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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}} __NOTOC__
{{PBB_Controls
'''Interferon regulatory factor 4''' also known as ''MUM1'' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''IRF4'' [[gene]],<ref name="pmid8921401">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grossman A, Mittrücker HW, Nicholl J, Suzuki A, Chung S, Antonio L, Suggs S, Sutherland GR, Siderovski DP, Mak TW | title = Cloning of human lymphocyte-specific interferon regulatory factor (hLSIRF/hIRF4) and mapping of the gene to 6p23-p25 | journal = Genomics | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 229–33 | date = Feb 1997 | pmid = 8921401 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.0547 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18417578">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xu D, Zhao L, Del Valle L, Miklossy J, Zhang L | title = Interferon regulatory factor 4 is involved in Epstein-Barr virus-mediated transformation of human B lymphocytes | journal = J Virol | volume = 82 | issue = 13 | pages = 6251–8 | date = Jun 2008 | pmid = 18417578 | pmc = 2447047 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.00163-08 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3662| accessdate = }}</ref> located at 6p25-p23.
| update_page = yes
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| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The ''MUM1'' symbol is [[polysemy|polysemous]]; although it is an older synonym for ''IRF4'' (HGNC:6119), it is also the current HGNC official symbol for melanoma associated antigen (mutated) 1 (HGNC:29641; located at 19p13.3).
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_IRF4_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2dll.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2dll}}
| Name = Interferon regulatory factor 4
| HGNCid = 6119
| Symbol = IRF4
| AltSymbols =; LSIRF; MUM1
| OMIM = 601900
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 1842
| MGIid = 1096873
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IRF4_216986_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_IRF4_216987_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003702 |text = RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008134 |text = transcription factor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016563 |text = transcription activator activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042110 |text = T cell activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043011 |text = myeloid dendritic cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045082 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045086 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045368 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045404 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045622 |text = regulation of T-helper cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045941 |text = positive regulation of transcription}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3662
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000137265
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002451
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002460
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 336739
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 356447
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q15306
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 16364
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021356
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013674
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038702
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 13
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 30756723
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 30774392
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q5SUZ4
  }}
}}
'''Interferon regulatory factor 4''', also known as '''IRF4''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3662| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Clinical significance ==
{{PBB_Summary
 
| section_title =  
In melanocytic cells the IRF4 gene may be regulated by [[Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor|MITF]].<ref name="pmid19067971">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E | display-authors = 6 | title = Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy | journal = Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 665–76 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19067971 | doi = 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x }}</ref> IRF4 is a transcription factor that has been implicated in acute leukemia.<ref name="pmid23977280">{{cite journal | vauthors = Adamaki M, Lambrou GI, Athanasiadou A, Tzanoudaki M, Vlahopoulos S, Moschovi M | title = Implication of IRF4 aberrant gene expression in the acute leukemias of childhood | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 8 | pages = e72326 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23977280 | pmc = 3744475 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0072326 }}</ref> This gene is strongly associated with pigmentation: sensitivity of skin to sun exposure, freckles, blue eyes, and brown hair color.<ref name="pmid24267888">{{cite journal | vauthors = Praetorius C, Grill C, Stacey SN, Metcalf AM, Gorkin DU, Robinson KC, Van Otterloo E, Kim RS, Bergsteinsdottir K, Ogmundsdottir MH, Magnusdottir E, Mishra PJ, Davis SR, Guo T, Zaidi MR, Helgason AS, Sigurdsson MI, Meltzer PS, Merlino G, Petit V, Larue L, Loftus SK, Adams DR, Sobhiafshar U, Emre NC, Pavan WJ, Cornell R, Smith AG, McCallion AS, Fisher DE, Stefansson K, Sturm RA, Steingrimsson E | display-authors = 6 | title = A Polymorphism in IRF4 Affects Human Pigmentation through a Tyrosinase-Dependent MITF/TFAP2A Pathway | journal = Cell | volume = 155 | issue = 5 | pages = 1022–33 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24267888 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.022 | pmc=3873608}}</ref> A variant has been implicated in greying of hair.<ref name="pmid26926045">{{cite journal | vauthors = Adhikari K, Fontanil T, Cal S, Mendoza-Revilla J, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Chacón-Duque JC, Al-Saadi F, Johansson JA, Quinto-Sanchez M, Acuña-Alonzo V, Jaramillo C, Arias W, Barquera Lozano R, Macín Pérez G, Gómez-Valdés J, Villamil-Ramírez H, Hunemeier T, Ramallo V, Silva de Cerqueira CC, Hurtado M, Villegas V, Granja V, Gallo C, Poletti G, Schuler-Faccini L, Salzano FM, Bortolini MC, Canizales-Quinteros S, Rothhammer F, Bedoya G, Gonzalez-José R, Headon D, López-Otín C, Tobin DJ, Balding D, Ruiz-Linages A | display-authors = 6 | title = A genome-wide association scan in admixed Latin Americans identifies loci influencing facial and scalp hair features | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = 10815 | year = 2016 | pmid = 26926045 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms10815 | laysummary = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-35687287 | laysource = BBC News | pmc=4773514}}</ref>
| summary_text =  
 
}}
==Interactions==
IRF4 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
* [[BCL6]],<ref name=pmid10601358/>
* [[NFATC2]],<ref name="pmid11956291">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rengarajan J, Mowen KA, McBride KD, Smith ED, Singh H, Glimcher LH | title = Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) interacts with NFATc2 to modulate interleukin 4 gene expression | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 195 | issue = 8 | pages = 1003–12 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11956291 | pmc = 2193700 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20011128 }}</ref>
* [[SPI1]],<ref name="pmid10022840">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brass AL, Zhu AQ, Singh H | title = Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 977–91 | date = February 1999 | pmid = 10022840 | pmc = 1171190 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.4.977 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12372320">{{cite journal | vauthors = Escalante CR, Shen L, Escalante MC, Brass AL, Edwards TA, Singh H, Aggarwal AK | title = Crystallization and characterization of PU.1/IRF-4/DNA ternary complex | journal = J. Struct. Biol. | volume = 139 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–9 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12372320 | doi = 10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00514-2 }}</ref> and
* [[STAT6]].<ref name="pmid10601358">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gupta S, Jiang M, Anthony A, Pernis AB | title = Lineage-specific modulation of interleukin 4 signaling by interferon regulatory factor 4 | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 190 | issue = 12 | pages = 1837–48 | date = December 1999 | pmid = 10601358 | pmc = 2195723 | doi = 10.1084/jem.190.12.1837 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 59: Line 19:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
{{Clear}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Mamane Y, Sharma S, Grandvaux N, Hernandez E, Hiscott J | title = IRF-4 activities in HTLV-I-induced T cell leukemogenesis | journal = J. Interferon Cytokine Res. | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 135–43 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11846984 | doi = 10.1089/107999002753452746 }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Yamagata T, Nishida J, Tanaka S, Sakai R, Mitani K, Yoshida M, Taniguchi T, Yazaki Y, Hirai H | title = A novel interferon regulatory factor family transcription factor, ICSAT/Pip/LSIRF, that negatively regulates the activity of interferon-regulated genes | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 16 | issue = 4 | pages = 1283–94 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8657101 | pmc = 231112 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mamane Y, Sharma S, Grandvaux N, ''et al.'' |title=IRF-4 activities in HTLV-I-induced T cell leukemogenesis. |journal=J. Interferon Cytokine Res. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 135-43 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11846984 |doi= 10.1089/107999002753452746 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Iida S, Rao PH, Butler M, Corradini P, Boccadoro M, Klein B, Chaganti RS, Dalla-Favera R | title = Deregulation of MUM1/IRF4 by chromosomal translocation in multiple myeloma | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 226–30 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9326949 | doi = 10.1038/ng1097-226 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamagata T, Nishida J, Tanaka S, ''et al.'' |title=A novel interferon regulatory factor family transcription factor, ICSAT/Pip/LSIRF, that negatively regulates the activity of interferon-regulated genes. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 4 |pages= 1283-94 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8657101 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Brass AL, Zhu AQ, Singh H | title = Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 977–91 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10022840 | pmc = 1171190 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.4.977 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Grossman A, Mittrücker HW, Nicholl J, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning of human lymphocyte-specific interferon regulatory factor (hLSIRF/hIRF4) and mapping of the gene to 6p23-p25. |journal=Genomics |volume=37 |issue= 2 |pages= 229-33 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8921401 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.0547 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Rao S, Matsumura A, Yoon J, Simon MC | title = SPI-B activates transcription via a unique proline, serine, and threonine domain and exhibits DNA binding affinity differences from PU.1 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 16 | pages = 11115–24 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10196196 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.16.11115 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Iida S, Rao PH, Butler M, ''et al.'' |title=Deregulation of MUM1/IRF4 by chromosomal translocation in multiple myeloma. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=17 |issue= 2 |pages= 226-30 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9326949 |doi= 10.1038/ng1097-226 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Marecki S, Atchison ML, Fenton MJ | title = Differential expression and distinct functions of IFN regulatory factor 4 and IFN consensus sequence binding protein in macrophages | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 163 | issue = 5 | pages = 2713–22 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10453013 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brass AL, Zhu AQ, Singh H |title=Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=18 |issue= 4 |pages= 977-91 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10022840 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/18.4.977 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Gupta S, Jiang M, Anthony A, Pernis AB | title = Lineage-specific modulation of interleukin 4 signaling by interferon regulatory factor 4 | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 190 | issue = 12 | pages = 1837–48 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10601358 | pmc = 2195723 | doi = 10.1084/jem.190.12.1837 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rao S, Matsumura A, Yoon J, Simon MC |title=SPI-B activates transcription via a unique proline, serine, and threonine domain and exhibits DNA binding affinity differences from PU.1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 16 |pages= 11115-24 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10196196 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Mamane Y, Sharma S, Petropoulos L, Lin R, Hiscott J | title = Posttranslational regulation of IRF-4 activity by the immunophilin FKBP52 | journal = Immunity | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | pages = 129–40 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10714679 | doi = 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80166-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marecki S, Atchison ML, Fenton MJ |title=Differential expression and distinct functions of IFN regulatory factor 4 and IFN consensus sequence binding protein in macrophages. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=163 |issue= 5 |pages= 2713-22 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10453013 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Gupta S, Anthony A, Pernis AB | title = Stage-specific modulation of IFN-regulatory factor 4 function by Krüppel-type zinc finger proteins | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 166 | issue = 10 | pages = 6104–11 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11342629 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.166.10.6104 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gupta S, Jiang M, Anthony A, Pernis AB |title=Lineage-specific modulation of interleukin 4 signaling by interferon regulatory factor 4. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=190 |issue= 12 |pages= 1837-48 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10601358 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Imaizumi Y, Kohno T, Yamada Y, Ikeda S, Tanaka Y, Tomonaga M, Matsuyama T | title = Possible involvement of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in a clinical subtype of adult T-cell leukemia | journal = Jpn. J. Cancer Res. | volume = 92 | issue = 12 | pages = 1284–92 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11749693 | doi = 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb02151.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mamane Y, Sharma S, Petropoulos L, ''et al.'' |title=Posttranslational regulation of IRF-4 activity by the immunophilin FKBP52. |journal=Immunity |volume=12 |issue= 2 |pages= 129-40 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10714679 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Rengarajan J, Mowen KA, McBride KD, Smith ED, Singh H, Glimcher LH | title = Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) interacts with NFATc2 to modulate interleukin 4 gene expression | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 195 | issue = 8 | pages = 1003–12 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11956291 | pmc = 2193700 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20011128 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gupta S, Anthony A, Pernis AB |title=Stage-specific modulation of IFN-regulatory factor 4 function by Krüppel-type zinc finger proteins. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=166 |issue= 10 |pages= 6104-11 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11342629 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Sharma S, Grandvaux N, Mamane Y, Genin P, Azimi N, Waldmann T, Hiscott J | title = Regulation of IFN regulatory factor 4 expression in human T cell leukemia virus-I-transformed T cells | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 169 | issue = 6 | pages = 3120–30 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12218129 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3120 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Imaizumi Y, Kohno T, Yamada Y, ''et al.'' |title=Possible involvement of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in a clinical subtype of adult T-cell leukemia. |journal=Jpn. J. Cancer Res. |volume=92 |issue= 12 |pages= 1284-92 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11749693 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Escalante CR, Shen L, Escalante MC, Brass AL, Edwards TA, Singh H, Aggarwal AK | title = Crystallization and characterization of PU.1/IRF-4/DNA ternary complex | journal = J. Struct. Biol. | volume = 139 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–9 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12372320 | doi = 10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00514-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rengarajan J, Mowen KA, McBride KD, ''et al.'' |title=Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) interacts with NFATc2 to modulate interleukin 4 gene expression. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=195 |issue= 8 |pages= 1003-12 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11956291 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu CM, Jang SY, Fanzo JC, Pernis AB | title = Modulation of T cell cytokine production by interferon regulatory factor-4 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 51 | pages = 49238–46 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12374808 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M205895200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sharma S, Grandvaux N, Mamane Y, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of IFN regulatory factor 4 expression in human T cell leukemia virus-I-transformed T cells. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=169 |issue= 6 |pages= 3120-30 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12218129 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Fanzo JC, Hu CM, Jang SY, Pernis AB | title = Regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis by interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4) | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 197 | issue = 3 | pages = 303–14 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12566414 | pmc = 2193834 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20020717 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Escalante CR, Shen L, Escalante MC, ''et al.'' |title=Crystallization and characterization of PU.1/IRF-4/DNA ternary complex. |journal=J. Struct. Biol. |volume=139 |issue= 1 |pages= 55-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12372320 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Reilly D, Quinn CM, El-Shanawany T, Gordon S, Greaves DR | title = Multiple Ets factors and interferon regulatory factor-4 modulate CD68 expression in a cell type-specific manner | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 278 | issue = 24 | pages = 21909–19 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12676954 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M212150200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hu CM, Jang SY, Fanzo JC, Pernis AB |title=Modulation of T cell cytokine production by interferon regulatory factor-4. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 51 |pages= 49238-46 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12374808 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M205895200 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors = Sundram U, Harvell JD, Rouse RV, Natkunam Y | title = Expression of the B-cell proliferation marker MUM1 by melanocytic lesions and comparison with S100, gp100 (HMB45), and MelanA | journal = Mod. Pathol. | volume = 16 | issue = 8 | pages = 802–10 | year = 2004 | pmid = 12920225 | doi = 10.1097/01.MP.0000081726.49886.CF }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Fanzo JC, Hu CM, Jang SY, Pernis AB |title=Regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis by interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4). |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=197 |issue= 3 |pages= 303-14 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12566414 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=O'Reilly D, Quinn CM, El-Shanawany T, ''et al.'' |title=Multiple Ets factors and interferon regulatory factor-4 modulate CD68 expression in a cell type-specific manner. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 24 |pages= 21909-19 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12676954 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M212150200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sundram U, Harvell JD, Rouse RV, Natkunam Y |title=Expression of the B-cell proliferation marker MUM1 by melanocytic lesions and comparison with S100, gp100 (HMB45), and MelanA. |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=16 |issue= 8 |pages= 802-10 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12920225 |doi= 10.1097/01.MP.0000081726.49886.CF }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{FactorBook|IRF4}}
* {{MeshName|IRF4+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|IRF4+protein,+human}}


{{NLM content}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=3662}}
{{Transcription factors|g3}}
{{JAK-STAT signaling pathway}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors}}
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 16:12, 21 June 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Interferon regulatory factor 4 also known as MUM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF4 gene,[1][2][3] located at 6p25-p23.

The MUM1 symbol is polysemous; although it is an older synonym for IRF4 (HGNC:6119), it is also the current HGNC official symbol for melanoma associated antigen (mutated) 1 (HGNC:29641; located at 19p13.3).

Clinical significance

In melanocytic cells the IRF4 gene may be regulated by MITF.[4] IRF4 is a transcription factor that has been implicated in acute leukemia.[5] This gene is strongly associated with pigmentation: sensitivity of skin to sun exposure, freckles, blue eyes, and brown hair color.[6] A variant has been implicated in greying of hair.[7]

Interactions

IRF4 has been shown to interact with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Grossman A, Mittrücker HW, Nicholl J, Suzuki A, Chung S, Antonio L, Suggs S, Sutherland GR, Siderovski DP, Mak TW (Feb 1997). "Cloning of human lymphocyte-specific interferon regulatory factor (hLSIRF/hIRF4) and mapping of the gene to 6p23-p25". Genomics. 37 (2): 229–33. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0547. PMID 8921401.
  2. ↑ Xu D, Zhao L, Del Valle L, Miklossy J, Zhang L (Jun 2008). "Interferon regulatory factor 4 is involved in Epstein-Barr virus-mediated transformation of human B lymphocytes". J Virol. 82 (13): 6251–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.00163-08. PMC 2447047. PMID 18417578.
  3. ↑ "Entrez Gene: IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4".
  4. ↑ Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, et al. (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971.
  5. ↑ Adamaki M, Lambrou GI, Athanasiadou A, Tzanoudaki M, Vlahopoulos S, Moschovi M (2013). "Implication of IRF4 aberrant gene expression in the acute leukemias of childhood". PLoS ONE. 8 (8): e72326. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072326. PMC 3744475. PMID 23977280.
  6. ↑ Praetorius C, Grill C, Stacey SN, Metcalf AM, Gorkin DU, Robinson KC, et al. (November 2013). "A Polymorphism in IRF4 Affects Human Pigmentation through a Tyrosinase-Dependent MITF/TFAP2A Pathway". Cell. 155 (5): 1022–33. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.022. PMC 3873608. PMID 24267888.
  7. ↑ Adhikari K, Fontanil T, Cal S, Mendoza-Revilla J, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Chacón-Duque JC, et al. (2016). "A genome-wide association scan in admixed Latin Americans identifies loci influencing facial and scalp hair features". Nature Communications. 7: 10815. doi:10.1038/ncomms10815. PMC 4773514. PMID 26926045. Lay summary – BBC News.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gupta S, Jiang M, Anthony A, Pernis AB (December 1999). "Lineage-specific modulation of interleukin 4 signaling by interferon regulatory factor 4". J. Exp. Med. 190 (12): 1837–48. doi:10.1084/jem.190.12.1837. PMC 2195723. PMID 10601358.
  9. ↑ Rengarajan J, Mowen KA, McBride KD, Smith ED, Singh H, Glimcher LH (April 2002). "Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) interacts with NFATc2 to modulate interleukin 4 gene expression". J. Exp. Med. 195 (8): 1003–12. doi:10.1084/jem.20011128. PMC 2193700. PMID 11956291.
  10. ↑ Brass AL, Zhu AQ, Singh H (February 1999). "Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers". EMBO J. 18 (4): 977–91. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.4.977. PMC 1171190. PMID 10022840.
  11. ↑ Escalante CR, Shen L, Escalante MC, Brass AL, Edwards TA, Singh H, Aggarwal AK (July 2002). "Crystallization and characterization of PU.1/IRF-4/DNA ternary complex". J. Struct. Biol. 139 (1): 55–9. doi:10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00514-2. PMID 12372320.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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