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{{Distinguish|nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1|NFE2L1}}
{{PBB_Controls
{{Infobox_gene}}
| update_page = yes
'''Nuclear respiratory factor 1''', also known as '''Nrf1''', '''Nrf-1''', '''NRF1''' and '''NRF-1''', encodes a protein that [[homodimerization|homodimerizes]] and functions as a [[transcription factor]] which activates the expression of some key [[metabolic gene]]s regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, [[heme biosynthesis]], and [[mitochondrial DNA]] transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of [[neurite]] outgrowth. Alternate [[transcriptional splice variant]]s, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein [[isoform]]s have been described but they have not been fully characterized. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene and for "nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1" which has an official symbol of [[NFE2L1]].{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
Nrf1 functions as a transcription factor that activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating [[cell growth|cellular growth]] and nuclear genes required for mitochondrial respiration, and [[mitochondrion|mitochondrial]] DNA [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]] and [[DNA replication|replication]]. Nrf1, together with [[Nrf2]], mediates the [[biogenomic coordination]] between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes by directly regulating the expression of several nuclear-encoded [[electron transport chain|ETC]] proteins, and indirectly regulating the three mitochondrial-encoded [[cytochrome c oxidase|COX]] subunit genes by activating [[TFAM|mtTFA]], [[TFB1M|mtTFB1]], and [[TFB2M|mtTFB2]].
| image = 
| image_source =
| PDB =  
| Name = Nuclear respiratory factor 1
| HGNCid = 7996
| Symbol = NRF1
| AltSymbols =; ALPHA-PAL
| OMIM = 600879
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 3674
| MGIid = 1332235
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_NRF1_204651_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_NRF1_204652_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_NRF1_211279_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006091 |text = generation of precursor metabolites and energy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006357 |text = regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4899
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000106459
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001035199
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001040110
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 129038833
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 129183090
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q16656
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 18181
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000058440
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010938
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035068
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 30039899
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 30103468
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q8BSP8
  }}
}}
'''Nuclear respiratory factor 1''', also known as '''NRF1''', is a human [[gene]].


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
Nrf1 is associated with the regulation of [[neurite]] outgrowth.<ref name="pmid15992771">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang WT, Chen HI, Chiou RJ, Chen CY, Huang AM | title = A novel function of transcription factor alpha-Pal/NRF-1: increasing neurite outgrowth | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 334 | issue = 1 | pages = 199–206 | date = August  2005 | pmid = 15992771 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.079 }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a phosphorylated nuclear protein with a bZIP domain. This protein homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor that activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: NRF1 nuclear respiratory factor 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4899| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: NRF1 nuclear respiratory factor 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4899| accessdate = }}</ref>
{{reflist|2}}


==Further reading==
Cyclin D1-dependent kinase, through phosphorylating NRF-1 at S47, coordinates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang C, Li Z, Lu Y, Du R, Katiyar S, Yang J, Fu M, Leader JE, Quong A, Novikoff PM, Pestell RG | title = Cyclin D1 repression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 integrates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 103 | issue = 31 | pages = 11567–72 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16864783 | pmc = 1518800 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0603363103 | bibcode = 2006PNAS..10311567W | jstor = 30051572 }}</ref>
{{refbegin | 2}}
 
{{PBB_Further_reading
== Interactions ==
| citations =
NRF1 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[DYNLL1]],<ref name="pmid11069771">{{cite journal | vauthors = Herzig RP, Andersson U, Scarpulla RC | title = Dynein light chain interacts with NRF-1 and EWG, structurally and functionally related transcription factors from humans and drosophila | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 113 | issue = 23| pages = 4263–73 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11069771 | doi = }}</ref> [[PPARGC1A]],<ref name="pmid10412986">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu Z, Puigserver P, Andersson U, Zhang C, Adelmant G, Mootha V, Troy A, Cinti S, Lowell B, Scarpulla RC, Spiegelman BM | title = Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1 | journal = Cell | volume = 98 | issue = 1 | pages = 115–24 | date = July 1999 | pmid = 10412986 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80611-X }}</ref> and [[PPRC1]].<ref name="pmid11340167">{{cite journal | vauthors = Andersson U, Scarpulla RC | title = PGC-1-related coactivator, a novel, serum-inducible coactivator of nuclear respiratory factor 1-dependent transcription in mammalian cells | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | issue = 11 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11340167 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.11.3738-3749.2001 | volume=21 | pmc=87014 | pages=3738–49}}</ref>
*{{cite journal  | author=Jacob WF, Silverman TA, Cohen RB, Safer B |title=Identification and characterization of a novel transcription factor participating in the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=264 |issue= 34 |pages= 20372-84 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2584221 |doi= }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Tiranti V, Rossi E, Rocchi M, ''et al.'' |title=The gene (NFE2L1) for human NRF-1, an activator involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions, maps to 7q32. |journal=Genomics |volume=27 |issue= 3 |pages= 555-7 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7558044 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1995.1094 }}
== References ==
*{{cite journal | author=Gopalakrishnan L, Scarpulla RC |title=Structure, expression, and chromosomal assignment of the human gene encoding nuclear respiratory factor 1. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 30 |pages= 18019-25 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7629110 |doi= }}
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite journal | author=Efiok BJ, Chiorini JA, Safer B |title=A key transcription factor for eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha is strongly homologous to developmental transcription factors and may link metabolic genes to cellular growth and development. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 29 |pages= 18921-30 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8034649 |doi= }}
 
*{{cite journal  | author=Virbasius JV, Scarpulla RC |title=Activation of the human mitochondrial transcription factor A gene by nuclear respiratory factors: a potential regulatory link between nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression in organelle biogenesis. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=91 |issue= 4 |pages= 1309-13 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8108407 |doi=  }}
== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal | author=Virbasius CA, Virbasius JV, Scarpulla RC |title=NRF-1, an activator involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions, utilizes a new DNA-binding domain conserved in a family of developmental regulators. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=7 |issue= 12A |pages= 2431-45 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8253388 |doi= }}
{{Refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite journal | author=Spelbrink JN, Van den Bogert C |title=The pre-mRNA of nuclear respiratory factor 1, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, is alternatively spliced in human tissues and cell lines. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=4 |issue= 9 |pages= 1591-6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8541844 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tiranti V, Rossi E, Rocchi M, DiDonato S, Zuffardi O, Zeviani M | title = The gene (NFE2L1) for human NRF-1, an activator involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions, maps to 7q32 | journal = Genomics | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 555–7 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7558044 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1995.1094 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Johnsen O, Skammelsrud N, Luna L, ''et al.'' |title=Small Maf proteins interact with the human transcription factor TCF11/Nrf1/LCR-F1. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=24 |issue= 21 |pages= 4289-97 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8932385 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gopalakrishnan L, Scarpulla RC | title = Structure, expression, and chromosomal assignment of the human gene encoding nuclear respiratory factor 1 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 270 | issue = 30 | pages = 18019–25 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7629110 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.30.18019 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK |title=Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c-Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 25 |pages= 14960-5 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8962164 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Efiok BJ, Chiorini JA, Safer B | title = A key transcription factor for eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha is strongly homologous to developmental transcription factors and may link metabolic genes to cellular growth and development | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 269 | issue = 29 | pages = 18921–30 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8034649 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen S, Nagy PL, Zalkin H |title=Role of NRF-1 in bidirectional transcription of the human GPAT-AIRC purine biosynthesis locus. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=25 |issue= 9 |pages= 1809-16 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9108165 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Virbasius JV, Scarpulla RC | title = Activation of the human mitochondrial transcription factor A gene by nuclear respiratory factors: a potential regulatory link between nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression in organelle biogenesis | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 91 | issue = 4 | pages = 1309–13 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8108407 | pmc = 43147 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.91.4.1309 | bibcode = 1994PNAS...91.1309V }}
*{{cite journal | author=Toki T, Itoh J, Kitazawa J, ''et al.'' |title=Human small Maf proteins form heterodimers with CNC family transcription factors and recognize the NF-E2 motif. |journal=Oncogene |volume=14 |issue= 16 |pages= 1901-10 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9150357 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1201024 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Virbasius CA, Virbasius JV, Scarpulla RC | title = NRF-1, an activator involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions, utilizes a new DNA-binding domain conserved in a family of developmental regulators | journal = Genes Dev. | volume = 7 | issue = 12A | pages = 2431–45 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8253388 | doi = 10.1101/gad.7.12a.2431 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marini MG, Chan K, Casula L, ''et al.'' |title=hMAF, a small human transcription factor that heterodimerizes specifically with Nrf1 and Nrf2. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 26 |pages= 16490-7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9195958 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Spelbrink JN, Van den Bogert C | title = The pre-mRNA of nuclear respiratory factor 1, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, is alternatively spliced in human tissues and cell lines | journal = Hum. Mol. Genet. | volume = 4 | issue = 9 | pages = 1591–6 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8541844 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/4.9.1591 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gugneja S, Scarpulla RC |title=Serine phosphorylation within a concise amino-terminal domain in nuclear respiratory factor 1 enhances DNA binding. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 30 |pages= 18732-9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9228045 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Johnsen O, Skammelsrud N, Luna L, Nishizawa M, Prydz H, Kolstø AB | title = Small Maf proteins interact with the human transcription factor TCF11/Nrf1/LCR-F1 | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 24 | issue = 21 | pages = 4289–97 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8932385 | pmc = 146217 | doi = 10.1093/nar/24.21.4289 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Johnsen O, Murphy P, Prydz H, Kolsto AB |title=Interaction of the CNC-bZIP factor TCF11/LCR-F1/Nrf1 with MafG: binding-site selection and regulation of transcription. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=26 |issue= 2 |pages= 512-20 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9421508 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Venugopal R, Jaiswal AK | title = Nrf1 and Nrf2 positively and c-Fos and Fra1 negatively regulate the human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 gene | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 25 | pages = 14960–5 | year = 1997 | pmid = 8962164 | pmc = 26245 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14960 | bibcode = 1996PNAS...9314960V }}
*{{cite journal | author=Au HC, Scheffler IE |title=Promoter analysis of the human succinate dehydrogenase iron-protein gene--both nuclear respiratory factors NRF-1 and NRF-2 are required. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=251 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 164-74 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9492280 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen S, Nagy PL, Zalkin H | title = Role of NRF-1 in bidirectional transcription of the human GPAT-AIRC purine biosynthesis locus | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 25 | issue = 9 | pages = 1809–16 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9108165 | pmc = 146651 | doi = 10.1093/nar/25.9.1809 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Miranda S, Foncea R, Guerrero J, Leighton F |title=Oxidative stress and upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in mitochondrial DNA-depleted HeLa cells. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=258 |issue= 1 |pages= 44-9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10222232 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0580 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Toki T, Itoh J, Kitazawa J, Arai K, Hatakeyama K, Akasaka J, Igarashi K, Nomura N, Yokoyama M, Yamamoto M, Ito E | title = Human small Maf proteins form heterodimers with CNC family transcription factors and recognize the NF-E2 motif | journal = Oncogene | volume = 14 | issue = 16 | pages = 1901–10 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9150357 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1201024 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Li B, Holloszy JO, Semenkovich CF |title=Respiratory uncoupling induces delta-aminolevulinate synthase expression through a nuclear respiratory factor-1-dependent mechanism in HeLa cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 25 |pages= 17534-40 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10364186 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Marini MG, Chan K, Casula L, Kan YW, Cao A, Moi P | title = hMAF, a small human transcription factor that heterodimerizes specifically with Nrf1 and Nrf2 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 26 | pages = 16490–7 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9195958 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.26.16490 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wu Z, Puigserver P, Andersson U, ''et al.'' |title=Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1. |journal=Cell |volume=98 |issue= 1 |pages= 115-24 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10412986 |doi= 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80611-X }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gugneja S, Scarpulla RC | title = Serine phosphorylation within a concise amino-terminal domain in nuclear respiratory factor 1 enhances DNA binding | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 30 | pages = 18732–9 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9228045 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18732 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Solecki D, Bernhardt G, Lipp M, Wimmer E |title=Identification of a nuclear respiratory factor-1 binding site within the core promoter of the human polio virus receptor/CD155 gene. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 17 |pages= 12453-62 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10777530 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Johnsen O, Murphy P, Prydz H, Kolsto AB | title = Interaction of the CNC-bZIP factor TCF11/LCR-F1/Nrf1 with MafG: binding-site selection and regulation of transcription | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 512–20 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9421508 | pmc = 147270 | doi = 10.1093/nar/26.2.512 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kumari D, Usdin K |title=Interaction of the transcription factors USF1, USF2, and alpha -Pal/Nrf-1 with the FMR1 promoter. Implications for Fragile X mental retardation syndrome. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 6 |pages= 4357-64 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11058604 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M009629200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Au HC, Scheffler IE | title = Promoter analysis of the human succinate dehydrogenase iron-protein gene--both nuclear respiratory factors NRF-1 and NRF-2 are required | journal = Eur. J. Biochem. | volume = 251 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 164–74 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9492280 | doi = 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2510164.x }}
}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Miranda S, Foncea R, Guerrero J, Leighton F | title = Oxidative stress and upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis genes in mitochondrial DNA-depleted HeLa cells | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 258 | issue = 1 | pages = 44–9 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10222232 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0580 }}
{{refend}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Li B, Holloszy JO, Semenkovich CF | title = Respiratory uncoupling induces delta-aminolevulinate synthase expression through a nuclear respiratory factor-1-dependent mechanism in HeLa cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 25 | pages = 17534–40 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10364186 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17534 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wu Z, Puigserver P, Andersson U, Zhang C, Adelmant G, Mootha V, Troy A, Cinti S, Lowell B, Scarpulla RC, Spiegelman BM | title = Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1 | journal = Cell | volume = 98 | issue = 1 | pages = 115–24 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10412986 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80611-X }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Solecki D, Bernhardt G, Lipp M, Wimmer E | title = Identification of a nuclear respiratory factor-1 binding site within the core promoter of the human polio virus receptor/CD155 gene | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 17 | pages = 12453–62 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10777530 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.275.17.12453 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kumari D, Usdin K | title = Interaction of the transcription factors USF1, USF2, and alpha -Pal/Nrf-1 with the FMR1 promoter. Implications for Fragile X mental retardation syndrome | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 6 | pages = 4357–64 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11058604 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M009629200 }}
{{Refend}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|NRF1+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|NRF1+protein,+human}}
* {{FactorBook|Nrf1}}


{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors|g1}}


{{gene-7-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors}}
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 15:31, 25 June 2018

Not to be confused with nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1 or NFE2L1.
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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Nuclear respiratory factor 1, also known as Nrf1, Nrf-1, NRF1 and NRF-1, encodes a protein that homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor which activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene and for "nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1" which has an official symbol of NFE2L1.[citation needed]

Function

Nrf1 functions as a transcription factor that activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. Nrf1, together with Nrf2, mediates the biogenomic coordination between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes by directly regulating the expression of several nuclear-encoded ETC proteins, and indirectly regulating the three mitochondrial-encoded COX subunit genes by activating mtTFA, mtTFB1, and mtTFB2.

Nrf1 is associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth.[1]

Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized.[2]

Cyclin D1-dependent kinase, through phosphorylating NRF-1 at S47, coordinates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function.[3]

Interactions

NRF1 has been shown to interact with DYNLL1,[4] PPARGC1A,[5] and PPRC1.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Chang WT, Chen HI, Chiou RJ, Chen CY, Huang AM (August 2005). "A novel function of transcription factor alpha-Pal/NRF-1: increasing neurite outgrowth". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 334 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.079. PMID 15992771.
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: NRF1 nuclear respiratory factor 1".
  3. ↑ Wang C, Li Z, Lu Y, Du R, Katiyar S, Yang J, Fu M, Leader JE, Quong A, Novikoff PM, Pestell RG (2006). "Cyclin D1 repression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 integrates nuclear DNA synthesis and mitochondrial function". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (31): 11567–72. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311567W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603363103. JSTOR 30051572. PMC 1518800. PMID 16864783.
  4. ↑ Herzig RP, Andersson U, Scarpulla RC (December 2000). "Dynein light chain interacts with NRF-1 and EWG, structurally and functionally related transcription factors from humans and drosophila". J. Cell Sci. 113 (23): 4263–73. PMID 11069771.
  5. ↑ Wu Z, Puigserver P, Andersson U, Zhang C, Adelmant G, Mootha V, Troy A, Cinti S, Lowell B, Scarpulla RC, Spiegelman BM (July 1999). "Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1". Cell. 98 (1): 115–24. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80611-X. PMID 10412986.
  6. ↑ Andersson U, Scarpulla RC (May 2001). "PGC-1-related coactivator, a novel, serum-inducible coactivator of nuclear respiratory factor 1-dependent transcription in mammalian cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (11): 3738–49. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.11.3738-3749.2001. PMC 87014. PMID 11340167.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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