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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Interferon regulatory factor 5''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''IRF5'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IRF5 interferon regulatory factor 5| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3663| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Interferon regulatory factor 5
| HGNCid = 6120
| Symbol = IRF5
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 607218
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 8088
| MGIid = 1350924
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IRF5_205469_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_IRF5_205468_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003709 |text = RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3663
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000128604
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002191
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002200
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 128365230
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 128377320
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q13568
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 27056
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029771
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_012057
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_036187
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 29476743
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 29487329
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3U169
  }}
}}
'''Interferon regulatory factor 5''', also known as '''IRF5''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IRF5 interferon regulatory factor 5| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3663| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
IRF5 is a member of the [[interferon regulatory factor]] (IRF) family, a group of [[transcription factor]]s with diverse roles, including virus-mediated activation of interferon, and modulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity. Members of the IRF family are characterized by a conserved [[N-terminus|N-terminal]] [[DNA-binding domain]] containing [[tryptophan]] (W) repeats. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms exist.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
 
| section_title =
== Clinical significance ==
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, a group of transcription factors with diverse roles, including virus-mediated activation of interferon, and modulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity. Members of the IRF family are characterized by a conserved N-terminal DNA-binding domain containing tryptophan (W) repeats. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms exist.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IRF5 interferon regulatory factor 5| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3663| accessdate = }}</ref>
 
}}
IRF5 acts as a molecular switch that controls whether [[macrophage]]s will promote or inhibit inflammation. Blocking the production of IRF5 in macrophages may help treat a wide range of autoimmune diseases, and that boosting IRF5 levels might help treat people whose immune systems are weak, compromised, or damaged. IRF5 seems to work "either by interacting with DNA directly, or by interacting with other proteins that themselves control which genes are switched on."<ref name="pmid21240265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krausgruber T, Blazek K, Smallie T, Alzabin S, Lockstone H, Sahgal N, Hussell T, Feldmann M, Udalova IA | title = IRF5 promotes inflammatory macrophage polarization and T(H)1-T(H)17 responses | journal = Nat Immunol | volume = 12| issue = 3| pages = 231–238|date=January 2011 | pmid = 21240265 | doi = 10.1038/ni.1990 | laysummary = http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/735864?src=mp&spon=43 | laysource = MedScape }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 59: Line 14:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
{{Clear}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Pitha PM, Au WC, Lowther W, etal |title=Role of the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in virus-mediated signaling and regulation of cell growth |journal=Biochimie |volume=80 |issue= 8–9 |pages= 651–8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9865487 |doi=10.1016/S0300-9084(99)80018-2 }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Barnes B, Lubyova B, Pitha PM |title=On the role of IRF in host defense |journal=J. Interferon Cytokine Res. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 59–71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11846976 |doi= 10.1089/107999002753452665 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pitha PM, Au WC, Lowther W, ''et al.'' |title=Role of the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in virus-mediated signaling and regulation of cell growth. |journal=Biochimie |volume=80 |issue= 8-9 |pages= 651-8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9865487 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Barnes BJ, Moore PA, Pitha PM |title=Virus-specific activation of a novel interferon regulatory factor, IRF-5, results in the induction of distinct interferon alpha genes |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 26 |pages= 23382–90 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11303025 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M101216200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Barnes B, Lubyova B, Pitha PM |title=On the role of IRF in host defense. |journal=J. Interferon Cytokine Res. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 59-71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11846976 |doi= 10.1089/107999002753452665 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Nehyba J, Hrdlicková R, Burnside J, Bose HR |title=A novel interferon regulatory factor (IRF), IRF-10, has a unique role in immune defense and is induced by the v-Rel oncoprotein |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 11 |pages= 3942–57 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11997525 |doi=10.1128/MCB.22.11.3942-3957.2002  | pmc=133824 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Barnes BJ, Moore PA, Pitha PM |title=Virus-specific activation of a novel interferon regulatory factor, IRF-5, results in the induction of distinct interferon alpha genes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 26 |pages= 23382-90 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11303025 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M101216200 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Barnes BJ, Kellum MJ, Field AE, Pitha PM |title=Multiple regulatory domains of IRF-5 control activation, cellular localization, and induction of chemokines that mediate recruitment of T lymphocytes |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 16 |pages= 5721–40 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12138184 |doi=10.1128/MCB.22.16.5721-5740.2002  | pmc=133975  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Nehyba J, Hrdlicková R, Burnside J, Bose HR |title=A novel interferon regulatory factor (IRF), IRF-10, has a unique role in immune defense and is induced by the v-Rel oncoprotein. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 11 |pages= 3942-57 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11997525 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Barnes BJ, Kellum MJ, Field AE, Pitha PM |title=Multiple regulatory domains of IRF-5 control activation, cellular localization, and induction of chemokines that mediate recruitment of T lymphocytes. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 16 |pages= 5721-40 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12138184 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Barnes BJ, Field AE, Pitha-Rowe PM |title=Virus-induced heterodimer formation between IRF-5 and IRF-7 modulates assembly of the IFNA enhanceosome in vivo and transcriptional activity of IFNA genes |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 19 |pages= 16630–41 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12600985 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M212609200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, etal |title=Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5620 |pages= 767–72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12690205 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083423 | pmc=2882961 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Barnes BJ, Field AE, Pitha-Rowe PM |title=Virus-induced heterodimer formation between IRF-5 and IRF-7 modulates assembly of the IFNA enhanceosome in vivo and transcriptional activity of IFNA genes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 19 |pages= 16630-41 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12600985 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M212609200 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Barnes BJ, Kellum MJ, Pinder KE, etal |title=Interferon regulatory factor 5, a novel mediator of cell cycle arrest and cell death |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=63 |issue= 19 |pages= 6424–31 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14559832 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, ''et al.'' |title=Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. |journal=Science |volume=300 |issue= 5620 |pages= 767-72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12690205 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083423 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Barnes BJ, Richards J, Mancl M, etal |title=Global and distinct targets of IRF-5 and IRF-7 during innate response to viral infection |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 43 |pages= 45194–207 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15308637 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M400726200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Barnes BJ, Kellum MJ, Pinder KE, ''et al.'' |title=Interferon regulatory factor 5, a novel mediator of cell cycle arrest and cell death. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=63 |issue= 19 |pages= 6424-31 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14559832 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Barnes BJ, Richards J, Mancl M, ''et al.'' |title=Global and distinct targets of IRF-5 and IRF-7 during innate response to viral infection. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 43 |pages= 45194-207 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15308637 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M400726200 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Lin R, Yang L, Arguello M, etal |title=A CRM1-dependent nuclear export pathway is involved in the regulation of IRF-5 subcellular localization |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 4 |pages= 3088–95 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15556946 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M408452200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Sigurdsson S, Nordmark G, Göring HH, etal |title=Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=76 |issue= 3 |pages= 528–37 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15657875 |doi= 10.1086/428480 | pmc=1196404 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lin R, Yang L, Arguello M, ''et al.'' |title=A CRM1-dependent nuclear export pathway is involved in the regulation of IRF-5 subcellular localization. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 4 |pages= 3088-95 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15556946 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M408452200 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Takaoka A, Yanai H, Kondo S, etal |title=Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors |journal=Nature |volume=434 |issue= 7030 |pages= 243–9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15665823 |doi= 10.1038/nature03308 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sigurdsson S, Nordmark G, Göring HH, ''et al.'' |title=Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=76 |issue= 3 |pages= 528-37 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15657875 |doi= 10.1086/428480 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Schoenemeyer A, Barnes BJ, Mancl ME, etal |title=The interferon regulatory factor, IRF5, is a central mediator of toll-like receptor 7 signaling |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 17 |pages= 17005–12 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15695821 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M412584200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takaoka A, Yanai H, Kondo S, ''et al.'' |title=Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors. |journal=Nature |volume=434 |issue= 7030 |pages= 243-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15665823 |doi= 10.1038/nature03308 }}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Mancl ME, Hu G, Sangster-Guity N, Olshalsky SL, Hoops K, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Pitha PM, Pinder K, Barnes BJ | title = Two discrete promoters regulate the alternatively spliced human interferon regulatory factor-5 isoforms. Multiple isoforms with distinct cell type-specific expression, localization, regulation, and function | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 280 | issue = 22 | pages = 21078–90 |date=June 2005 | pmid = 15805103 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M500543200 | url = | issn = }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schoenemeyer A, Barnes BJ, Mancl ME, ''et al.'' |title=The interferon regulatory factor, IRF5, is a central mediator of toll-like receptor 7 signaling. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 17 |pages= 17005-12 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15695821 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M412584200 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mancl ME, Hu G, Sangster-Guity N, ''et al.'' |title=Two discrete promoters regulate the alternatively spliced human interferon regulatory factor-5 isoforms. Multiple isoforms with distinct cell type-specific expression, localization, regulation, and function. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 22 |pages= 21078-90 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15805103 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M500543200 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Graham RR, Kozyrev SV, Baechler EC, etal |title=A common haplotype of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) regulates splicing and expression and is associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=38 |issue= 5 |pages= 550–5 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16642019 |doi= 10.1038/ng1782 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, ''et al.'' |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Graham RR, Kozyrev SV, Baechler EC, ''et al.'' |title=A common haplotype of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) regulates splicing and expression and is associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=38 |issue= 5 |pages= 550-5 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16642019 |doi= 10.1038/ng1782 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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* {{MeshName|IRF5+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|IRF5+protein,+human}}


{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors|g3}}
{{JAK-STAT signaling pathway}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors}}
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
 
{{gene-7-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:04, 1 September 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF5 gene.[1]

Function

IRF5 is a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, a group of transcription factors with diverse roles, including virus-mediated activation of interferon, and modulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity. Members of the IRF family are characterized by a conserved N-terminal DNA-binding domain containing tryptophan (W) repeats. Alternative splice variants encoding different isoforms exist.[1]

Clinical significance

IRF5 acts as a molecular switch that controls whether macrophages will promote or inhibit inflammation. Blocking the production of IRF5 in macrophages may help treat a wide range of autoimmune diseases, and that boosting IRF5 levels might help treat people whose immune systems are weak, compromised, or damaged. IRF5 seems to work "either by interacting with DNA directly, or by interacting with other proteins that themselves control which genes are switched on."[2]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: IRF5 interferon regulatory factor 5".
  2. ↑ Krausgruber T, Blazek K, Smallie T, Alzabin S, Lockstone H, Sahgal N, Hussell T, Feldmann M, Udalova IA (January 2011). "IRF5 promotes inflammatory macrophage polarization and T(H)1-T(H)17 responses". Nat Immunol. 12 (3): 231–238. doi:10.1038/ni.1990. PMID 21240265. Lay summary – MedScape.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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