Msh homeobox 2
| Msh homeobox 2 | |||||||||||||
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File:PBB Protein MSX2 image.jpg PDB rendering based on 1ig7. | |||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||
| Symbols | MSX2 ; CRS2; FPP; HOX8; MSH; PFM; PFM1 | ||||||||||||
| External IDs | Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 1837 | ||||||||||||
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| File:PBB GE MSX2 205555 s at tn.png | |||||||||||||
| File:PBB GE MSX2 210319 x at tn.png | |||||||||||||
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| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||
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Msh homeobox 2, also known as MSX2, is a human gene.[1]
This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein is a transcriptional repressor whose normal activity may establish a balance between survival and apoptosis of neural crest-derived cells required for proper craniofacial morphogenesis. The encoded protein may also have a role in promoting cell growth under certain conditions and may be an important target for the RAS signaling pathways. Mutations in this gene are associated with parietal foramina 1 and craniosynostosis type 2.[1]
References
Further reading
- Suzuki M, Tanaka M, Iwase T; et al. (1993). "Over-expression of HOX-8, the human homologue of the mouse Hox-8 homeobox gene, in human tumors". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194 (1): 187–93. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1802. PMID 7687426.
- Semenza GL, Wang GL, Kundu R (1995). "DNA binding and transcriptional properties of wild-type and mutant forms of the homeodomain protein Msx2". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 209 (1): 257–62. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1497. PMID 7726844.
- Iimura T (1995). "[Molecular cloning and expression of homeobox-containing genes during hard tissue development]". Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi. 61 (4): 590–604. PMID 7897272.
- Hodgkinson JE, Davidson CL, Beresford J, Sharpe PT (1993). "Expression of a human homeobox-containing gene is regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 in bone cells". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1174 (1): 11–6. PMID 8101453.
- Jabs EW, Müller U, Li X; et al. (1993). "A mutation in the homeodomain of the human MSX2 gene in a family affected with autosomal dominant craniosynostosis". Cell. 75 (3): 443–50. PMID 8106171.
- Takahashi C, Akiyama N, Matsuzaki T; et al. (1996). "Characterization of a human MSX-2 cDNA and its fragment isolated as a transformation suppressor gene against v-Ki-ras oncogene". Oncogene. 12 (10): 2137–46. PMID 8668339.
- Kostrzewa M, Grady DL, Moyzis RK; et al. (1996). "Integration of four genes, a pseudogene, thirty-one STSs, and a highly polymorphic STRP into the 7-10 Mb YAC contig of 5q34-q35". Hum. Genet. 97 (3): 399–403. PMID 8786091.
- Ma L, Golden S, Wu L, Maxson R (1997). "The molecular basis of Boston-type craniosynostosis: the Pro148-->His mutation in the N-terminal arm of the MSX2 homeodomain stabilizes DNA binding without altering nucleotide sequence preferences". Hum. Mol. Genet. 5 (12): 1915–20. PMID 8968743.
- Quinn LM, Johnson BV, Nicholl J; et al. (1997). "Isolation and identification of homeobox genes from the human placenta including a novel member of the Distal-less family, DLX4". Gene. 187 (1): 55–61. PMID 9073066.
- Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H; et al. (1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2920–32. PMID 9111364.
- Wu L, Wu H, Ma L; et al. (1997). "Miz1, a novel zinc finger transcription factor that interacts with Msx2 and enhances its affinity for DNA". Mech. Dev. 65 (1–2): 3–17. PMID 9256341.
- Newberry EP, Latifi T, Battaile JT, Towler DA (1997). "Structure-function analysis of Msx2-mediated transcriptional suppression". Biochemistry. 36 (34): 10451–62. doi:10.1021/bi971008x. PMID 9265625.
- Stelnicki EJ, Kömüves LG, Holmes D; et al. (1997). "The human homeobox genes MSX-1, MSX-2, and MOX-1 are differentially expressed in the dermis and epidermis in fetal and adult skin". Differentiation. 62 (1): 33–41. PMID 9373945.
- Iimura T, Takeda K, Goseki M; et al. (1998). "Characterization of two length cDNA for human MSX-2 from dental pulp-derived cells". DNA Seq. 8 (1–2): 87–92. PMID 9522127.
- Newberry EP, Latifi T, Towler DA (1999). "The RRM domain of MINT, a novel Msx2 binding protein, recognizes and regulates the rat osteocalcin promoter". Biochemistry. 38 (33): 10678–90. doi:10.1021/bi990967j. PMID 10451362.
- Wilkie AO, Tang Z, Elanko N; et al. (2000). "Functional haploinsufficiency of the human homeobox gene MSX2 causes defects in skull ossification". Nat. Genet. 24 (4): 387–90. doi:10.1038/74224. PMID 10742103.
- Wuyts W, Reardon W, Preis S; et al. (2000). "Identification of mutations in the MSX2 homeobox gene in families affected with foramina parietalia permagna". Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (8): 1251–5. PMID 10767351.
- Quinn LM, Latham SE, Kalionis B (2000). "The homeobox genes MSX2 and MOX2 are candidates for regulating epithelial-mesenchymal cell interactions in the human placenta". Placenta. 21 Suppl A: S50–4. PMID 10831122.
- Masuda Y, Sasaki A, Shibuya H; et al. (2001). "Dlxin-1, a novel protein that binds Dlx5 and regulates its transcriptional function". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (7): 5331–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008590200. PMID 11084035.
- Shirakabe K, Terasawa K, Miyama K; et al. (2002). "Regulation of the activity of the transcription factor Runx2 by two homeobox proteins, Msx2 and Dlx5". Genes Cells. 6 (10): 851–6. PMID 11683913.
External links
- MSX2+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.