = 7911091 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00446-3 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Crompton MR, Bartlett TJ, MacGregor AD, Manfioletti G, Buratti E, Giancotti V, Goodwin GH | title = Identification of a novel vertebrate homeobox gene expressed in haematopoietic cells | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 20 | issue = 21 | pages = 5661–7 | date = Nov 1992 | pmid = 1360645 | pmc = 334400 | doi = 10.1093/nar/20.21.5661 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Neidle S, Goodwin GH |title=A homology-based molecular model of the proline-rich homeodomain protein Prh, from haematopoietic cells. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=345 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 93-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7911091 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Manfioletti G, Gattei V, Buratti E, Rustighi A, De Iuliis A, Aldinucci D, Goodwin GH, Pinto A | title = Differential expression of a novel proline-rich homeobox gene (Prh) in human hematolymphopoietic cells | journal = Blood | volume = 85 | issue = 5 | pages = 1237–45 | date = Mar 1995 | pmid = 7858254 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Crompton MR, Bartlett TJ, MacGregor AD, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of a novel vertebrate homeobox gene expressed in haematopoietic cells. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=20 |issue= 21 |pages= 5661-7 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1360645 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Topcu Z, Mack DL, Hromas RA, Borden KL | title = The promyelocytic leukemia protein PML interacts with the proline-rich homeodomain protein PRH: a RING may link hematopoiesis and growth control | journal = Oncogene | volume = 18 | issue = 50 | pages = 7091–100 | date = Nov 1999 | pmid = 10597310 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1203201 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Manfioletti G, Gattei V, Buratti E, ''et al.'' |title=Differential expression of a novel proline-rich homeobox gene (Prh) in human hematolymphopoietic cells. |journal=Blood |volume=85 |issue= 5 |pages= 1237-45 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7858254 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pellizzari L, D'Elia A, Rustighi A, Manfioletti G, Tell G, Damante G | title = Expression and function of the homeodomain-containing protein Hex in thyroid cells | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 28 | issue = 13 | pages = 2503–11 | date = Jul 2000 | pmid = 10871399 | pmc = 102703 | doi = 10.1093/nar/28.13.2503 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bedford FK, Ashworth A, Enver T, Wiedemann LM |title=HEX: a novel homeobox gene expressed during haematopoiesis and conserved between mouse and human. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=21 |issue= 5 |pages= 1245-9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8096636 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schaefer LK, Wang S, Schaefer TS | title = Functional interaction of Jun and homeodomain proteins | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 46 | pages = 43074–82 | date = Nov 2001 | pmid = 11551904 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M102552200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hromas R, Radich J, Collins S |title=PCR cloning of an orphan homeobox gene (PRH) preferentially expressed in myeloid and liver cells. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=195 |issue= 2 |pages= 976-83 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8103988 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2140 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Morgutti M, Demori E, Pecile V, Amoroso A, Rustighi A, Manfioletti G | title = Genomic organization and chromosome mapping of the human homeobox gene HHEX | journal = Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics | volume = 94 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 30–2 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11701950 | doi = 10.1159/000048778 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Topcu Z, Mack DL, Hromas RA, Borden KL |title=The promyelocytic leukemia protein PML interacts with the proline-rich homeodomain protein PRH: a RING may link hematopoiesis and growth control. |journal=Oncogene |volume=18 |issue= 50 |pages= 7091-100 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10597310 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1203201 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = D'Elia AV, Tell G, Russo D, Arturi F, Puglisi F, Manfioletti G, Gattei V, Mack DL, Cataldi P, Filetti S, Di Loreto C, Damante G | title = Expression and localization of the homeodomain-containing protein HEX in human thyroid tumors | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 1376–83 | date = Mar 2002 | pmid = 11889211 | doi = 10.1210/jc.87.3.1376 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pellizzari L, D'Elia A, Rustighi A, ''et al.'' |title=Expression and function of the homeodomain-containing protein Hex in thyroid cells. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=28 |issue= 13 |pages= 2503-11 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10871399 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Topisirovic I, Culjkovic B, Cohen N, Perez JM, Skrabanek L, Borden KL | title = The proline-rich homeodomain protein, PRH, is a tissue-specific inhibitor of eIF4E-dependent cyclin D1 mRNA transport and growth | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 689–703 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12554669 | pmc = 140753 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/cdg069 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schaefer LK, Wang S, Schaefer TS |title=Functional interaction of Jun and homeodomain proteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 46 |pages= 43074-82 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11551904 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M102552200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakagawa T, Abe M, Yamazaki T, Miyashita H, Niwa H, Kokubun S, Sato Y | title = HEX acts as a negative regulator of angiogenesis by modulating the expression of angiogenesis-related gene in endothelial cells in vitro | journal = Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 231–7 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12588764 | doi = 10.1161/01.ATV.0000052670.55321.87 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Morgutti M, Demori E, Pecile V, ''et al.'' |title=Genomic organization and chromosome mapping of the human homeobox gene HHEX. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=94 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 30-2 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11701950 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Puppin C, D'Elia AV, Pellizzari L, Russo D, Arturi F, Presta I, Filetti S, Bogue CW, Denson LA, Damante G | title = Thyroid-specific transcription factors control Hex promoter activity | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 31 | issue = 7 | pages = 1845–52 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12655000 | pmc = 152810 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkg295 }}
*{{cite journal | author=D'Elia AV, Tell G, Russo D, ''et al.'' |title=Expression and localization of the homeodomain-containing protein HEX in human thyroid tumors. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=87 |issue= 3 |pages= 1376-83 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11889211 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bess KL, Swingler TE, Rivett AJ, Gaston K, Jayaraman PS | title = The transcriptional repressor protein PRH interacts with the proteasome | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 374 | issue = Pt 3 | pages = 667–75 | date = Sep 2003 | pmid = 12826010 | pmc = 1223646 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20030769 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = George A, Morse HC, Justice MJ | title = The homeobox gene Hex induces T-cell-derived lymphomas when overexpressed in hematopoietic precursor cells | journal = Oncogene | volume = 22 | issue = 43 | pages = 6764–73 | date = Oct 2003 | pmid = 14555989 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1206822 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Topisirovic I, Culjkovic B, Cohen N, ''et al.'' |title=The proline-rich homeodomain protein, PRH, is a tissue-specific inhibitor of eIF4E-dependent cyclin D1 mRNA transport and growth. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=22 |issue= 3 |pages= 689-703 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12554669 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/cdg069 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Minami T, Murakami T, Horiuchi K, Miura M, Noguchi T, Miyazaki J, Hamakubo T, Aird WC, Kodama T | title = Interaction between hex and GATA transcription factors in vascular endothelial cells inhibits flk-1/KDR-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor signaling | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 20 | pages = 20626–35 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15016828 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M308730200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nakagawa T, Abe M, Yamazaki T, ''et al.'' |title=HEX acts as a negative regulator of angiogenesis by modulating the expression of angiogenesis-related gene in endothelial cells in vitro. |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 231-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12588764 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Puppin C, Presta I, D'Elia AV, Tell G, Arturi F, Russo D, Filetti S, Damante G | title = Functional interaction among thyroid-specific transcription factors: Pax8 regulates the activity of Hex promoter | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 214 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 117–25 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 15062550 | doi = 10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.061 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Puppin C, D'Elia AV, Pellizzari L, ''et al.'' |title=Thyroid-specific transcription factors control Hex promoter activity. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=31 |issue= 7 |pages= 1845-52 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12655000 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Swingler TE, Bess KL, Yao J, Stifani S, Jayaraman PS | title = The proline-rich homeodomain protein recruits members of the Groucho/Transducin-like enhancer of split protein family to co-repress transcription in hematopoietic cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 33 | pages = 34938–47 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15187083 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M404488200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bess KL, Swingler TE, Rivett AJ, ''et al.'' |title=The transcriptional repressor protein PRH interacts with the proteasome. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=374 |issue= Pt 3 |pages= 667-75 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12826010 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20030769 }}
*{{cite journal | author=George A, Morse HC, Justice MJ |title=The homeobox gene Hex induces T-cell-derived lymphomas when overexpressed in hematopoietic precursor cells. |journal=Oncogene |volume=22 |issue= 43 |pages= 6764-73 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14555989 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1206822 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Minami T, Murakami T, Horiuchi K, ''et al.'' |title=Interaction between hex and GATA transcription factors in vascular endothelial cells inhibits flk-1/KDR-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 20 |pages= 20626-35 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15016828 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M308730200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Puppin C, Presta I, D'Elia AV, ''et al.'' |title=Functional interaction among thyroid-specific transcription factors: Pax8 regulates the activity of Hex promoter. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=214 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 117-25 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15062550 |doi= 10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.061 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Swingler TE, Bess KL, Yao J, ''et al.'' |title=The proline-rich homeodomain protein recruits members of the Groucho/Transducin-like enhancer of split protein family to co-repress transcription in hematopoietic cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 33 |pages= 34938-47 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15187083 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M404488200 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=3087}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|HHEX+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|HHEX+protein,+human}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors|g3}}




{{protein-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors}}
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 13:35, 31 August 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein HHEX is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHEX gene.[1][2][3]

This gene encodes a member of the homeobox family of transcription factors, many of which are involved in developmental processes. Expression in specific hematopoietic lineages suggests that this protein may play a role in hematopoietic differentiation.[3]

Function

The HHEX transcription factor acts as a promoter in some instances and an inhibitor others.[4][5] It interacts with a number of other signaling molecules to play an important role in the development of multiple organs, such as the liver, thyroid and forebrain.[6] HHEX serves to repress VEGFA, another protein which is important in endothelial cell development.[7] SCL, a significant transcription factor for blood and endothelial cell differentiation, is shown to interact with HHEX to promote the correct development of the hematopoiesis process.[8] HHEX appears to work together with another molecule, β-catenin, for the development of the anterior organizer.[9] It also contributes to developmental remodeling and stabilization of endothelial cells in an unborn organism.[7] The importance of this transcription factor is illustrated by the inability of HHEX knockout mice embryos to survive gestation. Without the expression of HHEX, these mice embryos die in utero between Day 13 and Day 16.[7] HHEX knockout mice display a range of abnormalities including forebrain abnormalities in various levels of severity, as well as a number of other defects including heart, vasculature, liver, monocyte, and thyroid abnormalities.[6][7]

Interactions

HHEX has been shown to interact with Promyelocytic leukemia protein.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Bedford FK, Ashworth A, Enver T, Wiedemann LM (Mar 1993). "HEX: a novel homeobox gene expressed during haematopoiesis and conserved between mouse and human". Nucleic Acids Research. 21 (5): 1245–9. doi:10.1093/nar/21.5.1245. PMC 309289. PMID 8096636.
  2. ↑ Hromas R, Radich J, Collins S (Sep 1993). "PCR cloning of an orphan homeobox gene (PRH) preferentially expressed in myeloid and liver cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 195 (2): 976–83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2140. PMID 8103988.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: HHEX hematopoietically expressed homeobox".
  4. ↑ Denson LA, Karpen SJ, Bogue CW, Jacobs HC (Aug 2000). "Divergent homeobox gene hex regulates promoter of the Na(+)-dependent bile acid cotransporter". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 279 (2): G347–55. PMID 10915644.
  5. ↑ Brickman JM, Jones CM, Clements M, Smith JC, Beddington RS (Jun 2000). "Hex is a transcriptional repressor that contributes to anterior identity and suppresses Spemann organiser function". Development. 127 (11): 2303–15. PMID 10804173.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Martinez Barbera JP, Clements M, Thomas P, Rodriguez T, Meloy D, Kioussis D, Beddington RS (Jun 2000). "The homeobox gene Hex is required in definitive endodermal tissues for normal forebrain, liver and thyroid formation". Development. 127 (11): 2433–45. PMID 10804184.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Hallaq H, Pinter E, Enciso J, McGrath J, Zeiss C, Brueckner M, Madri J, Jacobs HC, Wilson CM, Vasavada H, Jiang X, Bogue CW (Oct 2004). "A null mutation of Hhex results in abnormal cardiac development, defective vasculogenesis and elevated Vegfa levels". Development. 131 (20): 5197–209. doi:10.1242/dev.01393. PMID 15459110.
  8. ↑ Liao W, Ho CY, Yan YL, Postlethwait J, Stainier DY (Oct 2000). "Hhex and scl function in parallel to regulate early endothelial and blood differentiation in zebrafish". Development. 127 (20): 4303–13. PMID 11003831.
  9. ↑ Zamparini AL, Watts T, Gardner CE, Tomlinson SR, Johnston GI, Brickman JM (Sep 2006). "Hex acts with beta-catenin to regulate anteroposterior patterning via a Groucho-related co-repressor and Nodal". Development. 133 (18): 3709–22. doi:10.1242/dev.02516. PMID 16936074.
  10. ↑ Topcu Z, Mack DL, Hromas RA, Borden KL (Nov 1999). "The promyelocytic leukemia protein PML interacts with the proline-rich homeodomain protein PRH: a RING may link hematopoiesis and growth control". Oncogene. 18 (50): 7091–100. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203201. PMID 10597310.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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