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== Tissue distribution and function ==
== Tissue distribution and function ==


The ''BLR1'' / ''CXCR5'' [[gene]] is specifically expressed in [[Burkitt's lymphoma]] and lymphatic tissues, such as follicles in [[lymph nodes]] as well as in [[spleen]]. The gene plays an essential role in [[B cell]] migration.<ref name="pmid8978608">{{cite journal | vauthors = Förster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M | title = A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen | journal = Cell | volume = 87 | issue = 6 | pages = 1037–47 | date = December 1996 | pmid = 8978608 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81798-5 }}</ref> Recently, it was shown that CXCR5 overexpression in breast cancer patients highly correlates with lymph node metastases,<ref name="pmid24337540">{{cite journal | vauthors = Biswas S, Sengupta S, Roy Chowdhury S, Jana S, Mandal G, Mandal PK, Saha N, Malhotra V, Gupta A, Kuprash DV, Bhattacharyya A | title = CXCL13-CXCR5 co-expression regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells during lymph node metastasis | journal = Breast Cancer Res Treat | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 265–76 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24337540 | doi = 10.1007/s10549-013-2811-8 }}</ref> and elevated CXCR5 expression may contribute to abnormal cell survival and migration in breast tumors that lack functional [[p53]] protein.<ref name="pmid25786345">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitkin NA, Hook CD, Schwartz AM, Biswas S, Kochetkov DV, Muratova AM, Afanasyeva MA, Kravchenko JE, Bhattacharyya A, Kuprash DV | title = p53-dependent expression of CXCR5 chemokine receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells | journal = Sci Rep | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25786345 | doi = 10.1038/srep09330 }}</ref> Minor allele of [[Single-nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]] rs630923, located in the area of CXCR5 gene promoter and associated with the risk of [[multiple sclerosis]], is responsible for appearance of [[MEF2C]]-binding site resulted in reduced CXCR5 gene promoter activity in B-cells during activation, that could lead to decreased autoimmune response <ref name="pmid27909439">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitkin NA, Muratova AM, Schwartz AM, Kuprash DV | title = The A Allele of the Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs630923 Creates a Binding Site for MEF2C Resulting in Reduced CXCR5 Promoter Activity in B-Cell Lymphoblastic Cell Lines | journal = Front. Immunol. | volume = 7 | issue = 515 | date = Nov 2016 | pmid = 27909439  | doi = 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00515 }}</ref>
The ''BLR1'' / ''CXCR5'' [[gene]] is specifically expressed in [[Burkitt's lymphoma]] and lymphatic tissues, such as follicles in [[lymph nodes]] as well as in [[spleen]]. The gene plays an essential role in [[B cell]] migration.<ref name="pmid8978608">{{cite journal | vauthors = Förster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M | title = A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen | journal = Cell | volume = 87 | issue = 6 | pages = 1037–47 | date = December 1996 | pmid = 8978608 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81798-5 }}</ref> Recently, it was shown that CXCR5 overexpression in breast cancer patients highly correlates with lymph node metastases,<ref name="pmid24337540">{{cite journal | vauthors = Biswas S, Sengupta S, Roy Chowdhury S, Jana S, Mandal G, Mandal PK, Saha N, Malhotra V, Gupta A, Kuprash DV, Bhattacharyya A | title = CXCL13-CXCR5 co-expression regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells during lymph node metastasis | journal = Breast Cancer Res Treat | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 265–76 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24337540 | doi = 10.1007/s10549-013-2811-8 }}</ref> and elevated CXCR5 expression may contribute to abnormal cell survival and migration in breast tumors that lack functional [[p53]] protein.<ref name="pmid25786345">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitkin NA, Hook CD, Schwartz AM, Biswas S, Kochetkov DV, Muratova AM, Afanasyeva MA, Kravchenko JE, Bhattacharyya A, Kuprash DV | title = p53-dependent expression of CXCR5 chemokine receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells | journal = Sci Rep | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25786345 | doi = 10.1038/srep09330 | pmc=4365401 | page=9330}}</ref> Minor allele of [[Single-nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]] rs630923, located in the area of CXCR5 gene promoter and associated with the risk of [[multiple sclerosis]], is responsible for appearance of [[MEF2C]]-binding site resulted in reduced CXCR5 gene promoter activity in B-cells during activation, that could lead to decreased autoimmune response <ref name="pmid27909439">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitkin NA, Muratova AM, Schwartz AM, Kuprash DV | title = The A Allele of the Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs630923 Creates a Binding Site for MEF2C Resulting in Reduced CXCR5 Promoter Activity in B-Cell Lymphoblastic Cell Lines | journal = Front. Immunol. | volume = 7 | issue = 515 | date = Nov 2016 | pmid = 27909439  | doi = 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00515 | pmc=5112242}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lipp M, Müller G | title = Shaping up adaptive immunity: the impact of CCR7 and CXCR5 on lymphocyte trafficking | journal = Verhandlungen Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Für Pathologie | volume = 87 | issue =  | pages = 90–101 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16888899 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lipp M, Müller G | title = Shaping up adaptive immunity: the impact of CCR7 and CXCR5 on lymphocyte trafficking | journal = Verhandlungen Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Für Pathologie | volume = 87 | issue =  | pages = 90–101 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16888899 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Barella L, Loetscher M, Tobler A, Baggiolini M, Moser B | title = Sequence variation of a novel heptahelical leucocyte receptor through alternative transcript formation | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 309 ( Pt 3) | issue = 3 | pages = 773–9 | date = August 1995 | pmid = 7639692 | pmc = 1135699 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Barella L, Loetscher M, Tobler A, Baggiolini M, Moser B | title = Sequence variation of a novel heptahelical leucocyte receptor through alternative transcript formation | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 309 | issue = 3 | pages = 773–9 | date = August 1995 | pmid = 7639692 | pmc = 1135699 | doi =  10.1042/bj3090773}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Legler DF, Loetscher M, Roos RS, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B | title = B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5 | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 187 | issue = 4 | pages = 655–60 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9463416 | pmc = 2212150 | doi = 10.1084/jem.187.4.655 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Legler DF, Loetscher M, Roos RS, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B | title = B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5 | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 187 | issue = 4 | pages = 655–60 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9463416 | pmc = 2212150 | doi = 10.1084/jem.187.4.655 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gunn MD, Ngo VN, Ansel KM, Ekland EH, Cyster JG, Williams LT | title = A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1 | journal = Nature | volume = 391 | issue = 6669 | pages = 799–803 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9486651 | doi = 10.1038/35876 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gunn MD, Ngo VN, Ansel KM, Ekland EH, Cyster JG, Williams LT | title = A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1 | journal = Nature | volume = 391 | issue = 6669 | pages = 799–803 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9486651 | doi = 10.1038/35876 }}
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim CH, Johnston B, Butcher EC | title = Trafficking machinery of NKT cells: shared and differential chemokine receptor expression among V alpha 24(+)V beta 11(+) NKT cell subsets with distinct cytokine-producing capacity | journal = Blood | volume = 100 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–6 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12070001 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0196 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim CH, Johnston B, Butcher EC | title = Trafficking machinery of NKT cells: shared and differential chemokine receptor expression among V alpha 24(+)V beta 11(+) NKT cell subsets with distinct cytokine-producing capacity | journal = Blood | volume = 100 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–6 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12070001 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0196 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Carlsen HS, Baekkevold ES, Johansen FE, Haraldsen G, Brandtzaeg P | title = B cell attracting chemokine 1 (CXCL13) and its receptor CXCR5 are expressed in normal and aberrant gut associated lymphoid tissue | journal = Gut | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 364–71 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12171958 | pmc = 1773345 | doi = 10.1136/gut.51.3.364 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Carlsen HS, Baekkevold ES, Johansen FE, Haraldsen G, Brandtzaeg P | title = B cell attracting chemokine 1 (CXCL13) and its receptor CXCR5 are expressed in normal and aberrant gut associated lymphoid tissue | journal = Gut | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 364–71 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12171958 | pmc = 1773345 | doi = 10.1136/gut.51.3.364 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Battle TE, Yen A | title = Ectopic expression of CXCR5/BLR1 accelerates retinoic acid- and vitamin D(3)-induced monocytic differentiation of U937 cells | journal = Experimental Biology and Medicine | volume = 227 | issue = 9 | pages = 753–62 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12324654 | doi =  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Battle TE, Yen A | title = Ectopic expression of CXCR5/BLR1 accelerates retinoic acid- and vitamin D(3)-induced monocytic differentiation of U937 cells | journal = Experimental Biology and Medicine | volume = 227 | issue = 9 | pages = 753–62 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12324654 | doi =  10.1177/153537020222700906}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lisignoli G, Toneguzzi S, Piacentini A, Cattini L, Lenti A, Tschon M, Cristino S, Grassi F, Facchini A | title = Human osteoblasts express functional CXC chemokine receptors 3 and 5: activation by their ligands, CXCL10 and CXCL13, significantly induces alkaline phosphatase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase release | journal = Journal of Cellular Physiology | volume = 194 | issue = 1 | pages = 71–9 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12447991 | doi = 10.1002/jcp.10188 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lisignoli G, Toneguzzi S, Piacentini A, Cattini L, Lenti A, Tschon M, Cristino S, Grassi F, Facchini A | title = Human osteoblasts express functional CXC chemokine receptors 3 and 5: activation by their ligands, CXCL10 and CXCL13, significantly induces alkaline phosphatase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase release | journal = Journal of Cellular Physiology | volume = 194 | issue = 1 | pages = 71–9 | date = January 2003 | pmid = 12447991 | doi = 10.1002/jcp.10188 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chan CC, Shen D, Hackett JJ, Buggage RR, Tuaillon N | title = Expression of chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR5, and chemokines, BLC and SDF-1, in the eyes of patients with primary intraocular lymphoma | journal = Ophthalmology | volume = 110 | issue = 2 | pages = 421–6 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12578791 | doi = 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01737-2 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chan CC, Shen D, Hackett JJ, Buggage RR, Tuaillon N | title = Expression of chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR5, and chemokines, BLC and SDF-1, in the eyes of patients with primary intraocular lymphoma | journal = Ophthalmology | volume = 110 | issue = 2 | pages = 421–6 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12578791 | doi = 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01737-2 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Flynn G, Maru S, Loughlin J, Romero IA, Male D | title = Regulation of chemokine receptor expression in human microglia and astrocytes | journal = Journal of Neuroimmunology | volume = 136 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 84–93 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12620646 | doi = 10.1016/S0165-5728(03)00009-2 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Flynn G, Maru S, Loughlin J, Romero IA, Male D | title = Regulation of chemokine receptor expression in human microglia and astrocytes | journal = Journal of Neuroimmunology | volume = 136 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 84–93 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12620646 | doi = 10.1016/S0165-5728(03)00009-2 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lisignoli G, Piacentini A, Toneguzzi S, Grassi F, Tschon M, Cristino S, Facchini A, Mariani E | title = Age-associated changes in functional response to CXCR3 and CXCR5 chemokine receptors in human osteoblasts | journal = Biogerontology | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | pages = 309–17 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14618028 | doi = 10.1023/A:1026203502385 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lisignoli G, Piacentini A, Toneguzzi S, Grassi F, Tschon M, Cristino S, Facchini A, Mariani E | title = Age-associated changes in functional response to CXCR3 and CXCR5 chemokine receptors in human osteoblasts | journal = Biogerontology | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | pages = 309–17 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14618028 | doi = 10.1023/A:1026203502385 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Aust G, Sittig D, Becherer L, Anderegg U, Schütz A, Lamesch P, Schmücking E | title = The role of CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13 in the compartmentalization of lymphocytes in thyroids affected by autoimmune thyroid diseases | journal = European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies | volume = 150 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–34 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14763921 | doi = 10.1530/eje.0.1500225 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Aust G, Sittig D, Becherer L, Anderegg U, Schütz A, Lamesch P, Schmücking E | title = The role of CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13 in the compartmentalization of lymphocytes in thyroids affected by autoimmune thyroid diseases | journal = European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies | volume = 150 | issue = 2 | pages = 225–34 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14763921 | doi = 10.1530/eje.0.1500225 }}

Latest revision as of 09:41, 5 March 2018

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C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXC-R5) also known as CD185 (cluster of differentiation 185) or Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1) is a G protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor for chemokine CXCL13 (also known as BLC) and belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. It enables T cells to migrate to lymph node B cell zones. In humans, the CXC-R5 protein is encoded by the CXCR5 gene.[1]

Tissue distribution and function

The BLR1 / CXCR5 gene is specifically expressed in Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphatic tissues, such as follicles in lymph nodes as well as in spleen. The gene plays an essential role in B cell migration.[2] Recently, it was shown that CXCR5 overexpression in breast cancer patients highly correlates with lymph node metastases,[3] and elevated CXCR5 expression may contribute to abnormal cell survival and migration in breast tumors that lack functional p53 protein.[4] Minor allele of SNP rs630923, located in the area of CXCR5 gene promoter and associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, is responsible for appearance of MEF2C-binding site resulted in reduced CXCR5 gene promoter activity in B-cells during activation, that could lead to decreased autoimmune response [5]

References

  1. ↑ Dobner T, Wolf I, Emrich T, Lipp M (November 1992). "Differentiation-specific expression of a novel G protein-coupled receptor from Burkitt's lymphoma". European Journal of Immunology. 22 (11): 2795–9. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221107. PMID 1425907.
  2. ↑ Förster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M (December 1996). "A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen". Cell. 87 (6): 1037–47. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81798-5. PMID 8978608.
  3. ↑ Biswas S, Sengupta S, Roy Chowdhury S, Jana S, Mandal G, Mandal PK, Saha N, Malhotra V, Gupta A, Kuprash DV, Bhattacharyya A (January 2014). "CXCL13-CXCR5 co-expression regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells during lymph node metastasis". Breast Cancer Res Treat. 143 (2): 265–76. doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2811-8. PMID 24337540.
  4. ↑ Mitkin NA, Hook CD, Schwartz AM, Biswas S, Kochetkov DV, Muratova AM, Afanasyeva MA, Kravchenko JE, Bhattacharyya A, Kuprash DV (March 2015). "p53-dependent expression of CXCR5 chemokine receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells". Sci Rep. 19 (5): 9330. doi:10.1038/srep09330. PMC 4365401. PMID 25786345.
  5. ↑ Mitkin NA, Muratova AM, Schwartz AM, Kuprash DV (Nov 2016). "The A Allele of the Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs630923 Creates a Binding Site for MEF2C Resulting in Reduced CXCR5 Promoter Activity in B-Cell Lymphoblastic Cell Lines". Front. Immunol. 7 (515). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00515. PMC 5112242. PMID 27909439.

External links

Further reading


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