HLX (gene): Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''HLX'' (gene)}}
{{PBB_Controls
{{Infobox_gene}}
| update_page = yes
'''Homeobox Protein HB24''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''HLX'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1676597">{{cite journal | vauthors = Deguchi Y, Moroney JF, Wilson GL, Fox CH, Winter HS, Kehrl JH | title = Cloning of a human homeobox gene that resembles a diverged Drosophila homeobox gene and is expressed in activated lymphocytes | journal = The New Biologist | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 353–63 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1676597 | pmc =  | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="pmid7806220">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kennedy MA, Rayner JC, Morris CM | title = Genomic structure, promoter sequence, and revised translation of human homeobox gene HLX1 | journal = Genomics | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 348–55 | date = July 1994 | pmid = 7806220 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1394 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLX1 H2.0-like homeobox 1 (Drosophila)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3142| accessdate = }}</ref>
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| update_protein_box = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Role in development ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = H2.0-like homeobox 1 (Drosophila)
| HGNCid = 4978
| Symbol = HLX1
| AltSymbols =; HB24
| OMIM = 142995
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 7363
| MGIid = 96109
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HLX1_214438_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006366 |text = transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3142
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000136630
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_068777
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_021958
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 219119366
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 219125022
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q14774
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 15284
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000039377
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008250
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032276
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 186427931
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 186433396
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q549B7
  }}
}}
'''H2.0-like homeobox 1 (Drosophila)''', also known as '''HLX1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLX1 H2.0-like homeobox 1 (Drosophila)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3142| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
Hlx belongs to the class of homeobox transcription factors, initially cloned from a B-lymphocyte cell line.<ref name="pmid1672660">{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen JD, Lints T, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Strasser A, Harvey RP, Adams JM | title = Novel murine homeo box gene on chromosome 1 expressed in specific hematopoietic lineages and during embryogenesis | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 509–20 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1672660 | doi =  10.1101/gad.5.4.509}}</ref> Targeted knockout of the gene has demonstrated its vital role in liver and gut organogenesis.<ref name="Hentsch_1996">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hentsch B, Lyons I, Li R, Hartley L, Lints TJ, Adams JM, Harvey RP | title = Hlx homeo box gene is essential for an inductive tissue interaction that drives expansion of embryonic liver and gut | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 70–9 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8557196 | doi = 10.1101/gad.10.1.70| url = }}</ref> Its expression is first noticed in embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) in the [[splanchnic mesoderm]] caudal to the level of the heart and foregut pocket, and in the branchial arches. Around E10- E12.5, the expression becomes more prominent in the mesenchyme of the visceral organs of the gut such as liver, intestines and gall bladder.<ref name="pmid8901056">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lints TJ, Hartley L, Parsons LM, Harvey RP | title = Mesoderm-specific expression of the divergent homeobox gene Hlx during murine embryogenesis | journal = Developmental Dynamics | volume = 205 | issue = 4 | pages = 457–70 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8901056 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(199604)205:4<457::AID-AJA9>3.0.CO;2-H }}</ref> Hlx is essential for liver and gut expansion, but not for onset of their development. Heterozygous knockouts of Hlx (Hlx <sup>+/</sup>−) are normal whereas homozygous knockouts (Hlx <sup>−/–</sup>) develop severe hypoplasia of the liver and gut along with anaemia. Hlx controls the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction necessary for liver and gut expansion.<ref name="Hentsch_1996" /> At E8.0, the primary liver bud is formed from the midgut endoderm in response to signals from the [[cardiogenic mesoderm]]. This is followed by signals from the [[septum transversum]] that induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the hepatic progenitors of the gut endoderm.<ref name="pmid765644">{{cite journal | vauthors = Douarin NM | title = An experimental analysis of liver development | journal = Medical Biology | volume = 53 | issue = 6 | pages = 427–55 | year = 1975 | pmid = 765644 | doi = }}</ref><ref name="pmid7310284">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fukuda-Taira S | title = Hepatic induction in the avian embryo: specificity of reactive endoderm and inductive mesoderm | journal = Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology | volume = 63 | issue = | pages = 111–25 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7310284 | doi = | url = }}</ref> In a third stage, these signaling factors induce the liver endoderm to undergo proliferation and form liver cords. The same factor controls gut proliferation, and Hlx governs its expression. Although these mice develop anaemia, it is likely due to insufficient support from the liver in producing matrix component needed for hematopoiesis rather than an intrinsic defect in the hematopoietic cells.<ref name="Hentsch_1996" />
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text =  
}}


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Najfeld V, Menninger J, Ballard SG, Deguchi Y, Ward DC, Kehrl JH | title = Two diverged human homeobox genes involved in the differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitors map to chromosome 1, bands q41-42.1 | journal = Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 343–7 | date = November 1992 | pmid = 1283323 | doi = 10.1002/gcc.2870050410 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Deguchi Y, Thevenin C, Kehrl JH | title = Stable expression of HB24, a diverged human homeobox gene, in T lymphocytes induces genes involved in T cell activation and growth | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 12 | pages = 8222–9 | date = April 1992 | pmid = 1349016 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Najfeld V, Menninger J, Ballard SG, ''et al.'' |title=Two diverged human homeobox genes involved in the differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitors map to chromosome 1, bands q41-42.1. |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=5 |issue= 4 |pages= 343-7 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1283323 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Deguchi Y, Kirschenbaum A, Kehrl JH | title = A diverged homeobox gene is involved in the proliferation and lineage commitment of human hematopoietic progenitors and highly expressed in acute myelogenous leukemia | journal = Blood | volume = 79 | issue = 11 | pages = 2841–8 | date = June 1992 | pmid = 1375114 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Deguchi Y, Thevenin C, Kehrl JH |title=Stable expression of HB24, a diverged human homeobox gene, in T lymphocytes induces genes involved in T cell activation and growth. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 12 |pages= 8222-9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1349016 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Allen JD, Lints T, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Strasser A, Harvey RP, Adams JM | title = Novel murine homeo box gene on chromosome 1 expressed in specific hematopoietic lineages and during embryogenesis | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 509–20 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1672660 | doi = 10.1101/gad.5.4.509 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Deguchi Y, Kirschenbaum A, Kehrl JH |title=A diverged homeobox gene is involved in the proliferation and lineage commitment of human hematopoietic progenitors and highly expressed in acute myelogenous leukemia. |journal=Blood |volume=79 |issue= 11 |pages= 2841-8 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1375114 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Deguchi Y, Kehrl JH | title = Selective expression of two homeobox genes in CD34-positive cells from human bone marrow | journal = Blood | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 323–8 | date = July 1991 | pmid = 1712647 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Allen JD, Lints T, Jenkins NA, ''et al.'' |title=Novel murine homeo box gene on chromosome 1 expressed in specific hematopoietic lineages and during embryogenesis. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=5 |issue= 4 |pages= 509-20 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1672660 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Deguchi Y, Yamanaka Y, Theodossiou C, Najfeld V, Kehrl JH | title = High expression of two diverged homeobox genes, HB24 and HB9, in acute leukemias: molecular markers of hematopoietic cell immaturity | journal = Leukemia | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 446–51 | date = March 1993 | pmid = 7680402 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Deguchi Y, Moroney JF, Wilson GL, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning of a human homeobox gene that resembles a diverged Drosophila homeobox gene and is expressed in activated lymphocytes. |journal=New Biol. |volume=3 |issue= 4 |pages= 353-63 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1676597 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Deguchi Y, Agus D, Kehrl JH | title = A human homeobox gene, HB24, inhibits development of CD4+ T cells and impairs thymic involution in transgenic mice | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 268 | issue = 5 | pages = 3646–53 | date = February 1993 | pmid = 8094082 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Deguchi Y, Kehrl JH |title=Selective expression of two homeobox genes in CD34-positive cells from human bone marrow. |journal=Blood |volume=78 |issue= 2 |pages= 323-8 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1712647 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nishimura DY, Purchio AF, Murray JC | title = Linkage localization of TGFB2 and the human homeobox gene HLX1 to chromosome 1q | journal = Genomics | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 357–64 | date = February 1993 | pmid = 8095486 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1993.1068 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Deguchi Y, Yamanaka Y, Theodossiou C, ''et al.'' |title=High expression of two diverged homeobox genes, HB24 and HB9, in acute leukemias: molecular markers of hematopoietic cell immaturity. |journal=Leukemia |volume=7 |issue= 3 |pages= 446-51 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7680402 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Quinn LM, Johnson BV, Nicholl J, Sutherland GR, Kalionis B | title = Isolation and identification of homeobox genes from the human placenta including a novel member of the Distal-less family, DLX4 | journal = Gene | volume = 187 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–61 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9073066 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00706-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kennedy MA, Rayner JC, Morris CM |title=Genomic structure, promoter sequence, and revised translation of human homeobox gene HLX1. |journal=Genomics |volume=22 |issue= 2 |pages= 348-55 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7806220 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1394 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Quinn LM, Kilpatrick LM, Latham SE, Kalionis B | title = Homeobox genes DLX4 and HB24 are expressed in regions of epithelial-mesenchymal cell interaction in the adult human endometrium | journal = Molecular Human Reproduction | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | pages = 497–501 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9665637 | doi = 10.1093/molehr/4.5.497 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Deguchi Y, Agus D, Kehrl JH |title=A human homeobox gene, HB24, inhibits development of CD4+ T cells and impairs thymic involution in transgenic mice. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 5 |pages= 3646-53 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8094082 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Murthi P, Doherty V, Said J, Donath S, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B | title = Homeobox gene HLX1 expression is decreased in idiopathic human fetal growth restriction | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 168 | issue = 2 | pages = 511–8 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16436665 | pmc = 1606485 | doi = 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050637 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nishimura DY, Purchio AF, Murray JC |title=Linkage localization of TGFB2 and the human homeobox gene HLX1 to chromosome 1q. |journal=Genomics |volume=15 |issue= 2 |pages= 357-64 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8095486 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1993.1068 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Becknell B, Hughes TL, Freud AG, Blaser BW, Yu J, Trotta R, Mao HC, Caligiuri de Jesús ML, Alghothani M, Benson DM, Lehman A, Jarjoura D, Perrotti D, Bates MD, Caligiuri MA | title = Hlx homeobox transcription factor negatively regulates interferon-gamma production in monokine-activated natural killer cells | journal = Blood | volume = 109 | issue = 6 | pages = 2481–7 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17110450 | pmc = 1852195 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2006-10-050096 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Quinn LM, Johnson BV, Nicholl J, ''et al.'' |title=Isolation and identification of homeobox genes from the human placenta including a novel member of the Distal-less family, DLX4. |journal=Gene |volume=187 |issue= 1 |pages= 55-61 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9073066 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Quinn LM, Kilpatrick LM, Latham SE, Kalionis B |title=Homeobox genes DLX4 and HB24 are expressed in regions of epithelial-mesenchymal cell interaction in the adult human endometrium. |journal=Mol. Hum. Reprod. |volume=4 |issue= 5 |pages= 497-501 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9665637 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Murthi P, Doherty V, Said J, ''et al.'' |title=Homeobox gene HLX1 expression is decreased in idiopathic human fetal growth restriction. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=168 |issue= 2 |pages= 511-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16436665 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Becknell B, Hughes TL, Freud AG, ''et al.'' |title=Hlx homeobox transcription factor negatively regulates interferon-gamma production in monokine-activated natural killer cells. |journal=Blood |volume=109 |issue= 6 |pages= 2481-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17110450 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2006-10-050096 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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* {{MeshName|HLX+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|HLX+protein,+human}}


{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors|g3}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors}}
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
 
{{gene-1-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:14, 14 November 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Homeobox Protein HB24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLX gene.[1][2][3]

Role in development

Hlx belongs to the class of homeobox transcription factors, initially cloned from a B-lymphocyte cell line.[4] Targeted knockout of the gene has demonstrated its vital role in liver and gut organogenesis.[5] Its expression is first noticed in embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) in the splanchnic mesoderm caudal to the level of the heart and foregut pocket, and in the branchial arches. Around E10- E12.5, the expression becomes more prominent in the mesenchyme of the visceral organs of the gut such as liver, intestines and gall bladder.[6] Hlx is essential for liver and gut expansion, but not for onset of their development. Heterozygous knockouts of Hlx (Hlx +/−) are normal whereas homozygous knockouts (Hlx −/–) develop severe hypoplasia of the liver and gut along with anaemia. Hlx controls the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction necessary for liver and gut expansion.[5] At E8.0, the primary liver bud is formed from the midgut endoderm in response to signals from the cardiogenic mesoderm. This is followed by signals from the septum transversum that induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the hepatic progenitors of the gut endoderm.[7][8] In a third stage, these signaling factors induce the liver endoderm to undergo proliferation and form liver cords. The same factor controls gut proliferation, and Hlx governs its expression. Although these mice develop anaemia, it is likely due to insufficient support from the liver in producing matrix component needed for hematopoiesis rather than an intrinsic defect in the hematopoietic cells.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Deguchi Y, Moroney JF, Wilson GL, Fox CH, Winter HS, Kehrl JH (April 1991). "Cloning of a human homeobox gene that resembles a diverged Drosophila homeobox gene and is expressed in activated lymphocytes". The New Biologist. 3 (4): 353–63. PMID 1676597.
  2. ↑ Kennedy MA, Rayner JC, Morris CM (July 1994). "Genomic structure, promoter sequence, and revised translation of human homeobox gene HLX1". Genomics. 22 (2): 348–55. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1394. PMID 7806220.
  3. ↑ "Entrez Gene: HLX1 H2.0-like homeobox 1 (Drosophila)".
  4. ↑ Allen JD, Lints T, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Strasser A, Harvey RP, Adams JM (1991). "Novel murine homeo box gene on chromosome 1 expressed in specific hematopoietic lineages and during embryogenesis". Genes & Development. 5 (4): 509–20. doi:10.1101/gad.5.4.509. PMID 1672660.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hentsch B, Lyons I, Li R, Hartley L, Lints TJ, Adams JM, Harvey RP (1996). "Hlx homeo box gene is essential for an inductive tissue interaction that drives expansion of embryonic liver and gut". Genes & Development. 10 (1): 70–9. doi:10.1101/gad.10.1.70. PMID 8557196.
  6. ↑ Lints TJ, Hartley L, Parsons LM, Harvey RP (1996). "Mesoderm-specific expression of the divergent homeobox gene Hlx during murine embryogenesis". Developmental Dynamics. 205 (4): 457–70. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(199604)205:4<457::AID-AJA9>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 8901056.
  7. ↑ Douarin NM (1975). "An experimental analysis of liver development". Medical Biology. 53 (6): 427–55. PMID 765644.
  8. ↑ Fukuda-Taira S (1981). "Hepatic induction in the avian embryo: specificity of reactive endoderm and inductive mesoderm". Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. 63: 111–25. PMID 7310284.

Further reading

  • Najfeld V, Menninger J, Ballard SG, Deguchi Y, Ward DC, Kehrl JH (November 1992). "Two diverged human homeobox genes involved in the differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitors map to chromosome 1, bands q41-42.1". Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer. 5 (4): 343–7. doi:10.1002/gcc.2870050410. PMID 1283323.
  • Deguchi Y, Thevenin C, Kehrl JH (April 1992). "Stable expression of HB24, a diverged human homeobox gene, in T lymphocytes induces genes involved in T cell activation and growth". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (12): 8222–9. PMID 1349016.
  • Deguchi Y, Kirschenbaum A, Kehrl JH (June 1992). "A diverged homeobox gene is involved in the proliferation and lineage commitment of human hematopoietic progenitors and highly expressed in acute myelogenous leukemia". Blood. 79 (11): 2841–8. PMID 1375114.
  • Allen JD, Lints T, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Strasser A, Harvey RP, Adams JM (April 1991). "Novel murine homeo box gene on chromosome 1 expressed in specific hematopoietic lineages and during embryogenesis". Genes & Development. 5 (4): 509–20. doi:10.1101/gad.5.4.509. PMID 1672660.
  • Deguchi Y, Kehrl JH (July 1991). "Selective expression of two homeobox genes in CD34-positive cells from human bone marrow". Blood. 78 (2): 323–8. PMID 1712647.
  • Deguchi Y, Yamanaka Y, Theodossiou C, Najfeld V, Kehrl JH (March 1993). "High expression of two diverged homeobox genes, HB24 and HB9, in acute leukemias: molecular markers of hematopoietic cell immaturity". Leukemia. 7 (3): 446–51. PMID 7680402.
  • Deguchi Y, Agus D, Kehrl JH (February 1993). "A human homeobox gene, HB24, inhibits development of CD4+ T cells and impairs thymic involution in transgenic mice". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268 (5): 3646–53. PMID 8094082.
  • Nishimura DY, Purchio AF, Murray JC (February 1993). "Linkage localization of TGFB2 and the human homeobox gene HLX1 to chromosome 1q". Genomics. 15 (2): 357–64. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1068. PMID 8095486.
  • Quinn LM, Johnson BV, Nicholl J, Sutherland GR, Kalionis B (March 1997). "Isolation and identification of homeobox genes from the human placenta including a novel member of the Distal-less family, DLX4". Gene. 187 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00706-8. PMID 9073066.
  • Quinn LM, Kilpatrick LM, Latham SE, Kalionis B (May 1998). "Homeobox genes DLX4 and HB24 are expressed in regions of epithelial-mesenchymal cell interaction in the adult human endometrium". Molecular Human Reproduction. 4 (5): 497–501. doi:10.1093/molehr/4.5.497. PMID 9665637.
  • Murthi P, Doherty V, Said J, Donath S, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B (February 2006). "Homeobox gene HLX1 expression is decreased in idiopathic human fetal growth restriction". The American Journal of Pathology. 168 (2): 511–8. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2006.050637. PMC 1606485. PMID 16436665.
  • Becknell B, Hughes TL, Freud AG, Blaser BW, Yu J, Trotta R, Mao HC, Caligiuri de Jesús ML, Alghothani M, Benson DM, Lehman A, Jarjoura D, Perrotti D, Bates MD, Caligiuri MA (March 2007). "Hlx homeobox transcription factor negatively regulates interferon-gamma production in monokine-activated natural killer cells". Blood. 109 (6): 2481–7. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-10-050096. PMC 1852195. PMID 17110450.

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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