Farnesoid X receptor

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4
PDB rendering based on 1osh.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1osh​, 1osv​, 1ot7​
Identifiers
Symbols	NR1H4 ; BAR; FXR; HRR-1; HRR1; MGC163445; RIP14
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 3760
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), also known as NR1H4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4) is a nuclear hormone receptor with activity similar to that seen in other steroid receptors such as estrogen or progesterone but more similar in form to PPAR, LXR and RXR. FXR is encoded by the NR1H4 gene.

Chenodeoxycholic acid and other bile acids are the natural ligand for FXR and like other steroid receptors, when activated, it translocates to the cell nucleus, forms a dimer (in this case a heterodimer) and binds to hormone response elements on DNA which elicits expression or transrepression of gene products. One of the primary functions of FXR activation is the suppression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis from cholesterol.

Further reading

• Kalaany NY, Mangelsdorf DJ (2006). "LXRS and FXR: the yin and yang of cholesterol and fat metabolism". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 68: 159–91. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158. PMID 16460270.
• Kuipers F, Stroeve JH, Caron S, Staels B (2007). "Bile acids, farnesoid X receptor, atherosclerosis and metabolic control". Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 18 (3): 289–97. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3281338d08. PMID 17495603.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Seol W, Choi HS, Moore DD (1995). "Isolation of proteins that interact specifically with the retinoid X receptor: two novel orphan receptors". Mol. Endocrinol. 9 (1): 72–85. PMID 7760852.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Forman BM, Goode E, Chen J; et al. (1995). "Identification of a nuclear receptor that is activated by farnesol metabolites". Cell. 81 (5): 687–93. PMID 7774010.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Zavacki AM, Lehmann JM, Seol W; et al. (1997). "Activation of the orphan receptor RIP14 by retinoids". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (15): 7909–14. PMID 9223286.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Makishima M, Okamoto AY, Repa JJ; et al. (1999). "Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids". Science. 284 (5418): 1362–5. PMID 10334992.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Parks DJ, Blanchard SG, Bledsoe RK; et al. (1999). "Bile acids: natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor". Science. 284 (5418): 1365–8. PMID 10334993.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bramlett KS, Yao S, Burris TP (2001). "Correlation of farnesoid X receptor coactivator recruitment and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene repression by bile acids". Mol. Genet. Metab. 71 (4): 609–15. doi:10.1006/mgme.2000.3106. PMID 11136553.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Stegh AH, Barnhart BC, Volkland J; et al. (2002). "Inactivation of caspase-8 on mitochondria of Bcl-xL-expressing MCF7-Fas cells: role for the bifunctional apoptosis regulator protein". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (6): 4351–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108947200. PMID 11733517.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Cui J, Heard TS, Yu J; et al. (2002). "The amino acid residues asparagine 354 and isoleucine 372 of human farnesoid X receptor confer the receptor with high sensitivity to chenodeoxycholate". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (29): 25963–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200824200. PMID 12004058.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Huber RM, Murphy K, Miao B; et al. (2002). "Generation of multiple farnesoid-X-receptor isoforms through the use of alternative promoters". Gene. 290 (1–2): 35–43. PMID 12062799.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Pineda Torra I, Claudel T, Duval C; et al. (2003). "Bile acids induce the expression of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene via activation of the farnesoid X receptor". Mol. Endocrinol. 17 (2): 259–72. PMID 12554753.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Anisfeld AM, Kast-Woelbern HR, Meyer ME; et al. (2003). "Syndecan-1 expression is regulated in an isoform-specific manner by the farnesoid-X receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (22): 20420–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302505200. PMID 12660231.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Pircher PC, Kitto JL, Petrowski ML; et al. (2003). "Farnesoid X receptor regulates bile acid-amino acid conjugation". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (30): 27703–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302128200. PMID 12754200.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Zhao A, Lew JL, Huang L; et al. (2003). "Human kininogen gene is transactivated by the farnesoid X receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (31): 28765–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304568200. PMID 12761213.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Barbier O, Torra IP, Sirvent A; et al. (2003). "FXR induces the UGT2B4 enzyme in hepatocytes: a potential mechanism of negative feedback control of FXR activity". Gastroenterology. 124 (7): 1926–40. PMID 12806625.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Holt JA, Luo G, Billin AN; et al. (2003). "Definition of a novel growth factor-dependent signal cascade for the suppression of bile acid biosynthesis". Genes Dev. 17 (13): 1581–91. doi:10.1101/gad.1083503. PMID 12815072.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Claudel T, Inoue Y, Barbier O; et al. (2003). "Farnesoid X receptor agonists suppress hepatic apolipoprotein CIII expression". Gastroenterology. 125 (2): 544–55. PMID 12891557.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hsiao PW, Fryer CJ, Trotter KW; et al. (2003). "BAF60a mediates critical interactions between nuclear receptors and the BRG1 chromatin-remodeling complex for transactivation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (17): 6210–20. PMID 12917342.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

• farnesoid+X-activated+receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)