Nuclear receptor TLX (homologue of the Drosophila tailless gene) also known as NR2E1 (Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2E1gene.[1] TLX is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellulartranscription factors.
TLX regulates the expression of another nuclear receptor, RAR.[2]
TLX also is essential for normal brain-eye coordination and appears to play a role in control of aggressive behavior.[3]
Adult neural stem cells are nuclear receptor TLX-positive and TLX expression in these cells is crucial in maintaining their undifferentiated state.[4] Furthermore, TLX regulates adult neural stem cell proliferation. Removal of TLX from the adult mouse brain resulted in a reduction of stem cell proliferation and spatial learning.[5]
Tlx-positive cells of the subventricular zone of adult mouse brain are self-renewing stem cells. Mutation of the Tlx gene in adult mouse brain leads to complete loss of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone. Tlx is also required for transition from radial glial cells to astrocyte-like neural stem cells.[6]
References
↑Jackson A, Panayiotidis P, Foroni L (May 1998). "The human homologue of the Drosophila tailless gene (TLX): characterization and mapping to a region of common deletion in human lymphoid leukemia on chromosome 6q21". Genomics. 50 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5270. PMID9628820.
↑Abrahams BS, Kwok MC, Trinh E, Budaghzadeh S, Hossain SM, Simpson EM (Jul 2005). "Pathological aggression in "fierce" mice corrected by human nuclear receptor 2E1". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (27): 6263–70. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4757-04.2005. PMID16000615.
↑Shi Y, Chichung Lie D, Taupin P, Nakashima K, Ray J, Yu RT, Gage FH, Evans RM (Jan 2004). "Expression and function of orphan nuclear receptor TLX in adult neural stem cells". Nature. 427 (6969): 78–83. doi:10.1038/nature02211. PMID14702088.
↑Zhang CL, Zou Y, He W, Gage FH, Evans RM (Feb 2008). "A role for adult TLX-positive neural stem cells in learning and behaviour". Nature. 451 (7181): 1004–7. doi:10.1038/nature06562. PMID18235445.
Yu RT, McKeown M, Evans RM, Umesono K (Aug 1994). "Relationship between Drosophila gap gene tailless and a vertebrate nuclear receptor Tlx". Nature. 370 (6488): 375–9. doi:10.1038/370375a0. PMID8047143.
Abrahams BS, Mak GM, Berry ML, Palmquist DL, Saionz JR, Tay A, Tan YH, Brenner S, Simpson EM, Venkatesh B (Jul 2002). "Novel vertebrate genes and putative regulatory elements identified at kidney disease and NR2E1/fierce loci". Genomics. 80 (1): 45–53. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6795. PMID12079282.
Abrahams BS, Kwok MC, Trinh E, Budaghzadeh S, Hossain SM, Simpson EM (Jul 2005). "Pathological aggression in "fierce" mice corrected by human nuclear receptor 2E1". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (27): 6263–70. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4757-04.2005. PMID16000615.